Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-12T19:23:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Môniele Nunes dos Santos.pdf: 3174769 bytes, checksum: 9f1db013e061d85290b306f83659d73c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2016-04-28T16:59:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Môniele Nunes dos Santos.pdf: 3174769 bytes, checksum: 9f1db013e061d85290b306f83659d73c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T16:59:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Môniele Nunes dos Santos.pdf: 3174769 bytes, checksum: 9f1db013e061d85290b306f83659d73c (MD5) / CAPES / O abrigamento de crianças e adolescentes é uma das modalidades de acolhimento institucional prevista no Estatuto da criança e do Adolescente (ECA), Lei 8.069/90 (atualizado pela lei 12.010 de 2009) como medida de proteção excepcional e provisória, em casos de ameaça ou violação de direitos das crianças e adolescentes, dentre estas, o abuso sexual. A ocorrência desta violência pode implicar, em alguns casos, no afastamento da vítima da convivência familiar e comunitária, através da aplicação de medidas jurídicas de proteção a vítima, passando esta a viver em abrigo institucional. Mas, paradoxalmente, o que era para ser excepcional e transitório, tem-se configurado como a modalidade mais utilizada pela sociedade brasileira, e o tempo de permanência nos abrigos tende a ser longo. Assim, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar o processo de institucionalização e desinstitucionalização através da perspectiva das adolescentes vítimas de abuso sexual. Buscou-se conhecer o “mundo” social, o cotidiano e os vínculos afetivos e sociais das adolescentes ingressas, e as representações sociais que as egressas (re)constroem no momento da saída do abrigo após (longos) anos de institucionalização, sinalizando para os desafios encontrados na vida de egressa. Para dar conta dessa dimensão privilegiamos uma metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa e de caráter exploratório. A Instituição estudada foi a ONG Lar Flor de Lis, Salvador/BA, que ampara cerca de 120 crianças e adolescente, do gênero masculino e feminino. A maioria dos abrigados é composta de afrodescendentes, possui baixa escolaridade, são oriundos de bairros periféricos de Salvador, Região Metropolitana e municípios do interior do Estado da Bahia. O recorte empírico privilegiou cinco adolescentes do gênero feminino, vítimas de abuso sexual. Verificou-se que as representações sociais sobre o abrigo são experienciadas de forma ambígua, sendo este entendido como um espaço de apoio, proteção, quanto de aprisionamento. Em relação a sua vivência na instituição, observou-se que o abrigamento tende a ser visto pelas adolescentes como uma dupla punição, sentem-se injustiçadas pelo afastamento da convivência familiar e comunitária, e pela impunidade do agressor. Uma questão apontada nos casos de abuso sexual verificada nessa pesquisa é que há uma tendência para uma idealização cristalizada de um tipo imaginário de família feliz, normal, dissimulando dessa forma, a realidade socioafetiva familiar vivenciada por essas, e a negação das relações de violência e “proteção social”.The shelter of children and adolescents is one of the forms of institutional care foreseen in the Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA), Law 8.069/90 (updated by Law 12,010 of 2009) as a measure of exceptional and temporary protection in cases of threat or violation of rights of children and adolescents, including sexual abuse cases against children and adolescents. The occurrence of this violence can lead, in some cases, to the removal of the victim from his/her family and community, through the application of legal measures to protect the victim that then begins to live in an institutional shelter. But, paradoxically, the measure of protection that is supposed to be exceptional and temporary, has been configured as the modality of protection used most often by Brazilian society, and the length of stay in the shelters tends to be long. Thus, this research aims to analyze the process of institutionalization and deinstitutionalization through the perspective of adolescents victims of sexual abuse. We sought to understand the social "world", the everyday life and the social and emotional bonds of intern teenagers, and the social representations that those who leave (re) build on leaving the shelter after (long) years of institutionalization, signaling to challenges encountered in the after-shelter life. To understand this dimension we favor a qualitative exploratory research methodology. The institution studied was the NGO Lar Flor de Lis, Salvador / BA, which shelters about 120 children and adolescents, male and female. Most sheltered children and adolescents are Afro-Brazilian, have low education, and are from the outskirts of Salvador metropolitan area and municipalities of the state of Bahia. The empirical cut favored five teenage female victims of sexual abuse. It was found that social representations about the shelter are experienced ambiguously, being perceived as a place of support, protection, but also of imprisonment. Regarding their experience at the institution, it was observed that the shelter tends to be seen by teenagers as a double punishment, they feel wronged by the separation from the family and community, and by the impunity of the perpetrator. It can be noticed in the sexual abuse cases analyzed in this research that there is a tendency toward idealizing a happy, normal, family, thus disguising the reality of the socio-affective family experienced by these, and the denial of the relations of violence and "social protection.