Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1986.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 119-140).

Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. / Committee Chair: Guldberg, Robert; Committee Member: McDevitt, Todd; Committee Member: Zamir, Evan. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

A jabuticabeira (Plinia sp.) é uma espécie de difícil propagação vegetativa e um protocolo eficiente para tal ainda não foi definido. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a eficiência de técnicas de propagação vegetativa da espécie e desenvolver um protocolo eficiente para desinfestação e estabelecimento inicial de explantes in vitro. Testou-se o potencial de enraizamento de estacas lenhosas de P. cauliflora, utilizando quatro concentrações de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) (0, 2000, 4000 e 6000 mg L-1) e dois procedimentos (corte vertical e anelamento da estaca); e o potencial de enraizamento de estacas apicais herbáceas de P. cauliflora, utilizando cinco concentrações de AIB (0, 2000, 4000, 6000 e 8000 mg L-1) e em duas épocas de implantação (outubro e dezembro). O percentual de enraizamento das estacas foi avaliado após 180 dias da implantação dos experimentos. Foi testada também a compatibilidade de enxertia de três espécies de jabuticabeira (P. cauliflora, P. trunciflora, P. jaboticaba) sobre porta-enxertos de P. cauliflora, em duas épocas de implantação (maio e agosto). Avaliou-se o percentual de enxertos brotados e o número e tamanho de brotos, após 90 dias da implantação. Para alporquia, foram testados dois diâmetros de ramo (1,0-1,5 cm e 2,0-2,5 cm) e duas larguras do anelamento (1,5 cm e 3,0 cm), na espécie P. cauliflora. Avaliou-se o percentual de enraizamento e o número e tamanho de raízes, após 180 dias da implantação do experimento. Testou-se também o período de imersão (5, 10 e 15 minutos) em hipoclorito de sódio a 1,25% no estabelecimento in vitro de explantes caulinares e radiculares de seedlings de P. trunciflora. Avaliou-se o percentual de contaminação e o número de brotos e folhas dos explantes, após 45 dias de incubação. Observouse que o enraizamento de estacas lenhosas é dependente da aplicação de AIB, sendo que o maior percentual de enraizamento (50%) foi obtido na maior concentração de AIB (6000 mg L-1) conjugada com o corte vertical. Para as estacas herbáceas, o enraizamento foi baixo (máximo de 10%). Entretanto, há o potencial de enraizamento e, por isso, ajustes na técnica devem ser testados para maximizá-lo. A enxertia e a alporquia são técnicas recomendáveis para propagação da jabuticabeira, pois proporcionam alto percentual de formação de mudas. Há compatibilidade aparente entre as três espécies enxertadas sobre P. cauliflora. A utilização de garfos retirados de plantas em frutificação deve ser evitada, pois ocorre inibição da brotação posterior dos enxertos. Na alporquia, ramos de diâmetro superior a 2,0 cm, proporcionam enraizamento de 87,5% e maior número e tamanho de raízes, em relação a ramos de menor diâmetro. A utilização do menor tempo de imersão (cinco minutos) em hipoclorito de sódio 1,25% é eficiente para desinfestação dos explantes caulinares de seedlings de jabuticabeira e permite seu estabelecimento inicial in vitro, proporcionando o desenvolvimento de brotações. / The jabuticaba tree is a specie of difficult vegetative propagation and an efficient protocol has not been defined yet. The aim of this work was to test the efficiency of vegetative propagation techniques for jabuticaba tree and develop an efficient protocol for disinfection and initial establishment of in vitro explants. It was tested the rooting potential of wood cutting of P. cauliflora, utilizing four concentrations of Indolbutiric Acid - IBA (0, 2000 , 4000 and 6000 mg L-1) and two procedures (cross section and cuttings girdling); and the rooting potential of softwood terminal cuttings of P. cauliflora, utilizing five concentrations of IBA (0, 2000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 mg L-1) in two periods of implantation (October and December 2007). The rooting potential of cuttings was evaluated after 180 days of the beginning of the experiments. It was also tested the compatibility of grafting of three species of jabuticaba tree (P. cauliflora, P. trunciflora, P. jaboticaba) on rootstocks of P. cauliflora, and two periods (May and August). It was evaluated the survival percentage of grafting, number and size of shoots, after 90 days of the beginning of the experiment. For air layering techniques, it was tested two diameters of branch (1.0-1.5 cm and 2.0-2.5 cm) and two widths of girdling (1.5 cm and 3.0 cm) in P. cauliflora. It was evaluated the rooting percentage, and number and size of roots, 180 days after the beginning of the experiment. It was also tested the period of immersion (5, 10, 15 minutes) in 1,25% sodium hypochlorite solution in the in vitro establishment of shoot and root of the seedlings explants of P. trunciflora. After 45 days of incubation it was evaluated the percentage of contamination and number of shoots and leaves in each explant. It was observed that rooting of wood cutting is dependent of application of IBA, so the biggest rooting percentage (50%) was