The aim of this thesis was to find the seeds of Czech interest in the topic of female genital mutilation using a spectrum of approaches, as well as the experience of experts on this topic. The research consists of two main parts. The first part is devoted to the mapping of the institutional network; the second one to personal stories. Interviews with narrators have been analyzed using the method of triple coding. Themes that reveal the narrators' opinions about and attitudes towards female genital mutilation have been explored in the analysis in particular. In terms of theoretical approaches, the thesis explores whether it is possible to frame the debate on female genital mutilation in the Czech context using the various theses of global feminism and whether there is a general interest in this issue and its solutions. Key words: female genital mutilation, global and multicultural feminism, postcolonial feminism, institutional network, gender order, global North, global South

The thesis identifies four modes of action and cooperation of transnational networks of GROs by taking the Tanzania Urban Poor Federation (TUPF), a sub-network of Shack Slum Dweller International (SDI), as an example. Based on the understanding of “interpretive network analysis” (Schindler 2006: pp. 100-101), qualitative and quantitative methodologies of data collection and analysis (expert interviews, member survey, on-site visits of projects, review of TUPF and SDI reports) have been applied in the course of field research. Analysis took place based on a set of criteria regarding the current state of knowledge of typologies, structures, processes, dynamics and preconditions for stable, effective networks. Furthermore, mechanisms for network governance are also taken into account. The selected cases represent a range of issues, applied instruments, different modes of cooperation and scopes of action. Based on the set of criteria, the examination is intended to address questions concerning the relevance of local embeddedness and the capability of the local communities of the TUPF to enter into cross-sectoral and cross-level cooperation. Based on these insights, effects for the scope of action, the empowerment of the actors involved and the development of marginalized settlements are indentified. The case-study research on the basis of the TUPF and SDI verifies the potential of networks for the dissemination of knowledge and the creation of social capital and multidimensional cooperation. However, the analysed modes of action and cooperation develop different degrees of capacities regarding these issues. In this context, the assumed interrelation between the degree of extension of the scope of action and the capability to create multidimensional cooperation in the course of networking activities becomes clear. The cases of the TUPF and SDI show that transnational networks of GROs are able to develop cooperation structures and development strategies involving features of integrated approaches which are spatially and socially embedded in local communities and also benefit from transnational and crosssectoral cooperation. The aspects highlighted above represent a range of potentials and preconditions which turned out to be relevant and important for the activities and processes of local communities within the network. These final results are intended to provide guidance for the development of beneficial structures by governmental actors and development organizations. Furthermore, they should be integrated into a reconsideration of cooperation strategies in the course of urban management processes and development approaches to reduce urban poverty.