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Petróleo e gás natural são recursos naturais não renováveis que possuem grande participação na matriz energética mundial e tendência de crescimento na matriz nacional, cujo marco regulatório limita-se a definir critérios técnicos e procedimentais sem incorporar o modelo de sustentabilidade instituído pela Constituição Federal de 1988. A natureza finita dos recursos não renováveis, como o petróleo e o gás natural, exige uma visão do planejamento de sua exploração de longo prazo na definição dos objetivos e metas. Essa perspectiva de longo prazo traduz uma das preocupações do desenvolvimento sustentável: a garantia de direitos para as futuras gerações. Assim, ao procurar fornecer elementos para a tradução do modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável no arcabouço institucional e legal da indústria petrolífera vigente no Brasil, o presente trabalho busca contribuir para o aprimoramento da regulação petrolífera nacional e a qualidade de vida das gerações presentes e futuras. E, mais do que propor a elaboração de um projeto de lei, como modalidade de implantação de uma política pública, queremos contribuir para o fortalecimento das práticas e ações governamentais voltadas para a aplicação do desenvolvimento sustentável, consoante apregoa a Constituição Federal brasileira. Trata-se aqui de demonstrar, através de metodologia quali-quantitativa, a tese de que é possível incorporar o princípio constitucional de desenvolvimento sustentável na atividade de exploração e produção de petróleo e gás natural, formulando uma política pública que incorpore, no regime de propriedade do petróleo, a variável ambiental e o uso intergeracional que já haviam sido e continuam sendo aplicados a algumas fontes renováveis de energia. Inicialmente, identificamos a composição da matriz energética brasileira desde a inserção do petróleo como uma questão de Estado a partir dos anos 50 do século XX. Em seguida, analisamos a concepção legal e doutrinária para propor, então, a conceituação de um modelo de desenvolvimento energético sustentável, estruturante para a proposição de uma política nacional para a indústria petrolífera. Com base nessa conceituação, analisamos o marco regulatório e os procedimentos institucionais praticados atualmente para identificar as lacunas existentes no ordenamento a serem supridas pela política nacional proposta. A partir da análise dos contextos legal e institucional, e das políticas energética e ambiental, propomos a tradução de conceitos, objetivos, princípios e instrumentos num projeto de lei de Política Nacional de Uso Sustentável das Reservas de Petróleo e Gás Natural. Concluímos tecendo considerações gerais e específicas sobre a proposição aqui formulada com vistas ao aprimoramento do modelo nacional de gestão de recursos energéticos e ao fomento das discussões voltadas para a sustentabilidade das políticas públicas e as práticas privadas enraizadas na exploração irracional de recursos não renováveis / Petroleum and natural gas are non renewable natural resources that have a great participation in the global energy matrix and growth trend in the national matrix, whose regulatory framework is restricted to technical and procedural criteria without incorporating the model of sustainability established by the Federal Constitution of 1988. The finite nature of non-renewable resources, such as oil and natural gas, requires a vision of planning for their long-term exploration in the definition of goals and objectives. This long-term prospect represents one of the concerns of sustainable development that of guaranteeing the rights of future generations. So, when seeking to provide elements to translate of the model of sustainable development into the institutional and legal framework of the existing oil industry in Brazil it tries to contribute to the improvement of the national petroleum regulation and the quality of life for present and future generations. And more than proposing drawing up a bill, as a means of implementing a public policy, it aims to contribute to the strengthening of governmental actions and practices directed at implementing sustainable development, as proclaimed by the Brazilian Federal Constitution. Here it is a matter of demonstrating, through qualitative and quantitative methodology, the thesis that it is possible to incorporate the constitutional principle of sustainable development into the activity of exploration and production of oil and natural gas, formulating a public policy that incorporates, in the ownership of oil, the environmental variable and intergenerational use which had been and still are applied to some renewable sources of energy. Initially, we identified the composition of the Brazilian energy matrix since the inclusion of oil as a matter of state in the 1950s. Next, we analysed the legal and doctrinary concept and then proposed the concept of a model of sustainable energy development, a structuring element for the proposition of a national policy for the petroleum industry. Based on this concept, we analysed the regulatory framework and institutional procedures currently in force to identify the existing gaps in planning to be filled by the proposed national policy. Based on the analysis of the legal and institutional contexts, and energy and environmental policies, we propose the transformation of concepts, objectives, principles and instruments into a bill of law of National Policy on Sustainable Use of Reserves of Oil and Natural Gas. We conclude with general and specific considerations on the proposition made here with a view to improving the national model of management of energy resources and the fostering of discussions focused on the sustainability of public policies and private practices rooted in the irrational exploration of non-renewable resources.

