Inaug.-diss.--Münster. / Lebenslauf. "Quellen und schrifttum": p. 231-234.

Inaug.-diss.--Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen. / Vita. "Die ganze Arbeit erscheint mit erläuternden Tafeln in Band III des 'Archivs für Urkundenforschung'"

Inaug.-Diss.--Münster. / Vita. Bibliography: p. iii-iv.

Inaug.-Diss.--Münster. / Vita. Bibliography: p. iii-iv.

Inaug.-Diss.--Tübingen. / Vita. Bibliography: p. [ix]-x.

Sustained gastroesophageal reflux (GER) causes airway inflammation and can be considered as a potential trigger of asthma. There are complex neural innervations and reflex mechanisms between trachea and esophagus, and close proximity between them also provide a chance that trachea and esophagus could heavily interact with each other. The studies of the interactions between trachea and esophagus began early, but how gastric contents in the esophagus cause airway inflammation are still not completely understood. In this study, we will observe the extent of airway inflammatory response of the Long Evans rats induced by intraesophageal infusion of different inflammatory agents. We simulated the condition of inflammatory substances in the esophagus by intraesophageal infusion of either capsaicin or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). At the different time point after infusion of inflammatory substances, rats were sacrificed for the analysis of the amount of the plasma leakage in the lower airways and esophagus. The amount of plasma leakage was expressed by the area density of India ink-labeled leaky blood vessels in tissue whole mounts. From the previous studies, we realize that neural reflexes played an important role in GER-induced airway inflammation. In this research, we further studied whether vagus nerves were involved in this neural reflex pathway by the pretreatment of bilateral vagotomy. Free radicals generated by the oxidation of 6-OHDA and capsaicin damage the airway epithelium, and lead to the liberation of cellular contents and cytokines that will augment the inflammatory response. Free radicals also activate NF-£eB pathway and will further enhance the inflammatory response. We evaluate the extent of these free radicals involved in GER-induced airway inflammation, by pretreatment with a hydroxyl radical scavenger -dimethylthiourea (DMTU). Our results showed that plasma leakage in the airway increased time-dependently from 5 to 15 min after the infusion of 5 £gg/ml/kg of capsaicin. This response peaked at 15 min, and gradually diminished after 30 min of capsaicin application. Plasma leakage in the airways caused by the application of 10 mg/ml/kg of 6-OHDA also increased time-dependently and peaked at 30 min. We also demonstrated that the vagus nerve played an important role in GER-induced airway inflammation. Because bilateral vagotomy significantly alleviated the airway inflammatory response caused by the application of capsaicin. Free radicals also involved in this process, because pretreatment with (2.25 g/kg, i.v.) DMTU significantly lowered the amount of plasma leakage caused by capsaicin and 6-OHDA.

Unter standardisierten Bedingungen wurden sechzehn weibliche Hybride aus Gerfalken (Falco rusticolus) und Wanderfalken (Falco peregrinus) mit 9 mg/kg Körpermasse (KM) des Kombinationspräparates Alphaxalon/Alphadolon anästhesiert; die Applikation erfolgte in die Vena ulnaris. Das Alter der Tiere betrug vier Jahre und die durchschnittliche KM 1204,71 ± 70,46 g. Alle in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Tiere waren klinisch gesund. Folgende Parameter wurden einmal präanästhetisch, einmal im Verlauf der Anästhesie, sowie einmal postanästhetisch bestimmt: Körperinnentemperatur, Herzfrequenz, Atemfrequenz, endexspiratorische Kohlendioxidkonzentration, periphere Sauerstoffsättigung, venöse Blutgase und Säure-Basenstatus. Zusätzlich wurden in regelmäßigen Intervallen Reflexe, Muskeltonus und Schmerzempfinden überprüft. Auf die kurze Einleitphase (< 10 s) folgte eine für kleinere chirurgische Eingriffe ausreichende Toleranzphase (8,6 ± 1,1 min). Die Aufwachphase betrug 32,0 ± 4,0 min. Während der Anästhesie kam es zu einem hochsignifikanten Anstieg des venösen Kohlendioxid-Partialdruckes (42,94 ± 9,20 mmHg auf 57,13 ± 8,06 mmHg; p 0,001). Er wurde durch einen hochsignifikanten Anstieg der Atemfrequenz (27,56 ± 3,67 Züge/min auf 60,25 ± 14,75 Züge/min; p 0,001) adäquat kompensiert, so dass der venöse pH-Wert nur auf 7,34 abfiel und der venöse Sauerstoff-Partialdruck, sowie das Standardbikarbonat während des Beobachtungszeitraumes keiner signifikanten Veränderung unterlagen. Die Befunde zeigen, dass das Kombinationspräparat Alphaxalon/Alphadolon für Ger-/Wanderfalkenhybriden zur Kurzzeitanästhesie für weiterführende Diagnostik, kurze chirurgische Eingriffe oder zur Prämedikation einer Inhalationsanästhesie in oben genannter Dosierung empfohlen werden kann, wobei die Kürze der Einleitphase besonders hervorzuheben ist. Bei Tieren mit Hepatopathien ist von der Verwendung der Anästhetikakombination wegen einer möglichen verzögerten Metabolisierung abzusehen. / Sixteen female gyr- (falco rusticolus) and peregrine falcon (falco peregrinus) crossbreeds were anaesthetised with 9 mg/kg bodymass of the combinated anaesthetic alphaxalone/alphadolone, applicated into the brachial vein. The birds were 4 years of age and the mean bodymass was 1204,71 ± 70,46 g. All the birds included in this study were clinically healthy. The following parameters were measured once before, once during and once after anaesthesia: Body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide (pCO2), arterial oxygen saturation (O2-Sat.), venous blood-gas and acid/base-status. Additionally body reflexes, muscle relaxation and pain stimuli were checked at regular intervals. Following the short induction time (<10 s), a surgical plane of anaesthesia long enough for minor surgery (8,6 ± 1,1 min) was achieved. The recovery time lasted 32,0 ± 4,0 min. During anaesthesia the pvCO2 significantly increased from initially 42,94 ± 9,2 mmHg to 57,13 ± 8,06 mmHg. It was adequately compensated by an increase of the respiratory rate from initially 27,56 ± 3,67 min.-1 to 60,25 ± 14,75 min.-1, so that the venous pH-value dropped only to 7,34. The pvO2 and standard bicarbonate did not change significantly during observation. These results suggest that the combinated anaesthetic alphaxalone/alphadolone can be recommended at the dosage mentioned above as short-term anaesthesia for diagnostic measures, minor surgical procedures or premedication to inhalation anaesthesia. The brief induction time should be emphasized. It is advisable to be careful in animals with liver diseases, where this combination could underly a reduced metabolism.

Inaug.-Diss.: Philosophisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät: Basel: 1977. _ Résumé en allemand, anglais et français. _ Bibliogr. p. 232-241.

Thesis--Göttingen. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references and index.

Thesis--Marburg. / Vita. "Quellennachweis": p. [7-8].