Infrastructural projects to realize the energy transition are framed by governmentsfrom all around the world very positively. This is also the case for green hydrogen,which is considered as a silver bullet to solve multiple crises simultaneously. ThisMaster thesis explores the drivers behind the ramp-up of the hydrogen economy inthe global South and elaborates on socio-economic and ecological implications ofgreen hydrogen production projects to analyse the truthfulness of the positivenarratives of the benefits of green hydrogen. To accomplish this, an internationalgreen hydrogen project led by the German-British company Hyphen and planned tobe established in Namibia, was used as an emblematic case study. Following the framework of the socioecological fix, the findings strongly indicatethat green hydrogen does not significantly contribute in solving the climate crisis andsocial problems. Contrarily, strongly influenced by domestic and internationalpolitics, the project in Namibia seems to primarily fix the crisis of capitalism, which isthe overaccumulation of capital that requires new ways of circulation to makecapitalism renew itself. By commodifying and integrating natural resources in globalvalue chains, the Namibian society is disadvantaged, and few actors, primarily fromabroad, profit. Similarly, the finance approach of the project pushes Namibia intopotential financial dependencies. Besides that, the legacy from German colonialismand South African occupation before liberation is manifested in where and how theinfrastructure of hydrogen production is envisioned and planned. There is a risk thatthe hegemonies of elite social classes sustain their position and that social inequalitiesmight be reinforced through a project heralded as benefitting the whole nation. By assessing the political ecology of green hydrogen, I contribute to a critical researchagenda, that considers global inequalities, colonial histories, and ideologies. This willhopefully help to build a foundation for a truly decolonial and just energy transition,all around the world. / Infrastrukturprojekt som bidrar till realiseringen av energiomställningen har fått enöverlag mycket positiv inramning av regeringar i världen. Detta gäller i synnerhetgrön vätgas vilket betraktas som en lösning till flertalet olika kriser. I denna master-uppsats undersöks drivkrafterna bakom den massiva ökningen av vätgas-ekonomin iden globala södern, samt de socioekonomiska och ekologiska konsekvenserna avprojekt som behandlar produktionen av grön vätgas. Vidare utvärderas huruvidaden positiva inramningen beskriver sanningen av dessa vätgasprojekt korrekt. Föratt uppnå detta användes ett grönt vätgasprojekt som leds av det tysk-brittiskakonsortiet Hyphen, och som planeras att etableras i Namibia, som en emblematiskfallstudie. Enligt ramverket socioekologisk fix som kommer från politisk ekologi,tyder resultaten starkt på att vätgas inte bidrar väsentligt till att lösa klimat-krisen ejheller sociala problem i den globala södern. Tvärtom, starkt påverkad av inhemskoch internationell politik, så verkar bidra till att lösa kapitalismens kristendens, vilketär överackumulering av kapital som kräver nya sätt för att cirkuleras så att kapital-ismen kan förnya sig själv. Genom att göra naturresurser till handelsvaror och integr-era dem i globala värdekedjor så riskerar det det namibiska samhället attmissgynnas, medan ett fåtal internationella aktörer tjänar på det. På samma sätt lederprojektets finansierings-strategi till att Namibia hamnar i ett potentiellt finansielltberoende. Dessutom syns arvet från tysk kolonialism och den sydafrikanskaapartheidregimens ockupation i och hur infrastrukturen för produktion av vätgasplaneras. På så sätt kan hegemoniska strukturer som vidmakthåller sociala eliter ochdärmed sociala ojämlikheter förstärkas genom ett projekt som sägs gynna helanationen. Genom att utvärdera den gröna vätgasens politiska ekologi bidrar jag tillen kritisk forskningsagenda som tar hänsyn till globala ojämlikheter, kolonialahistorier och olika ideologier. Detta kommer förhoppningsvis också att bidra till attrealisar en avkolonisering och rättvis energiomställning över hela världen.

Recently, the implementation of feminist foreign policy (FFP) has gained traction in the Global South. The trend is most visible in Latin America, where Mexico, Chile, and Colombia have announced their commitment to the policy. Nevertheless, FFP has been dominated in the Global North sphere as Sweden pioneered the policy in 2014. Establishing the policy outside the Global North raises the question of how a Western-based policy will be adapted to the Latin American context and understanding of feminism. This study has aimed to investigate the feminist understanding and contextualization present in Mexico's, Chile's, and Colombia's FFPs. Based on previous research, this study has developed a framework of a Global North and Global South feminist discourse to analyze the foreign policies through feminist theory. A discourse analysis focusing on the policy texts' implicit and explicit representation of the central concepts of feminism: Structures, Oppression, and Change has been conducted. The policies include central aspects of feminist thought. The Global North feminist discourse dominates the FFPs, but distinctive elements of the Global South feminist discourse are present and adapted to international norms. However, this study also finds that the FFPs lack an explicit aim to address the fundamental causes of structural inequality and oppression. While the FFPs can still be a unifying framework for governments to promote gender equality internationally, the findings of this study raise questions about the possibilities of state-centered institutions to address the root causes of unequal societies since foreign policy tends to contain oppressive structures in itself.

The cities of Africa and Asia are projected to account for 80 % of the future urban growth. Challenges brought forward by motorization and lack of accessibility; urban streets take a central position in the discussion of the sustainable city. This offers a considerable challenge in shaping cities while addressing climate change. Meanwhile there is lack of theorizations stemming from global South research. Planning models used for street planning comes from contexts far removed from the urban realities of the South. Sub-Saharan Africa has relatively low road network densities while experiencing a strong urban growth. The object of the study is Addis Ababa, a future megacity where street development is one of the central topics in the city’s planning.This thesis investigates the rationalities expressed by experts around street planning in Addis Ababa and how that shapes the planning discourse in the city. Methods employed are semi- structured interviews, desktop study and participant observations. The study uses conceptual tools from a wide range of literature on rationalities, research in the global South, extraversion, acting and action space of professionals.The results show how rationalities expressed can be understood as four rationality groupings 1) rationalities expressed regarding visions of the city, 2) rationalities expressed regarding the functions of streets, 3) rationalities expressed how to process a project and 4) rationalities expressed regarding relationship and power dynamics. Through the interplay between the rationality groupings a perceived space of action emerges. The rationalities influence what actors see as possible and desirable courses of action. The study concludes that all rationality groupings are not equal, instead visions of the city and relational rationalities seem to hold larger influence on shaping the streetscapes of Addis Ababa. Further, less rigid formulations of what constitutes the formal action space, allows third sector actors to influence and diffuse their rationalities into the city’s street planning process.