Submitted by Ana Carla Almeida (ana.almeida@ucsal.br) on 2016-09-26T15:29:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO TATI 11 DE FEVEREIRO escola.pdf: 2076712 bytes, checksum: 8099b98ad4010a6936ef89912cbf5db8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Emília Carvalho Ribeiro (maria.ribeiro@ucsal.br) on 2016-09-28T19:04:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO TATI 11 DE FEVEREIRO escola.pdf: 2076712 bytes, checksum: 8099b98ad4010a6936ef89912cbf5db8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-28T19:04:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO TATI 11 DE FEVEREIRO escola.pdf: 2076712 bytes, checksum: 8099b98ad4010a6936ef89912cbf5db8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-14 / Essa investigação analisou os significados e valores, as expectativas, as experiências e práticas educativas de gerações sucessivas (três mulheres e suas mães) na relação entre escola e família, levando em conta as aspirações de ascensão social dos investigados, através da análise do curso de vida individual de cada uma delas. Traz a discussão sobre a educação na perspectiva de desenvolvimento humano, caracterizada pela multidimensionalidade atribuída ao processo de emancipação do ser humano para superação das condições de vulnerabilidades presentes na pobreza. Discute os eventos de cursos de vida com ênfase na escolaridade, conjugalidade, maternidade e trabalho: os ingressos, as descontinuidades e os reingressos das mulheres entrevistadas nas escolas, bem como o papel assumido nas famílias e na sociedade. A pesquisa foi aplicada em uma escola pública municipal de Ensino Fundamental I, na periferia de Salvador, no ano de 2015, tendo como critério a seleção de três famílias em cujo seio no mínimo duas gerações de mulheres tenham estudado e, atualmente, cujos filhos (terceira geração) estejam efetivamente matriculados. A abordagem metodológica utilizada foi a qualitativa, através do estudo de casos, com base na técnica das histórias de vida, utilizando como instrumento para coleta de dados o diário de campo e entrevistas, além das observações in loco. Esta investigação longitudinal envolveu pesquisadora e pesquisados em local e tempo específicos e pôde observar variações e características desenvolvidas nesses sujeitos através do processo de escolarização, bem como as mudanças nas famílias e na sociedade que emergiram nesse processo. Os principais resultados revelam o reconhecimento da chefia feminina para estes três casos, mesmo havendo em dois deles a presença do homem. A gravidez adolescente destas mães foi identificada como o mais importante fator para o abandono escolar, apesar dos incentivos e apoio aos estudos por parte de suas genitoras. Entretanto, seus filhos atualmente frequentam a escola, vivendo um contexto de erradicação do trabalho infantil, tiveram o ingresso na escola na idade correta e lá permanecem, com poucas interrupções. Essas famílias reconhecem a aquisição dos livros, dos materiais didáticos e do fardamento, hoje assegurados por políticas educacionais, como grandes avanços. São evidentes a valorização e o investimento das mães no estudo dos filhos, o que se contrapõe à concepção de que famílias pobres não valorizam a educação. Ao contrário, a pesquisa concluiu que as famílias utilizam os estudos como base para investir seus recursos e constroem altas expectativas de ascensão e acesso a novas oportunidades no trabalho e vida social, apesar da necessidade de subsistência e vulnerabilidades observadas. Entretanto, alguns aspectos relacionados à flexibilidade e à comunicação entre os agentes escolares e as famílias, diretamente relacionados às normas do regimento interno escolar, surgem como fatos questionados pelas entrevistadas que se tornaram obstáculos à participação da família na comunidade educativa, por meio da qual as oportunidades de realização de projetos futuros de ascensão social poderiam se concretizar. / This research analyzed the meanings and values, expectations, experiences and educational practices of successive generations (three women and their mothers) concerning about the relationship between school and family, taking into account the social mobility aspirations of the researched people, through each individual’s life course analysis. This study discusses education in human development perspective, characterized by multidimensionality attributed to human emancipation process in order to overcome the conditions of vulnerabilities present in poverty. This research also discusses some life course events with an emphasis on education, marital, maternity and work: the admissions, discontinuities and readmissions of the women interviewed in schools, as well as the role played in families and in society. The survey was conducted in a municipal public school of Ensino Fundamental I, on the outskirts of Salvador, in 2015, taking as criteria the selection of three families within which at