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Diese Arbeit betrachtet das Thema ‚Besitzerwerb’ mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Stellung der Hilfsperson – nämlich, Stellvertreter bzw. Besitzdiener - bei diesem Rechtsinstitut. Vor der eigentlichen Behandlung des Hauptthemas finden sich allgemeine Betrachtungen und Analysen des Besitzes und dessen Erwerb und die Darstellung der rechtshistorischen Entwicklung des Besitzes. Die hier behandelten Themen werden nicht nur von der Rechtsdogmatik, sondern auch von der Rechtssprechung her untersucht, wobei die Entscheidungen in einigen, bestimmten Fällen, die in der rechtswissenschaftlichen Diskussion Mustercharakter erlangt haben, und als Anknüpfungspunkt zur Entwicklung und Festigung der Rechtslehre dienen dargestellt werden. Es wird ebenso versucht klar darzustellen, inwieweit sich die Rechtsauffassung des Besitzerwerbs durch Hilfspersonen von dem traditionellen, römischgemeinrechtlichen Vorbild der Dienerschaft aus zu einer typologischen, sachverhaltsnäheren Besitzerwerbslehre hat entwickeln lassen. / The following dissertation deals with the possession and its acquisition throughout an auxiliary (working) person – an agent and/or a possession’s server. It shows how the Civil law institute under assessment has historically developed and how the German legal theory and courts have been treated the legal acquisition of possession when a service or working relationship is involved by a mediation of possession and its acquisition. Therefore, the present work focuses on a deal of court decisions which have developed to leading cases relating that subject matter. It handles also with the development of the legal theory of possession in the sense that it aims to clarify by which means the German jurisprudence has developed from the traditional Roman law based theory of the servitude of possession towards a typological and case law based theory of the acquisition of possession through a third auxiliary person.

This thesis deals with compensation for immaterial damages in the Czech Republic and Germany with focus on personal injuries and a specific question of wrongful birth and wrongful life actions. Its aim is to describe the differences between both legislations. In the first part my work is concerned with a theoretical analysis of the conditions of damage liability in the tort law in both countries. The second chapter follows up with the definition of material and immaterial damages and the way and extent of their compensation. The third one is concentrated directly on personal injuries, it introduces the term and the range of persons entitled to a compensation and it analyses the way and extent of the compensation for personal injuries (above all the damages for pain and suffering) in the Czech Republic and Germany, with specific emphasis on the Methodology of the Czech Supreme Court on the compensation for immaterial damages in case of personal injuries. The fourth chapter is focused on an ethical and legally complicated question of wrongful birth and wrongful life actions.