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At this time, we know that climate change is a threat to all countries on earth and that governments are expected to take on a lot of responsibility in solving the issue. We know that framing is a tool that is frequently used by actors who want to communicate a message. What we do not know enough about is how governments make use of framing in their communication on climate change, to for example foster public engagement. This paper has answered this question by looking deeper into how three different governments describe the climate change issue with an analysis of framings based on their Nationally Determined Contributions. Through a qualitative content analysis of the documents, it was found that all three cases describe the climate change issue in terms of responsibility and economic consequences. Additional aspects of climate change that the countries focus on differ between the cases. This knowledge is important because it can help understand the challenges that governments see in fighting climate change, which can stand in the way for the global effort that is needed to fight climate change.

The Democratic Republic of Congo has been tormented with a rape epidemic ever since the beginning of the war in the mid-1990s. Sexual violence is frequently used as a “weapon of war” to humiliate and dehumanize the victims as well as destroy communities. This paper aims to investigate the gender-specific needs and concerns of male victims of conflict-related sexual violence in the DRC. In combination with this, McMullen’s theory on why male victims tend to not be taken into consideration as potential victims of conflict-related sexual violence will be integrated. Further, the findings will be used to critically analyze to what extent the needs of male victims have been taken into account in the UN Plan of Action. With the help of academic literature as well as news articles the two following research questions are attempted to be answered: 1) What are the gender-specific concerns of male victims of sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and how are they related to McMullen's theory on the neglect of men as potential rape victims? 2) Based on the findings on the gender-specific needs of male victims of conflict-related sexual violence, to what extent does the UN apply a gender-inclusive perspective in the Plan of Action? The conclusion of the study is that McMullen’s theory is closely related to the gender-specific concerns of male victims of sexual violence in the DRC. In addition, the analysis shows that there is a biased perspective in the UN report where women are mainly mentioned as victims and men as perpetrators which further results in the needs of male victims being neglected.

As global temperatures are rising, scientists call for urgent and drastic emission reductions to avoid facing irreversible consequences for planet and people. The year 2020, which was supposed to ignite what the United Nations called a ‘decade of action’ to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and climate mitigation targets, instead took an unexpected turn, with the emergence of a global pandemic of unprecedented measures. As societies worldwide are now faced with multiple crises, this thesis aims to explore how Sweden’s largest emitters describe the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the climate crisis. Through a qualitative content analysis and framing theory, annual and sustainability reports of three selected companies have been examined. The main finding is that companies do not frame the crises as interlinked, but rather as either intersecting or separate. However, for a more comprehensive answer, more extensive research about the framing of multiple crises is needed to understand and draw further conclusions on implications for the success of companies, their stakeholder relationships, and the broader global agenda of mitigating climate change. This thesis aims to add to the research debate on the Corona pandemic and its still ongoing effects on society and business.

Abstract: Due to limited data availability, previous studies assessing the status of climate adaptation at the municipal level are mostly limited to planned actions, which can at times be symbolic rather than substantive in nature. As a result, the true level of implementation of climate adaptation in cities has been difficult to estimate. This study uses survey data from 653 cities worldwide to firstly attempt to provide a clearer picture of global variations in the level of implementation of adaptation measures in cities, and secondly to investigate whether or not local governance structure might be able to explain these differences. Regional variations in the local-level implementation of climate adaptation were identified, though based on the results of this study’s OLS regression analysis, the cities’ varying constellations of local governance structure do not appear to be a driving factor behind these variations. However, to solidify the basis of this claim, further research incorporating more elements of local governance structure and a larger sample will be necessary as more data becomes available. An unexpected finding of this study was the much stronger correlation found between perceived level of climate risk by local representatives and the level of implementation of adaptation measures in cities, which may prove to be a more appropriate avenue for future research.

The concept of populism has been criticised for being vague and unclear, still it is used to describe something powerful, namely fierce mobilisations of support. The media frequently produces headlines labelling actors as populist and political actors tend to frame their political opponents as such, but what is populism really? The populist title is frequently associated with actors such as radical right-wing parties and Donald Trump, however this study aims to investigate an unexpected case. Given that the environmental movement Fridays for Future has carried out a fierce mobilisation of support, is it possible that there are any populist tendencies in ways of which the movement conveys its message? Using a qualitative content approach, this descriptive study examines ten speeches performed by representatives of the movement using a theoretical framework. The results indicate that the three core concepts of populism: ‘the elite’, ‘the people’ and ‘the general will’ are present in the Fridays for Future movement.

This study investigates how Venezuelan migration and migrants are framed in the U.S and Colombia. Drawing on theories about interpersonal contact and the gendered dimension of intergroup bias the paper argues that a broader and more understanding framing of migration and migrants is expected in Colombia. To investigate the hypothesis, an analysis of the newspapers El Tiempo and New York Times is conducted. The study uses a peace journalism model to analyze whether the articles employ an overall peace frame, which corresponds with a more nuanced and understanding view of the migrant experiences, or an overall conflict frame, which can be interpreted as a one-dimensional view with a focus on the negative effects of migration on the recipient society. The model is modified to enhance the framework in the form of adding a gender dimension. The study finds support for the hypothesis and demonstrates that Colombia and the U.S news coverage differs the most in terms of political conflict, gender, and migrant voice. However, in contrast to some of the previous research, a broad and understanding view on migrants and migration is prevalent in both Colombia and the U.S. These results highlight new opportunities for potential research areas.

The relationship between the Global North and the Global South is a complicated one, tainted with guilt, exploitation and the dilemma of if and how to help. Critically analyzing Global North activity in the Global South is of importance in further determining what role Global North actors should have in Global South development. By analyzing how an aid agency such as Sida views local populations in terms of power and hostility, this understanding can increase. By conducting a text analysis from Sida’s Human Rights Based Approach material and how it describes civilians, this essay draws the conclusion that Sida does not perceive the local population as being hostile. The perceived level of power of the local population varies from context to context, but Sida does not appear to consider assistance from the local population as crucial for successful project implementation. In projects regarding market development and health, the civilians are considered as especially passive, while their assistance is more welcome in projects related to research and migration. I posit that this thesis will contribute to the knowledge about development and aid actors’ long-term goals, and whether or not they want to help the local population or enable them to help themselves.

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