least two generations of women have studied and, currently, whose children (third generation) are effectively enrolled. The methodological approach used was qualitative, based on case studies, by means of the technique of life stories, using as a tool for data collection a field diary and interviews, in addition to observations in loco. This longitudinal study brought together researcher and researched in specific place and time and could notice variations and characteristics developed in these subjects through the education process, as well as the changes in families and in society that emerged in this process. The main results show the recognition of female leadership in these three cases, even with a presence of a man in two of them. Teen pregnancy of these mothers was identified as the most important factor for school leavers, despite all support given by their mothers. However, their children are currently attending school, living in a context of eradication of child labor and was admitted in school at the right and stay there, despite of a few periods of absence. These families recognize as major advances the acquisition of books in general, schoolbooks and uniforms, today provided by educational policies. It’s evident how much mothers valorize and invest in children’s study, which goes against the idea that poor families do not value education. Instead, the research concludes that families use the studies as a basis for investing their resources and build high expectations of rise and access to new opportunities in work and social life, despite the need for subsistence and observed vulnerabilities. However, some aspects related to the flexibility and communication between school officials and families, directly related to the school bylaws standards, emerge as complains by the respondents, who argue they have become obstacles to family participation in the educational community, through which opportunities realization of future projects for social mobility could be realized.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Petróleo e gás natural são recursos naturais não renováveis que possuem grande participação na matriz energética mundial e tendência de crescimento na matriz nacional, cujo marco regulatório limita-se a definir critérios técnicos e procedimentais sem incorporar o modelo de sustentabilidade instituído pela Constituição Federal de 1988. A natureza finita dos recursos não renováveis, como o petróleo e o gás natural, exige uma visão do planejamento de sua exploração de longo prazo na definição dos objetivos e metas. Essa perspectiva de longo prazo traduz uma das preocupações do desenvolvimento sustentável: a garantia de direitos para as futuras gerações. Assim, ao procurar fornecer elementos para a tradução do modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável no arcabouço institucional e legal da indústria petrolífera vigente no Brasil, o presente trabalho busca contribuir para o aprimoramento da regulação petrolífera nacional e a qualidade de vida das gerações presentes e futuras. E, mais do que propor a elaboração de um projeto de lei, como modalidade de implantação de uma política pública, queremos contribuir para o fortalecimento das práticas e ações governamentais voltadas para a aplicação do desenvolvimento sustentável, consoante apregoa a Constituição Federal brasileira. Trata-se aqui de demonstrar, através de metodologia quali-quantitativa, a tese de que é possível incorporar o princípio constitucional de desenvolvimento sustentável na atividade de exploração e produção de petróleo e gás natural, formulando uma política pública que incorpore, no regime de propriedade do petróleo, a variável ambiental e o uso intergeracional que já haviam sido e continuam sendo aplicados a algumas fontes renováveis de energia. Inicialmente, identificamos a composição da matriz energética brasileira desde a inserção do petróleo como uma questão de Estado a partir dos anos 50 do século XX. Em seguida, analisamos a concepção legal e doutrinária para propor, então, a conceituação de um modelo de desenvolvimento energético sustentável, estruturante para a proposição de uma política nacional para a indústria petrolífera. Com base nessa conceituação, analisamos o marco regulatório e os procedimentos institucionais praticados atualmente para identificar as lacunas existentes no ordenamento a serem supridas pela política nacional proposta. A partir da análise dos contextos legal e institucional, e das políticas energética e ambiental, propomos a tradução de conceitos, objetivos, princípios e instrumentos num projeto de lei de Política Nacional de Uso Sustentável das Reservas de Petróleo e Gás Natural. Concluímos tecendo considerações gerais e específicas sobre a proposição aqui formulada com vistas ao aprimoramento do modelo nacional de gestão de recursos energéticos e ao fomento das discussões voltadas para a sustentabilidade das políticas