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The aim of this thesis was to determine the variability of the quantity of non-starch polysaccharides in grain malting spring barley (Bojos, Kangoo, Laudis 550, Malz, Sebastian Xanadu), winter barley (Wintmalt) non- malting varieties of winter barley (Jup, Lester, Nero), spring barley (Azita, Tocada, Wiebke) and food suitable varieties spring barley (Cesar AF, AF Lucius). Samples of barley grains were detected on the quantity of pentosans and beta-glucans. Pentosans were determined by the Douglas method. Beta-glucan content in grain by FIA (Flow Injection Analysis). The influence factors on the content of pentosans and beta-glucans between varieties have been tested at the 5% level of conclusiveness. The quantity of pentosanes in the grain was in the range from 2.28 to 5.95%. The lowest content of pentosans was found in malting varieties of spring barley Sebastian, the highest content by winter barley varieties Nero. The range of beta-glucan varied from 4.01 to 6.69%. The lowest content of beta-glucan was found in malting varieties of winter barley Wintmalt the highest in nutritionally appropriate to varieties of spring barley AF Cesar.

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This diploma thesis called "Optimization of beer brewing process with the addition of unconvential materials" focuses on the possibilities of using nopal powder for beer production. Introductory part of the literature review focuses on the standart and unconvential materials for beer production including characteristics of nopal (Opuncia ficus-indica). Another part of the review describes the process of beer production. Last part of the literature review focuses on non-starch polysaccharides in brewing industry. Practical part: beer samples with different concentrations of nopal powder were brewed at home microbrewery. Wort samples were collected for later viscosity measurements. Samples of beer were analyzed on automatic analyzer Fermentoflash, viscosity was measured and all beer samples passed sensory evaluation.

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An experiment was conducted with adding an agent based on 1,3 and 1,6 beta-glucans to standard cattle nutrition (TMR), which was regularly tested for content of some important mycotoxins, in order to gain knowledge about possible positive effect of this agent on the health of dairy cattle and about possible avoidance of negative effects of mycotoxins on dairy cattle due to their structural elimination caused by the agent. Using data from a control sample it is also able to determine some effects of mycotoxins contained in nutrition on dairy cattle in general. Throughout the four months long experiment, which took in place at Farm Sebranice in the Czech Republic, six groups of dairy cattle were fed alternately the standard nutrition and the above-discussed agent-enriched nutrition while data of their health state, milk yield and pregnancy rate were collected. Concerning health of cows, specifically the occurrence of mastitis, there was found no significant trend. The average milk yield of the dairy cows which were fed the agent enriched feed (30.2 kg a day) was slightly lower in comparison to control groups (31 kg a day, both results with P<0.001), however, fat content of milk of test groups' cows (4.02 %) was considerably higher than that of control groups' cows (3.79 %). The average pregnancy rate of cows which were fed the agent enriched feed also manifested considerable increase in percentage and stability (from 42.95 % of control groups' cows to 62.25 % of test groups' cows, the standard deviation decreased from 21.1 % to 14.4 % which means smaller differences among pregnancy rate of test groups' cows, hence higher stability), this increase manifested even long after the cows had been fed regular feed again

The main goal of this thesis was to analyse the amount of beta glucans in selected mushroom species. The overall characterization of the composition and content of bioactive compounds in mushrooms was studied too. The theoretical part was focused on description of Fungi, especially the Basidiomycota phyla. The overview of fungal morphology and chemical composition was elaborated. Further, theoretical basis of analytical methods used was introduced. In the experimental part, extracts from selected species of mushrooms (shiitake, oyster mushroom, white champignon, brown champignon and jew’s ear) were prepared. Overall group parameters such as polyphenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity were determined by spectrophotometry. The amount of beta-glucans in the fungi was measured after enzyme hydrolysis using commercial kit. The content and composition of fatty acids was measured by gas spectrometry. Using emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) the presence of heavy metals was analysed in fungal extracts. Cytotoxicity was tested by MTT test on human cell lines. In the last part the antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacterium Micrococcus luteus, Gram-negative Serratia marcescens and yeast Candida labrata was tested. In the thesis, a complex characterization of composition and biological effect of some mushrooms was given.

The aim of the diploma thesis is study of glucans production in selected species of yeasts, algae and plants. Cultivation conditions for yeast strains were performed to gain increased production of glucans under different temperature conditions and in media of different composition. Into the set of tested yeasts species strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CCY 6646), Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6), Phaffia rhodozyma (CCY 77-1), Rhodotorula glutinis (CCY 20-78-26) and Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum (CCY 17-18-4) were enrolled. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultivated as a control strain because of its verified production of -glucans. -glucans were determinated by the enzyme kit K-YBGL Megazyme. For comparison, algal strain Euglena gracilis (CCALA 349), some species of mushrooms (shiitake, oyster mushroom, garden champignon and Jew’s ear) and cereals (wheat, rye, oats, rice and barley) were analysed too. Further, fatty acid content in the yeast cells was determined by the GC/FID. The best producer of yeast -glucans was R. glutinis CCY 20-7-26, which showed the highest biomass production (12-14 g/l) and also a relatively high amount of -glucans (25-30 %), in cultivation at 15 °C in a medium containing yeast extract in combination with ammonium sulphate. The presence of -glucans has been demonstrated in the microalgae, Euglena gracilis CCALA 349, as well as in samples of higher fungi and cereals.