The purpose of this study was to determine the current levels of global knowledge and attitudes of sixth grade elementary school students in Kaohsiung City; to compare the differences of students¡¦ global knowledge and their global attitudes between different personal background; to analyze the relations between students¡¦ global knowledge and their global attitudes, and to explore the forecasting abilities of students¡¦ global knowledge and global attitudes on students¡¦ personal background. The field of ¡§global knowledge¡¨, as used in this study, consists of four sub-categories that include world history and geography, global systems, global issues, and cross-cultural understanding. The filed of ¡§global attitudes¡¨, as used in this study, consists of five sub-categories that include the area of interdependence, the human rights, international cooperation, acceptance of people from other countries and a desire for peace, instead of war. The study took into consideration differences in knowledge and attitudes which stemmed from different backgrounds and experiences. The correlations among the knowledge, attitudes, and other variables, i.e., school location, gender, ethnicity, parents¡¦ social economic status, source of information, frequency of going abroad, and tutoring hours for learning English per week were explored. The researcher compiled questionnaires about global knowledge and global attitudes for the sixth graders in Kaohsiung City. The sample was consisted of 790 students with collected 749 valid questionnaires from public primary schools. The data was analyzed by using the SPSS software, Independent t test, One-way ANOVA, Scheff¡¦s method statistical methods ,Pearson Product-moment Correlation, and Stepwise Regression Analysis. The empirical results of the above study were synthesized as follows: (1)The average ratio of correct answers among sixth-graders in the area of global knowledge was 56.45 %, while performance levels across the four sub-fields varied. The best scores were achieved in global issues; the second highest in cross-cultural understanding, the third in global system, and the lowest scores, in world history and geography. (2) On a Likert scale of 1 to 5, the average score on the scale measuring global attitudes was fixed at a positive 4.31. The degree of inclination in attitudes toward five dimensions on the global attitude scale differed. The most positive attitude was toward the area of interdependence; the second favored the human rights; the third indicated international cooperation; the forth was acceptance of people from other countries and the final measurement of student attitudes confirmed a desire for peace, instead of war. (3) Students¡¦ global knowledge and global attitudes were positively correlated. (4) Variables of parents¡¦ social economic status, tutoring hours for learning English per week and school location proved to be reliable predictors of different levels in the global knowledge possessed by the sixth grade students participating in the study. Students who were high parents¡¦ social economic status had higher scores than those who were low. Students whose tutoring hours were longer for learning English, scored higher than those who have not. School location was near to urban area, also scored higher than that was far from urban area. (5)Variables of school location, tutoring hours for learning English per week, parents¡¦ social economic status, and gender proved to be reliable predictors of different levels in the global attitudes possessed by the sixth grade students participating in the study. When school location was nearer to urban area, students¡¦ global attitudes were more positive; Students¡¦ tutoring hours for learning English per week were longer, their global attitudes were more positive. Students with higher parents¡¦ social economic status showed more positive attitudes. Female students¡¦ global attitudes were more positive than males. According to the results of this study, the researcher makes some suggestions for families, primary schools, the society and the future investigations.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-210). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, August 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Sept. 9, 2009). "Department of Psychology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-188).

Thesis (M.A. in communication)--Washington State University, May 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-57).

Orientadores: Antonio Carlos Zuffo, Rozely Ferreira dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T09:41:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PaivaSobrinho_Ranulfo1_M.pdf: 1791729 bytes, checksum: 787620cb6a44e874ece86d8e0332fbe2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Um dos efeitos do aquecimento global é o aumento da ocorrência de precipitações extremas, as quais podem gerar diversos impactos negativos às áreas rurais, como enchentes e erosão. Assim, nas áreas de produção agrícola, como as da cana-de-açúcar, é importante que os usos da terra estejam distribuídos ao longo da bacia de modo a minimizarem os processos de escoamento superficial e de erosão perante tais eventos extremos. Além disso, que tais usos possam auxiliar no seqüestro de carbono, reduzindo os gases de efeito estufa. Diante desses critérios, este trabalho foi desenvolvido em uma área produtora de cana-de-açúcar, com problemas ambientais, e partindo-se do cenário atual, gerou-se novos cenários que atendam os requisitos legais ambientais, possam gerar lucro e ocupação de mão-de-obra, além de minimizar o escoamento superficial, a erosão, e aumentar o seqüestro de carbono. Foram utilizadas modelagem espacial dinâmica, ecologia da paisagem, valoração econômica, para quantificar cada cenário perante os critérios selecionados. Após isso, atribuindo-se funções de valores a cada critério, utilizou-se o método multicriterial, Compromise Programming (CP) para selecionar os melhores cenários. A utilização dos vários métodos mostrou-se adequada perante os propósitos do trabalho. / Abstract: One of the global warming effects is the increase of extreme rainfalls, which can cause many negative impacts to rural areas, such as floods and erosion. So, it is important that an equitable land use is distributed along river basins, especially in the ones where there are agricultural fields, since it can help to minimize runoff and soil erosion caused by extreme events. Furthermore, culture or cultures that help in carbon absorption presented in the atmosphere are able to reduce gases responsible for the green house effect. In this context, this work is developed in a sugar cane production area, which presents environmental problems, and aims to create scenarios that respects legal issues, generates profits, helps land occupation, settles labor force, minimizes runoff and soil erosion and increases carbon absorption. The reference scenario is the one found today, just as it is, and the produced ones are made with the assistance of a GIS tool - IDRISI. GIS also helps in the spatial dynamic modeling, landscape ecology characterization and value ration of economical issues, in order to quantify and compare each produced scenario, according to the chosen criteria. The Compromise Programming (CP) multi-criteria method is chosen to rank these scenarios and proved itself to be an effective tool. It is produced 14 different scenarios, taking into account 11 criteria (3 economical, 3 social, 3 environmental and 2 technical), in 2 different weights scenarios; one is to assess the 14 alternatives and the other is to verify the economical sustainability of the best alternatives. So, the economical criteria have theirs weights tripled. The three best alternatives pointed out by the CP remained the same despite the weights scenario, which proves their sustainability. / Mestrado / Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

