3 Abstract Gravimetry is an enormously expanding geophysical exploration method during the last decade. Unfortunately the gravity inversion ambiguity problem introduces the necessity to constrain gravity model parameters by other independent data. Overview of gravity data processing and interpretation is presented. All stages of the project lifecycle are discussed with emphasis to the methodological aspects and new challenges introduced by common use of modern digital zero-length spring gravimeters. Special attention is drawn on approaches used in the presented case histories projects. Description of the interpretation stage of the project concentrates on constraining of gravity model parameters with a complex of geophysical and geological data in order to reduce ambiguity of the inversion process in gravimetry. In addition, approaches used for delineation of tectonic structures, an important aspect of the interpretation stage, are described. Three case histories examples are presented to demonstrate methodological aspects of the interpretation of gravity data. They are focused on environmental problems and tectonic structure assessment. The first project represents an attempt to use micro-gravity for determination of internal structure of an undocumented sealed landfill. The second project demonstrates...

This diploma thesis deals with application of geophysical methods in archeology, in the first part by an overview of the methods used for localization and analysis of historical anthropogenic cavities for archeological purposes. In the second part of the thesis, the application of selected methods on a specific locality is described. The initial part of the work summarizes information regarding the geophysical localization of historical anthropogenic cavities, thus underground objects, created by human activity. Their general and physical characteristics are introduced, as well as the specifics associated with their geophysical search, and the principles for choosing a method based on the parameters of the given object. The most frequently used methods in the survey of anthropogenic cavities include gravimetry, geoelectrical DC resistivity methods (symmetric resistivity profiling and electrical resistivity tomography), electromagnetic methods (ground penetrating radar and dipole electromagnetic profiling) and thermometry. A fundamental part of the diploma thesis is devoted to a comprehensive geophysical examination of the archaeological site. The location of the exploration work was the Chateau Garden in Teplice (North Bohemia), below which there are historical cellars. Ground penetrating radar,...

The Master's thesis "Geophysical survey in the area of the mediaeval fortress in Popovice" is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical and summarizes the possibilities of using electrical resistivity tomography method (ERT) in archaeology. The second part deals with the actual geophysical prospecting in the area of the mediaeval fortress in Popovice (Benešov county). General information on the locality including geological setting, past geophysical exploration in the area, history of the object, archaeological findings and overview of construction development are addressed in this part, prior to the description of the field measurements. Methods used on the site are then specified: symmetrical resistivity profiling, dipole electromagnetic profiling, electrical resistivity tomography and ground penetrating radar. Subsequently, the process of field measuring in the area of the fortress is described and the data processing methods are discussed. The results of these measurements and their interpretation on the basis of compiled geophysical maps and sections are presented finally. Key words: geophysical survey, archaeology, fortress in Popovice (Benešov county).

SUMMARY: The diploma thesis is focused on application of natural science methods - geophysics and above all geochemistry - in archaeology. Geophysical and geochemical techniques have become an integral part of non-destructive archaeology over time. While geophysical methods have been practiced in a wide array of archaeological surveys for many decades, geochemical methods have been used to a greater extent up to in recent years. In addition, the application of geochemistry in archaeology is, in most cases, limited only to the analysis of phosphates in soil applied to small spatial units. The potential of geochemistry in dealing with archaeological issues remains still unused due to the limited understanding of the context. This is also reflected in the absence of publications that would allow a good-quality interpretation of geochemical data in connection with archaeology. Geophysical and geochemical procedures were applied during the survey of the selected area in the locality of Hillfort Vinoř, located on the northeastern outskirts of Prague. The aim of this survey was to contribute to the widening of the existing knowledge of the locality with an emphasis on the wider context. Two methods were chosen for the geophysical survey - dipole electromagnetic profiling (DEMP) and electrical resistivity...