públicas e as práticas privadas enraizadas na exploração irracional de recursos não renováveis / Petroleum and natural gas are non renewable natural resources that have a great participation in the global energy matrix and growth trend in the national matrix, whose regulatory framework is restricted to technical and procedural criteria without incorporating the model of sustainability established by the Federal Constitution of 1988. The finite nature of non-renewable resources, such as oil and natural gas, requires a vision of planning for their long-term exploration in the definition of goals and objectives. This long-term prospect represents one of the concerns of sustainable development that of guaranteeing the rights of future generations. So, when seeking to provide elements to translate of the model of sustainable development into the institutional and legal framework of the existing oil industry in Brazil it tries to contribute to the improvement of the national petroleum regulation and the quality of life for present and future generations. And more than proposing drawing up a bill, as a means of implementing a public policy, it aims to contribute to the strengthening of governmental actions and practices directed at implementing sustainable development, as proclaimed by the Brazilian Federal Constitution. Here it is a matter of demonstrating, through qualitative and quantitative methodology, the thesis that it is possible to incorporate the constitutional principle of sustainable development into the activity of exploration and production of oil and natural gas, formulating a public policy that incorporates, in the ownership of oil, the environmental variable and intergenerational use which had been and still are applied to some renewable sources of energy. Initially, we identified the composition of the Brazilian energy matrix since the inclusion of oil as a matter of state in the 1950s. Next, we analysed the legal and doctrinary concept and then proposed the concept of a model of sustainable energy development, a structuring element for the proposition of a national policy for the petroleum industry. Based on this concept, we analysed the regulatory framework and institutional procedures currently in force to identify the existing gaps in planning to be filled by the proposed national policy. Based on the analysis of the legal and institutional contexts, and energy and environmental policies, we propose the transformation of concepts, objectives, principles and instruments into a bill of law of National Policy on Sustainable Use of Reserves of Oil and Natural Gas. We conclude with general and specific considerations on the proposition made here with a view to improving the national model of management of energy resources and the fostering of discussions focused on the sustainability of public policies and private practices rooted in the irrational exploration of non-renewable resources.

Este estudo realiza um percurso histórico-literário das gerações que antecederam e que sucederam o salazarismo e seus reflexos em Portugal e Angola a partir da análise de duas obras: O jardim sem limites (1995), da autora portuguesa Lídia Jorge e Predadores (2008), do escritor angolano Artur Pestana, conhecido como Pepetela. Aquela mostra-nos personagens de diferentes idades deslocados em seu país, ainda que por motivos diferentes: os antigos, por não se reconhecerem neste novo Portugal democrático - ainda que conservador-, e os jovens, por tampouco se identificarem com este lugar cujo passado recente desconhecem. A obra do escritor luso-africano, por sua vez, relata um período que vai de 1974, imediatamente após a queda do Estado Novo e um ano antes da independência, até 2004, três anos depois do fim da guerra civil que sucedeu a guerra pela liberação. Assim, temos duas gerações alternadas: os pré-74 – e entre estes estão os que lutaram pela liberdade de Angola e os que não se envolveram com política, bem como com seu posterior desfecho -, e os filhos da guerra, todos alienados em relação ao contexto político-social do qual fazem parte. Parece-nos válido comparar os relacionamentos entre essas gerações e verificar como se deu a representação dessas em Portugal e Angola, países que têm suas histórias simbioticamente relacionadas, apesar de antagônicas. Para chegarmos às conclusões deste estudo, revisitamos a História até chegarmos ao cerne da problemática atual, ou seja, a desconolonização. Em nosso estudo, nos embasamos principalmente nos conceitos formulados a partir da crítica histórica, pós-colonial e filosófica. Partindo do princípio de que o corpus é distinto entre si, embasamo-nos nos estudos de pensadores portugueses como Teixeira de Pascoaes, Eduardo Lourenço e José Gil e de filósofos como Deleuze para trabalhar a obra portuguesa e recorremos aos escritos de Anderson, Hobsbaw, Hall e Bhaba para analisar a representação da questão identitária em Angola. Os