obtained in biggest concentration of IBA (6000mg L-1) associated with cross section. For the softwood terminal cuttings, the rooting was small (maximum of 10%). Meantime, exist the potential of rooting, and, changes of technique must be tested for maximization. The grafting and the air layering techniques are recommended for jabuticaba tree propagations, because this techniques provide high percentage of plants formation. There is visible compatibility between the three species grafted on rootstocks of P. cauliflora. The utilization of grafts collected from plants in fructification should be avoided, because they reduce the percentage of plants establishment. In air layering techniques, branches with diameter of 2.0 cm provides higher percentage of rooting and the biggest number and size of roots in relation of branches with small diameter (1.0 to 1.5 cm). The utilization of less time in immersion (five minutes) in 1,25% sodium hypochlorite solution is efficient for shoots explants disinfestations of jabuticaba tree seedlings and allows the initial in vitro establishment, providing development of shootings.

Background: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) surgery is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures to improve the symptoms of coronary artery disease. The Long Saphenous Vein (LSV) is typically used as a graft to bypass the blocked coronary arteries. The traditional way of harvesting the LSV is to make a long skin incision in the patient's leg. This technique has a high rate of incidence of wound complications and postoperative pain and poorer patient satisfaction. Endoscopic Vein Harvesting (EVH) techniques, introduced more than a decade ago, reduce these complications and improve quality of life. Findings regarding the safety and efficacy of EVH techniques and the quality of the vessel harvested by this technique are contradictory. Adoption of EVH techniques is still inconsistent globally and it is not completely accepted by all cardiac centres. Many studies are available in the literature measuring either histological outcome or clinical outcome in relation to different harvesting techniques. However, there remains no definitive randomised data available directly correlating harvesting-induced vein damage with clinical outcome. The aim of this Vein Integrity and Clinical Outcome (VICO) randomised trial was designed to assess the direct relationship between the histological damage caused during different methods of vein harvesting and clinical outcome post coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods: 100 patients were randomised in each group: Group 1 consists of closed tunnel CO2 endoscopic vein harvesting (EVH) (CT-EVH) and Group 2 consists of open tunnel CO2 EVH (OT-EVH) with the control Group 3 consists of standard open vein harvesting (OVH) with a total of 300 patients in this study. All the veins were harvested by an experienced practitioner who has performed &gt;2000 OVH and &gt;250 EVH. 1cm x 3 segments from three different parts of the vein were obtained for all patients (n=900). The histological levels of damage (endothelial and muscular layers) of the harvested vein and post clinical outcome for Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) were measured using validated measuring tools. Health economic (cost effectiveness, EQ-5D) and health-related quality of life (SF-36) data were also recorded to assess the impact of these surgical techniques. Results: The level of endothelial disruption was greatest in the OT-EVH group in the proximal, distal and random samples (all p < 0.001). Internal muscle migration was greatest in OT-EVH compared to the other groups for proximal, distal and random samples (all p < 0.001). Smooth muscle circular layer detachment was observed on a much greater scale in the endoscopic groups compared to OVH in proximal (p=0.008), distal (p < 0.001) and random (p=0.001). Smooth muscle longitudinal layer detachment was consistent between groups in proximal (p=0.113) and distal (p=0.380) samples but was greater in endoscopic groups compared to OVH (p=0.012). Secondary clinical outcomes demonstrated no significant differences in composite MACE scores at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. The quality adjusted life in years (QALYs) gain per patient was: 0.11 (p < 0.001) for closed tunnel CO2 EVH and 0.07 (p=0.003) for open tunnel CO2 EVH compared with open vein harvesting. The likelihood of being cost-effective, at a pre-defined threshold of £20,000 per QALYs gained was: 75% for closed tunnel EVH, 19% for open tunnel EVH and 6% for open vein harvesting. Conclusion: In this study, open vein harvesting was associated with better preservation of vein layers in non-distended proximal samples than endoscopic vein harvesting. Both EVH groups displayed some degree of histological damage; OT-EVH was associated with more endothelial disruption. Clinical outcomes suggest that histological findings do not directly contribute to MACE outcomes. Gains in health status were observed and cost-effectiveness was better with CT-EVH compared with the other two surgical techniques. These results suggest that EVH can be utilised safely, but with careful selection of patients.