Title: Geophysical survey for deep geothermal energy exploitation at the site Nova Paka Author: Magda Karousová Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Miloš Karous, DrSc. Supervisor's e-mail address: karous@geonika.com The topic of this thesis is a literature search of geological, geophysical, and geothermal information about wider surroundings of the area of Nova Paka and a complete geophysical survey focused on mapping of deeper fault zones and verification of Permo-Carboniferous sediments thickness. The area has been preliminarily assessed as promising for the use of deep geothermal energy. It belongs to the south-western part of Krkonoše Piedmont Basin. The bedrock of the basin is formed by Proterozoic metamorphites. Heating of surrounding rocks by intrusions of local volcanics during the Younger Tertiary is considered important for geothermal applications. The cover of metamorphic bedrock by sediments may indicate accumulation of the heat from the bedrock at relatively shallow depths of several hundred meters. Geophysical measurements, namely reflection and refraction seismics, gravimetry and resistivity profiling identified two major fault zones of east-west and northwest-southeast direction. The interpretation of the data obtained by geophysical sounding methods, namely seismic reflection and vertical...

The Větrníky national nature reserve, located in the South Moravian region north of the village of Letonice, is one of the largest steppe reserves in Southern Moravia. This whole area is characterized by the presence of both stable and active landslides, and the occurrence of suffosion sinkholes has been monitored there in the long-term. The aim of the thesis was to investigate whether it was possible to observe subsurface phenomena, caused by the washing out of fine rock particles by ground water, by means of geophysical methods. This phenomenon is known as suffosion. The measurements took place in the areas where the suffosion manifestation was very distinctive, that is around two sinkholes that were visible on the surface. In order to identify the suffosion structural-geological causes and their manifestations at a given location, the gravimetric and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) methods were used in the first stage of the research. Measured data was further processed and geologically interpreted. The gravimetric method has proved suitable when identifying rocks affected by suffosion, in which case we assume that their density is lower than the density of the surrounding rocks. Using the ERT method, it was possible, in the vertical profile, to distinguish the sandy-gravelly sediments...

This theses is focused on the description of subsurface in the area of interest - Kopaninský and Jenínský stream catchment - and consequently thy most accurate interpretation depth of impermeable bedrock. Geophysical multicable metod (ERT - electrical resistivity tomography") was selected for field measurements. This method of geophysical survey provides the information on subsurface structures, verifies hypotheses and brings new information on the lithological and structural conditions below the surface. ERT measurements were performed automatically by geoelektrical ARES device in combination with inteligent electrodes. The data obtained by field measurements were plotter in the form of resistive sections (using ReS2DInv software) which were used for the later interpretation. The given results determine the depth and process of impermeable bedrock which are important for more accurate data inputs like for modeling rainfall-runoff processes especially in the field of calibration and validation of each adjustment of models as well as for the next other hydrogical analyzes and studies carried out in the research projects. The purpose of this work is to determine the depth of impermeable bedrock and could serve as a data input for MIKE SHE hydrological modeling.

Master's thesis deals with the micro-region Klánovice's forest and its surroundings on the eastern edge of the City Prague. This area has not been given comprehensive attention yet. The findings are based on a critical review of the humble written and archaeological sources relating to the concerned area. In addition, was made, analysis of archaeological excavation, which was carried out on the deserted village Hol and also geophysical survey from the same site. Based on the lessons learned to better classify and discuss the role of this area in the hinterland of high medieval Prague. Keywords: deserted village, Klánovice forest, Hol, geophysical survey, ceramics, agricultural margins land, high middle ages

This thesis deals with gamma-ray field of size-limited uranium objects and with possibilities of their localization by a field radiometric measurement. The gamma-ray field attenuates progressively with distance from the ground source of radiation. The applied method of radiometric survey plays an important role in localization of a radioactive object. The gamma- ray field of uranium anomalous objects was studied for variable signatures of ground anomalous objects and different methods of gamma-ray survey by using mathematical modelling. The method of modelling was derived from fundamental theoretical laws describing the gamma-ray field of a point source. The verification of applied mathematical modelling was carried out by the comparison of calculated model of the gamma-ray field at three real uranium anomalous objects with experimental data of ground and mini-airborne measurement. Mini-airborne measurement was realized by the prototype of a gamma spectrometer Georadis D230A. This instrument is characterized by relatively high sensitivity compared to previously used similar devices. Airborne platform was a hexacopter Kingfischer. One of the aims of this thesis was to assess the applicability and technical capacity of D230A instrument. Calculated values of the gamma-ray field at different detection...