pontos comuns entre ambos serão desenvolvidos a partir de autores como Lipovetsky. / This study traces a historical and literary journey of the generations before Salazarism and the repercussions of that regime in Portugal and Angola, based on the analysis of two books: O jardim sem limites (The Garden without Limits, 1995) by Portuguese writer Lidia Jorge, and Predadores (Predators, 2008) by Angolan writer Artur Pestana (also known as Pepetela). The first author shows us characters of different ages misplaced in their own country,but for different reasons: the old-timers who don’t recognize themselves in the new democratic, though conservative, Portugal; and the young people who also don’t relate to this place whose recent past they ignore. On the other hand the Luso-African writer book reports a period from 1974 (immediately after the fall of the New State and a year before independence) until 2004, three years after the civil war that followed the Liberation War. So, we have two alternating generations, the pre-74’s (fighters for freedom in Angola and who didn’t become involved with politics and its subsequent outcome) and the sons of war (all alienated about the social and political context in which they live). It seems valid to compare the relationships between these generations and to see how their representation occurs in Portugal and Angola (countries with antagonistic but symbiotically related history). To reach the conclusions of this study, we revisited History to touch the core of the current problem, i.e., deconolonization. We based our study mainly on the concepts formulated from historical, postcolonial and philosophical theories. Assuming that the corpus is distinct, we based our analysis of the Portuguese book on the studies of Portuguese thinkers as Teixeira de Pascoaes, Eduardo Lourenço, and José Gil as well as philosophers like Deleuze. On the other hand, to analyze the representation of identity issues in Angola we refer to the works of Anderson, Hobsbaw Hall and Bhaba. The commonalities between both books are developed from authors like Lipovetsky.

À l’articulation entre sociologie urbaine et sociologie des groupes sociaux, la thèse est consacrée aux phénomènes de gentrification qui touchent les anciens quartiers populaires de centre-ville depuis plus de trente ans et à leurs acteurs habitants, les « gentrifieurs ». Caractéristiques de l’émergence des « nouvelles classes moyennes » à la fin des années 1970, désignés au début des années 2000 par la catégorie médiatique de « bobos », ceux-ci contribuent au changement urbain par leurs choix et leurs investissements multidimensionnels dans l’espace résidentiel. La première partie de la thèse est consacrée à l’étude des générations de « gentrifieurs » des Pentes de la Croix-Rousse à Lyon et du Bas Montreuil en région parisienne, de leurs profils sociologiques et des ressorts de leur choix résidentiel des années 1970 aux années 2000. La deuxième partie est dédiée à l’analyse localisée du « travail de gentrification » mené par les nouveaux résidents du Bas Montreuil et à l’articulation de ce travail à leurs trajectoires sociale, professionnelle, militante et familiale. Fondée sur des entretiens approfondis avec des « gentrifieurs » de diverses époques, étayée par l’analyse de statistiques localisées sur la longue durée, systématiquement replacée dans les contextes globaux et locaux, l’enquête permet d’éclairer les ressorts sociaux des mutations des quartiers anciens de centre-ville et de proche banlieue en même temps que les recompositions des fractions supérieures des classes moyennes. / At the intersection between urban sociology and social group sociology, the thesis addresses the phenomena of gentrification affecting historical working-class areas over the last thirty years and their key players, the gentrifiers. Typical of the emerging “new middle classes” in the late 1970s, categorized by the media as “bobos” in the early 2000s, gentrifiers contribute to urban change through their choices and multidimensional investments in the residential space. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the study of generations of gentrifiers in the Pentes de la Croix-Rousse area in Lyon and in the Bas Montreuil area near Paris; it presents their sociological profiles and residential choices from the 1970s to the 2000s. The second part is devoted to the local analysis of the “gentrification work” in which new residents of the Bas Montreuil are engaged, in connection with their social, professional, militant and family trajectories. Based on extensive interviews with gentrifiers from various waves, supported by the analysis of long-term localized statistics, systematically replaced in the global and local contexts, the survey sheds light both on the sociological changes affecting historical central and suburb neighbourhoods and on the reshaping of higher fractions of the middle classes.