A cirurgia de reconstrução de mama é uma ferramenta cirúrgica de importância ímpar para reparar os defeitos e assimetrias causadas pelos vários tipos de tratamentos cirúrgicos do Câncer de mama. Várias técnicas e táticas têm sido demosntradas e aplicadas nos últimos anos. Muitos são os estágios em que se encontram os pacientes e vários são os esquemas de abordagem terapêutica para diferentes estágios e tipos histológicos que se apresentam. Tratamentos quimioterápicos pré ou pós-operatório, tratamento radioterápico no pós-operatório quase imediato, mastectomias preventivas, setores amplos em diferentes quadrantes, quadrantectomias, todos estes são vários aspectos de tratamento de uma mesma patologia, porém com estágios e características histológicas e moleculares diferenciadas. Como alternativa cirúrgica para reconstrução de mama em câncer de mama, nos casos em que está indicada a quadrantectomia e/ou setor de mama, independentemente da localização na mama, é que propusemos uma técnica de uso de enxerto autólogo da mama contralateral para manter a forma e a simetria mamária associada a técnicas cirúrgicas de mamoplastias. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o uso de enxerto de mama contralateral associada a outras técnicas de cirurgia mamária já descritas por outros autores e acompanhar o resultado quanto à estética e simetria mamária no pós-operatório imediato e após o tratamento radioterápico. Comparar os resultados com as mamas do pré-operatório e avaliar a simetria e a estética no pós-operatório. Métodos: Foram incluídos neste estudo 42 pacientes com diferentes tratamentos, porém todas com indicação cirúrgica semelhantes: setor de mama ou quadrantectomia, seguidos de radioterapia. Todos os casos foram fotografados no pré-operatório e mais de 3 meses pós-tratamento radioterápico. Foi utilizada uma escala contínua para avaliar o grau de simetria mamária no pós-operatório de mais de 3 meses de radioterapia. A escalala de medição se baseou numa régua milimétrica de 0 a 10 cm. Foi solicitado a quatro especialistas na área para colocar uma marca na escala com relação à simetria e ao aspecto estético das mamas. As notas de cada paciente foram avaliadas estatisticamente. Resultados: Os resultados foram estatisticamente significativos para a avaliação estética e para a simetria mamária pós-cirurgia e radioterapia. Conclusão: Cocluímos que o enxerto autólogo de mama contralateral em cirurgia de reconstrução de mama é um procedimento que, quando utilizado com outras técnicas, traz um resultado estético e simétrico adequado, desta forma mostrando mais uma alternativa para cirurgia de reconstrução mamária. / Background: The Breast Reconstruction surgery is a surgical tool of unparalleled importance to repair the defects and asymmetries caused by various types of surgical breast cancer treatment. Various techniques and tactics has been demonstrated and applied in recent years. Many patients are at different stages of the disease and several are the sorts of therapeutic approaches for different stages and histologic types that feature. Neo adjuvant chemotherapy treatments or postoperative chemotherapy, radiotherapy in almost immediately after surgery, preventive mastectomies, removing large breast tissue in different quadrants, quadrantectomies. All these are various aspects of treatment of the same disease however to different stages and histological and molecular characteristics. As a surgical alternative to breast reconstruction in breast cancer, where it is indicated quadrantectomy and or wide resection of breast tissue in the same quadrant, regardless of location in the breast that I proposed a technique contralateral breast grafiting replacement to keep shape and breast symmetry. Objetive: The aim of this study was to evaluate the contralateral breast graft associated with other breast surgery techniques already described by other authors, and follow the aesthetic result in the immediate postoperative period and after three months of radiotherapy. Compare the results with those of preoperative breast, and evaluate the symmetry postoperatively and proper aesthetic result. Methods: The study included 42 patients. Each case with different proposals for treatment, but all with similar surgical indication, wide resection of the breast or quadrantectomy, followed by radiotherapy. All cases were photographed in their preoperative, “pre radiotherapy” and three months post radiotherapy. A continuous scale was used to assess the degree of mammary symmetry in these patients in the post operative period of three months after radiotherapy. The measurement was based on a rule millimeter scale from 0 to 10 cm. We were asked to four experts in the field to put a mark on the scale with respect to symmetry and aesthetic appearance of the breasts. The scores of each patient were evaluated statistically. Results: The results were statistically significant for the aesthetic evaluation of the breasts and also for evaluation of the symmetry of the breasts after surgery and radiotherapy. Conclusion: We concluded that autologous graft contralateral breast in breast reconstruction surgery is a procedure that when used with other techniques, brings an aesthetic and suitable symmetrical result thus showing an alternative to breast reconstruction surgery.