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Yes / As of April 2020, the IMF categorised seven African countries as being in debt distress, whilst identifying twelve more that were at high risk of becoming distress. It is no longer a secret that considered immutable and eternally binding, debt by the global south (i.e., poor developing African countries) has become a tool for imperial powers in the post-colonial world to enforce and perpetuate their dominance over the global south. This is despite serious global crises that emerge from, and/or were caused by the rich countries of the global north; specifically, the negative effects of the global financial crisis of 2008, devastating impact of Covid-19 pandemic, and impact of Russia-Ukraine war on the African economies and contribution to these debt vulnerabilities. Yet, the rich countries of the global north have insisted on these poor countries to continue financing their debts. The paper considers how African countries could legally cancel the repayment of the debts by relying on the principles of international law (such as pacta sunt servanda, limit to legal obligation to pay, force majeure, State of Necessity or rebus sic stantibus) and States’ declarations to commitment to sustainable development agenda (such as the European Union’s response to the adoption of the 2030 Agenda featured in its Commission’s 2016 Communication) could be used as justifying grounds for cancellation of Africa debts. The paper draws on international law and development in the light of dependency and postcolonial theories and employs the human rights-based approach, interdisciplinary and critical-analytical perspective and using qualitative empirical evidence from rich countries and institutions of the global north and poor developing countries of the global south for analysis.

Amsterdam and Dhaka are two cities that represent the global north and the global south respectively. Both cities are, because of climate change, prone to heavy rain that can lead to flooding. Due to the fact that global north and global south are facing different challenges when it comes to implementing urban resilience, in combination with lack understanding of how policy of urban resilience is created, it leads to question if the global north and global south differ regarding their understanding of urban resilience. The purpose of this study was therefore to compare narratives of urban resilience in Amsterdam and Dhaka to explore if the understanding of urban resilience in various documents differ between the global north and global south. Therefore, the study aimed to provide an understanding of whether who describes urban resilience is important for how urban resilience is presented. This study applied socio-ecological theory to explain whether the strategies implemented can be characterized as transformative or adaptive approach to urban resilience. Further, the study was conducted using qualitative narrative analysis. Finally, this study shows that narrative of urban resilience differs between Amsterdam and Dhaka, which indicates that the narrator has an impact on the presentation of urban resilience. The study also shows that narrative of urban resilience has an impact on which strategies are employed. Finally, power also plays an important role in crisis management.

With globalization the subject of partnership has become one of the main issues in World Mission. Partnerships are formed in all parts of the world in order to promote collaboration between churches, denominations, and mission organizations. Although good partner relationships are a desired objective, historical prejudices and cultural differences and bias lead to barriers which hinder good partnership relations. How can these barriers be overcome? Christian partnerships are usually only based on a collaboration of the partners and the Christian aspect in a relationship in World Mission is neglected. This study presents a theological basis for a Christian relationship in World Mission, coming from the creation of the human being in the image of God, the communion within the Trinity, especially the concepts of “kenosis” and “koinonia,” and the image of the Body of Christ. A second part of this study researches the historical and sociological aspects of partnership in order to identify barriers for a good partner relationship. The findings of the theological research will then be compared with the outcomes of the historical and sociological study and conclusions for an improvement should be presented. The foundation for mission-church relationship in a global context needs to be a spiritual relationship, since the acting partners come together on a basis of their Christian faith and are part of the universal Body of Christ. The kenotic attitude of the partners plays a major role in their relationship and the proposed model for functioning relationships in World Mission needs to be an organic-complementary communion. The last part then presents a new model for the relationship in World Mission, in which several elements of organic-complementary communion are described. These elements are living together in the Body of Christ, learning together, serving together, suffering and celebrating together, sharing together, working together, and discovering theology together. The study concludes with a proposal of a concept of a “common space” in order to show how such a new model could be lived out in the everyday relationships in World Mission. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)