Le hizb Al-Wasat (parti du centre) a été fondé en 1996 par des Frères musulmans égyptiens dissidents. Son existence n'ayant jamais été reconnue par la Commission des partis, il appartient depuis 14 ans à la catégorie des partis taht al-tâ'sîs (en voie d'institutionnalisation). L'objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre comment les membres du Wasat s'efforcent d'avancer vers leur objectif – devenir des professionnels de la politique – avec peu de moyens et une marge d'action légale très réduite pour les organisations appartenant à cette catégorie.Ce travail s'appuie principalement sur deux corpus : une série de 29 entretiens menés au Caire au printemps 2008 avec la quasi-totalité des membres du Comité exécutif du Wasat et avec des membres d'autres mouvements d'opposition, et la « série textuelle chronologique » constituée par les quatre programmes du Wasat tels qu'ils ont été présentés lors de chaque saisine de la Commission des partis (1996, 1998, 2004 et 2009). Si ce dernier corpus se prête à une analyse lexicométrique, les travaux résultants de la transcription des entretiens – du fait de leur hétérogénéité – ont dû faire l'objet d'une catégorisation. Ce sont les données catégorisées qui ont ensuite été quantifiées et traitées statistiquement.Cette étude montre que le Wasat a évolué tant au niveau de la composition lexicale de ses énoncés programmatiques (passage d'un discours militant à un discours technocratique) que dans sa composition (aux militants fréristes des débuts sont venus s'adjoindre de nouveaux membres présentant des trajectoires militantes très différentes de celles des fondateurs). Par ailleurs, le Wasat a su se ménager une place dans un espace situé aux frontières des champs politique et intellectuel, notamment à travers les relations entretenues avec les intellectuels de la Wasatiya. Enfin, les membres de ce parti se sont insérés dans les réseaux de l'opposition égyptienne, et jouent un rôle dans son animation. / Hizb Al-Wasat (the Center party) was founded in 1996 in Egypt by a group of former Muslim Brothers. Since it has never been formally accepted by the Party committee, it spent the 14 last years as a taht al-tâ'sîs (waiting for institutionalization) party. The objective of this thesis is to understand how the Wasat members are trying to achieve their goals – becoming professional politicians – with a little legal margin due to their taht al-tâ'sîs situation.This work is mainly relying on two corpuses: 29 interviews done in Cairo during the spring of 2008 with almost all the members of the Wasat executive committee and with several members of other opponent organizations, and the “chronological textual series” compounded of the four Wasat programs, as they have been presented to the Party committee for each of its case submissions (1996, 1998, 2004 and 2009). This last corpus has been studied through a lexicometric analysis. But the transcripts of the interviews – due to their heterogeneity – have first been translated into French, and then been categorized. Lastly, the categorized data have been studied by the means of statistics.Results of this study are showing that the semantic field of the Wasat program evolved since the beginning (from a militant to a technocratic discourse), as well as its membership (it attracted new members, with a different political background from founders). In addition, Wasat members succeed to manage for themselves a place in a space located at the boundaries of the intellectual and the political fields, particularly through their relations with some Wasatiya intellectuals. Finally, this party members became a part of the Egyptian opposition network, inside which they are playing a leading role.

En écho aux enjeux démographiques des sociétés postmodernes, les générations au travail font l’objet de nombreux écrits dans les médias grand public, la presse managériale et les revues académiques. Dans la majorité de ces travaux, les effets générationnels sont envisagés comme un phénomène de société qui s’impose aux organisations, sommées de s’adapter aux comportements des Générations Y et bientôt Z. Cette vision occulte les effets de la socialisation organisationnelle sur les nouveaux entrants. A partir des travaux de Joshi et al (2010, 2011), notre thèse croise les cadres théoriques des générations et de la socialisation organisationnelle pour explorer empiriquement le thème des générations organisationnelles. En effet, si les générations sont enracinées dans la temporalité, les entreprises ont une temporalité propre, avec des événements fondateurs, des tendances d’évolution et des modes de reproduction sociale. Dans cette thèse CIFRE en recherche-action, nous étudions la situation particulière d’ERDF qui fait face à un renouvellement générationnel massif. Nous combinons un pré-diagnostic qualitatif, une ethnographie de 17 mois dans une base technique renouvelée et un questionnaire (1182 répondants) pour comprendre en profondeur les effets de ce renouvellement massif. D’un point de vue managérial, nous proposons que les conditions particulières expérimentées par les jeunes recrutés à leur entrée dans l’entreprise conduisent à la naissance d’une nouvelle génération organisationnelle. Nous accompagnons l’entreprise dans la prise en compte de la durabilité des effets de cette expérience sur les attitudes au travail, au delà des effets Génération Y. D’un point de vue théorique, nous introduisons le concept d’empreinte générationnelle organisationnelle en tant que marque distinctive d’une génération organisationnelle. Nous définissons ainsi les conditions du travail qui marquent cette empreinte ; les mécanismes par lesquels l’empreinte se forme en soulignant la part des tensions de rôle ; et les antécédents qui engendrent une nouvelle génération organisationnelle. Dans ce cheminement, nous mettons à jour certains effets non anticipés