In South Africa, there is a growing concern regarding the sustainability of bark harvesting due to the reduced availability of medicinal trees in natural areas and the slow growing and slow-reproducing nature of South Africa’s indigenous trees, of which some have specific habitat requirements and a limited distribution. With an estimated 80% of all Africans in South Africa still relying on plant material for their basic healthcare needs, approximately 200 000 traditional healers and an estimated 63 000 commercial harvesters, medicinal plants are being exploited to extinction. The aim of the study was to determine whether bridge-grafting could be used to restore growth in girdled Ocotea bullata and Curtisia dentata trees as these two medicinal tree species are listed on the South African Red List as ‘endangered’ and ‘near threatened’ due to overexploitation. These trees were also historically used in furniture production and general carpentry, which increased these trees’ vulnerability to extinction. Bridge-grafting is a technique widely described in horticultural literature but has not been used to restore growth in medicinal tree species with extensive harvesting damage. Metabolomics as analytical method is a relatively new science, but it is very useful, accurate and repeatable in obtaining knowledge on the metabolites present in a plant, and for determining the concentrations of metabolites. NMR metabolomics is, however, not sensitive enough to quantify metabolites with very low concentrations such as plant hormones. The results achieved showed that O. bullata and C. dentata responded differently to girdling and bridge-grafting regarding location of callus initiation, callus development, rate of callus development, basal shoot initiation and development and their sucrose source-sink relationships. NMR metabolomics showed that seasonality was an important factor affecting metabolite responses in both species. NMR metabolomics also showed that after one year, there were no differences in responses above and below the girdle wounds, nor were there differences between the grafted trees and the normal control trees. iv Although the method of bridge-grafting was successful in restoring the growth of O. bullata and C. dentata with this study, much more research needs to be conducted to prevent endangered girdled medicinal trees from becoming extinct, to maintain tree species diversity, genetic diversity and biodiversity. / School of Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Nature Conservation)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:53:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 freschi_l_me_botfm.pdf: 749128 bytes, checksum: 75984be6da9edf1d52a38b056eecc519 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A doença arterial coronariana (DAC) é uma das principais causas de óbito e de perda de qualidade de vida ao longo do tempo. Seu tratamento pode ser clínico ou por meio de técnicas como a angioplastia percutânea ou a revascularização cirúrgica do miocárdio. Multidimensional, a DAC exerce fortes impactos físicos, emocionais e sociais. Por isso, além das avaliações clínicas, são indispensáveis as informações sobre a qualidade de vida e funcionalidade dos pacientes para uma análise mais precisa de suas condições após o tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a percepção da qualidade de vida e a funcionalidade em pacientes com DAC nos momentos antes da revascularização cirúrgica ou da angioplastia, na alta hospitalar e 60 dias após a intervenção. Foram avaliados 90 pacientes divididos em grupos por procedimento. Utilizou-se uma ficha com perfil demográfico, questionário genérico de avaliação da qualidade de vida “The Medical Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey” (SF-36) e escala de “Medida de Independência Funcional” (MIF). Observou-se, no perfil demográfico, a predominância do gênero masculino (58,9%), escolaridade com o ensino fundamental incompleto (64,4%) e índice de massa corporal (IMC) acima do ideal (37,8% sobrepeso e 25,6% obesidade). O grupo de angioplastia apresentou os melhores escores de qualidade de vida antes do procedimento nos domínios “aspectos físicos”, “dor”, “vitalidade”, “aspectos sociais” e na questão de avaliação da saúde anterior. Na alta isso se manteve com o acréscimo do domínio “capacidade funcional”. No momento 60 dias após o procedimento, a angioplastia obteve melhores escores em “aspectos físicos” e “aspectos sociais”. Na comparação entre os momentos, os domínios “capacidade funcional” e “dor” pioraram na alta para o grupo cirurgia, e melhoraram após 60 dias... / Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death and loss of quality of life over time. The treatment is clinical in early stages of disease or the technique is percutaneous angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting. The DAC is a multidimensional disease, which has strong physical, emotional and social impacts. Besides to clinical assessments, information about the quality of life and functionality of patients are essential for a more precise analysis of their condition after treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceived quality of life and functionality in patients with CAD in the moments before surgical revascularization or angioplasty, at discharge and 60 days after the intervention. We evaluated 90 patients divided into groups by procedure. We used a form with demographic profile, generic questionnaire for assessing quality of life The Medical Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and scale of Functional Independence Measure (FIM). It was observed in the demographic, the predominance of males (58.9%), schooling and incomplete primary education (64.4%) and body mass index (BMI) above the ideal (37.8% overweight and 25.6% obese). The angioplasty group had the best scores of quality of life before the procedure in the domains physical aspects, pain, vitality and social aspects and the issue of evaluation of previous health. These results remained at hospital discharge with the addition of domain functional capacity. At present 60 days after the procedure, angioplasty had higher scores in physical aspects and social aspects. Comparing the times, the domains physical functioning and pain got worse at the group of discharge for surgery and improved after 60 days for both groups. In the domains general health and vitality, both groups improved in the third stage of evaluation. Angioplasty only group showed improvement... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:40:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 homsi_n_dr_araca.pdf: 690157 bytes, checksum: 4f4e024d5301db266278d9736fbf0050 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Proposição: A proposta deste estudo foi avaliar por análise histométrica a resposta tecidual óssea de enxerto autógeno coletado por piezocirurgia para o preenchimento de defeitos nas porções cervicais de implantes instalados em tíbias de coelhos. Métodos: Foram instalados 26 implantes em 13 tíbias de coelho, após a estabilidade inicial foram realizados defeitos cervicais por trefinagem, em um grupo foi mantido apenas o coágulo como preenchimento e em outro grupo o defeito foi preenchido por osso autógeno coletado por equipamento piezoelétrico, os animais foram sacrificados após 15 e 30 dias, a análise histométrica das interfaces implante-osso foram realizadas pelo software Image Lab. Resultados: Foi analisado o percentual de extensão linear de contato entre tecido ósseo e implante, a média percentual obtida de contato entre tecido ósseo neoformado e implante foram estabelecidas como médias da área de osso neoformado entre as espiras e contato osso-implante (BIC). Os resultados obtidos foram: no controle de 15 dias, o percentual entre as espiras foi de 65,2% e entre as espiras e contato osso-implante (BIC) de 88,7%. No controle de 30 dias o contato entre as espiras foi na ordem de 65,2% e entre as espiras e contato osso-implante (BIC) de 73,2%. No grupo de enxerto de 15 dias, o osso formado entre as espiras foi de 69,3% e entre as espiras e contato osso-implante (BIC) em 81%, no grupo enxerto 30 dias o osso formado entre as espiras foi de 91,47% e entre as espiras e contato ossoimplante (BIC) 91,56%. Conclusão: o enxerto ósseo autógeno particulado obtido por piezocirurgia apresenta melhor resultado que o coágulo sanguíneo no osso neoformado entre as espiras e no contato osso-implante / Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate by histometric analysis the outcome of autogenous bone collected through piezo surgery equipment in filling cervical portion defects around implants placed in rabbits tibias. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six implants were installed in 13 rabbits tibias, after initial primary stability, cervical defects were carried out by the use of a trephina, in one group the cloth was maintained as the defect filling and in another group the defect was filled by autogenous bone collected through piezo surgery equipment, the animals were sacrificed after 15 and 30 days, the histometric analysis of the implant-bone interfaces were carried out by the use of Image Lab software. Results: The lineal stretch percentage of contact between bone and implant was analyzed, the average percentage obtained in the contact between the newly formed bone and the implant was established as the average area of the newly formed bone in the space between the spires and the bone-implant contact (BIC). The results obtained were: in the 15-days control group, the percentage of bone formation between the spires was of 65.2% and between the spires and boneimplant contact (BIC) was of 88.7%. In the 30-days control group the contact between the spires was of 65.2% and between the spires and bone-implant contact (BIC) of 73.2%. In the 15-days control grafted group, the formed bone between the spires was of 69.3% and between the spires and bone-implant contact (BIC) of 81%, in the 30-days control grafted group, the formed bone between the spires was of 91.47% and between the spires and bone-implant contact (BIC) of 91.56%. Conclusions: the autogenous bone collected through piezo surgery equipment showed better results than the blood clot regarding the newly formed bone between the spires and bone-implant contact (BIC)