This thesis asked two research questions: 1) how are the Climate Disclosure Standards Board (CDSB) and ClimateWise designed to achieve their objectives and 2) what explains the emergence of these unique initiatives? In answer to the first question, the thesis argues that the CDSB and ClimateWise adopt an “unconventional” approach to environmental co-regulation that embraces what I call “cognitive governance” within accounting (CDSB) and insurance (ClimateWise) markets. Many scholars describe environmental co-regulation as a voluntary agreement between transnational corporations (TNCs) and environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) to enforce best practice standards that improve corporate environmental performance without the use of state authority. Cognitive governance employs a more unconventional approach to co-regulation by trying to embed financial knowledge that links a firm’s environmental performance to financial risks throughout the global economy vis-à-vis an expansion of state authority. More specifically, the CDSB and ClimateWise use best practice standards to leverage accounting and insurance knowledge in generating a technical and political consensus that supports expanding public regulation to govern financial risks related to climate change. In answer the second question, the thesis argues that this unconventional co-regulatory strategy adopted by the CDSB and ClimateWise emerged in response to three factors. First, financial firms (in addition to corporate emitters in the case of the CDSB) had material interests in using public regulation to govern climate change risks. Second, these actors realized that collaboration was needed to generate a technical and political consensus among constituencies willing to support public regulation governing climate change risks. Third, ENGOs existed that had interests in using their technical expertise and political capacity to help generate this needed consensus through co-regulation. The thesis makes three contributions to the advancement of scholarly knowledge in the fields of international political economy (IPE) and global environmental politics (GEP). First, IPE and GEP scholars have have largely overlooked the emergence of environmental co-regulation in financial markets, and in particular, have yet to analyze the CDSB and ClimateWise. This study addresses this gap by revealing an effort to mobilize the accounting and insurance industry in strengthening global climate governance. Second, scholars have also tended to view co-regulation through a “post-Westphalian” lens that sees co-regulation as designed to pre-empt or generate an alternative to public regulation. The CDSB and ClimateWise’s strategy, and the factors that explain the creation of these initiatives, challenge this perspective. Third, analysis of this strategy also contributes to emerging scholarship on the influence of “cognition” in shaping market actors’ behavior in conditions of uncertainty.

This thesis asked two research questions: 1) how are the Climate Disclosure Standards Board (CDSB) and ClimateWise designed to achieve their objectives and 2) what explains the emergence of these unique initiatives? In answer to the first question, the thesis argues that the CDSB and ClimateWise adopt an “unconventional” approach to environmental co-regulation that embraces what I call “cognitive governance” within accounting (CDSB) and insurance (ClimateWise) markets. Many scholars describe environmental co-regulation as a voluntary agreement between transnational corporations (TNCs) and environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) to enforce best practice standards that improve corporate environmental performance without the use of state authority. Cognitive governance employs a more unconventional approach to co-regulation by trying to embed financial knowledge that links a firm’s environmental performance to financial risks throughout the global economy vis-à-vis an expansion of state authority. More specifically, the CDSB and ClimateWise use best practice standards to leverage accounting and insurance knowledge in generating a technical and political consensus that supports expanding public regulation to govern financial risks related to climate change. In answer the second question, the thesis argues that this unconventional co-regulatory strategy adopted by the CDSB and ClimateWise emerged in response to three factors. First, financial firms (in addition to corporate emitters in the case of the CDSB) had material interests in using public regulation to govern climate change risks. Second, these actors realized that collaboration was needed to generate a technical and political consensus among constituencies willing to support public regulation governing climate change risks. Third, ENGOs existed that had interests in using their technical expertise and political capacity to help generate this needed consensus through co-regulation. The thesis makes three contributions to the advancement of scholarly knowledge in the fields of international political economy (IPE) and global environmental politics (GEP). First, IPE and GEP scholars have have largely overlooked the emergence of environmental co-regulation in financial markets, and in particular, have yet to analyze the CDSB and ClimateWise. This study addresses this gap by revealing an effort to mobilize the accounting and insurance industry in strengthening global climate governance. Second, scholars have also tended to view co-regulation through a “post-Westphalian” lens that sees co-regulation as designed to pre-empt or generate an alternative to public regulation. The CDSB and ClimateWise’s strategy, and the factors that explain the creation of these initiatives, challenge this perspective. Third, analysis of this strategy also contributes to emerging scholarship on the influence of “cognition” in shaping market actors’ behavior in conditions of uncertainty.

Zugl.: Diplomarbeit.

Zugl.: Landshut, Fachhochsch., Diplomarbeit, 2006.

Zugl.: Oestrich-Winkel, Europ. Business School, Diss., 2008.