du renouvellement, notamment sur les agents socialisateurs et sur la culture organisationnelle. A travers nos actions, nous contribuons à la reconnaissance de l’effort exigeant que représente l’intégration des jeunes recrutés par le corps social. / Much is written down about generations at work in general media, managerial press and academic journals in connection with demographic stakes in postmodern societies. In most writings, generational effects are considered as a social phenomenon that imposes itself upon organizations, compelling them to adapt to Generation Y (and Z coming up) behaviors. This approach doesn’t take into account organizational socialization effects on newcomers. Building up on Joshi et al (2010, 2011) work, we bring together theoretical frameworks on generations and organizational socialization to empirically investigate organizational generations. Indeed, if generations are rooted in temporality, organizations have their own temporality, including founding events, trends and social reproduction modes. In this PhD dissertation, using action-research, we study the particular situation of ERDF (Electricité Réseau Distribution de France) which faces a massive generational renewal. We combine a qualitative pre-diagnosis, an ethnographic observation during 17 months and a survey (1182 respondents) to deeply understand the effects of this massive arrival. From a managerial point of view, we propose that the particular conditions that newcomers experiment at their entry in the company lead to a new organizational generation. We help the company to understand that this first experience of newcomers durably marks their attitudes at work, beyond Generation Y effects. From a theoretical point of view, we introduce the concept of organizational generational imprint as a distinctive mark of an organizational generation. We define the work conditions which mark the imprint; the mechanisms by which the imprint forms itself, underlying the part of role stress in them; and the antecedents that generate a new organizational generation. On the way, we reveal unanticipated effects of the renewal on insiders and organizational culture. Through our actions, we contribute to recognize the demanding effort required from insiders to integrate newcomers.

This thesis will concentrate on previous and current learning methods of French as a foreign language. This understanding will help to plot the rapidness of evolution within foreign-language teaching. In conjunction with this evolution the thesis will also give a brief overview of the exponential development of technology. It will focus specifically on how technology created a new way of learning. The aim of this thesis is to depict whether there is a need to adapt the French language classroom with the current learning technologies in use. The thesis will also show that since people are different and since each generation differs in its learning preference, that technology can help to bridge the ever-growing gap between the learner and the learning material since people learn work on different ways. According to the proof that generations differ from each other and that the current young generation is referred to as the Net-generation, it will be clearly shown that this generation prefers to learn with technology. The correct mix of learning methods, learning technologies and different learning styles is one that is humanly impossible to achieve in a conventional way. It is on this basis then that the thesis will show that the correct e-learning technology should form an integral part of the new language classroom as it is the only solution to ensure that learning stays current and adaptive, and that it keeps on playing an important part in the evolution of mankind. Furthermore, a brief study will be conducted on the current and prospective use of e-learning technologies in the French language classroom of South Africa. / Thesis (MA (French))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Modern European Languages / unrestricted

The dramatic landscape of Norway has a long history of different events during the Phanerozoic. During the Caledonian orogeny, the basement became fractured, and during the warm climate in the Mesozoic, the fractures became deeply weathered. These fracture systems later became eroded, forming the main structures for valleys. The landscape today is characterized by an elevated plateau with deeply incised valleys. Several theories discuss when and how the landscape became elevated. The main theory for this suggests uplift events of the plateau during the Tertiary. The uplifts resulted in a later elevated landscape with erosional plateaux in different distinct levels. This often referred to as the Palaeic relief. The uplift events also followed formation of incised fluvial valleys. During the Quaternary, glaciers partly reshaped these valleys. This study aims to investigate the shape of these valleys, and how much they have been reshaped during the glaciations. The study further aims to investigates if the identified shapes within the valleys can be connected to pre-glacial landforms. To investigate this, satellite images and topographic maps have been studied. A digital terrain model (10 m resolution) were used to create topographic cross sections across eight valleys in southern Norway. This study identifies possible pre-glacial forms and fluvial generations within five of the investigated valleys. Three of the valleys show a gradual transition from a broad, glacial, U-shape near the coast to become a narrower, V-shaped, fluvial valley further inland. The analysis also shows that the joints and fractures affect the width of the valleys which has affected the amount of glacial erosion. The results of this study clearly show that old fluvial valley remains is common, even within these major glacial valleys of southern Norway.