Text in Afrikaans / In this study quantitative research is employed to determine if cognitive control therapy can successfully be utilized in a group situation to alleviate cognitive deficiency in learners with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Learners with ADHD often do not gain from traditional play- and psychotherapy due to the fact that they do not possess the required cognitive structure necessary to support successful learning. Many of these learners do not receive sufficient assistance and support due to a shortage of government supported educational psychological aid. An empirical investigation of limited scope was performed to establish whether cognitive deficiencies can be alleviated by means of applying cognitive control therapy in a group situation. A one-group pretest-posttest design was utilized where the same group of subjects was studies before and after the experimental treatment. The results indicate that the cognitive control therapy program resulted in a considerable change. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

Text in Afrikaans / In this study quantitative research is employed to determine if cognitive control therapy can successfully be utilized in a group situation to alleviate cognitive deficiency in learners with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Learners with ADHD often do not gain from traditional play- and psychotherapy due to the fact that they do not possess the required cognitive structure necessary to support successful learning. Many of these learners do not receive sufficient assistance and support due to a shortage of government supported educational psychological aid. An empirical investigation of limited scope was performed to establish whether cognitive deficiencies can be alleviated by means of applying cognitive control therapy in a group situation. A one-group pretest-posttest design was utilized where the same group of subjects was studies before and after the experimental treatment. The results indicate that the cognitive control therapy program resulted in a considerable change. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

Denne D-uppsats i Musikterapi ved Kungliga Musikhögskolan i Stockholm undersøger på et fænonomenologisk grundlag, hvordan fem kvinder i et gruppeterapiforløb oplevede at arbejde med stemmen som terapeutisk redskab. Det overordnede formål med projektet var at udvikle en metode til at arbejde med stemmen som terapeutisk redskab.   I et eksperimentelt projekt over ti sessioner af hver to timers varighed, blev der arbejdet med forskellige aspekter af det at arbejde med stemmen, herunder afslapning/mindfulness før alle praktiske øvelser, vejrtræknings- og stemmetekniske øvelser og forskellige stemmeimprovisations øvelser. Maleri og tegning blev taget ind som en ekstra dimension i forhold til at arbejde med de psykologiske processer. Sessionerne blev filmet som dokumentation og siden blev sessionerne transkriberet, beskrevet og analyseret. Alle samtaler i gruppeterapien udgik fra Irving D.Yaloms eksistentielle psykologiske vinkel. Via en fænomenologisk forskningsmetode og med triangulering af spørgeskemaer er øvelserne og deres effekter på deltagernes oplevelse af blandt andet selvværd, det at tage sin plads og præstation, blevet undersøgt. Resultaterne indikerer 1) at afslapning/mindfulness kan have en positiv indvirkning på deltagernes personlige processer, 2) at stemmetekniske øvelser kan åbne op for flere forskellige personlige processer, herunder processer relateret til sociale regler, selvværd, præstation og det at blive mere bevidst om ens egen krop og dens funktioner i forhold til stemmen og vejrtrækningen. Resultaterne indikerer også, at vejrtrækningsøvelser og afslapning påvirker hinanden gensidigt og at vejrtrækningsøvelser kan bruges som individuelt værktøj i relation til angstdæmpning. Improvisationsøvelser findes at kunne åbne for meget forskellige personlige processer alt efter stemmetekniske forudsætninger. Følelser af frihed i forhold til stemmeidealer, manglende teknik, indlejrede sociale konventioner, forhold til autoriteter og regler, samt følelsen af at lege og eksperimentere, er nogen af de temaer som deltagerne oplevede der kom fokus på. Deltagerne oplevede at de var i stand til at overføre disse oplevelser til deres private livsforhold og at de her kunne skabe en forandring. I forhold til Male/tegne øvelsen viser resultaterne at deltagerne oplevede at kunne uddybe deres udfordringer og processer yderligere, og at de oplevede øvelsen overraskende nem, kravløs og legende.   Et uforudset resultat var, at det at arbejde med en medfølende intention i forhold til en selv, viste sig at være den allerstørste faktor for at forløbet udgjorde en terapeutisk forskel for de deltagende. Generelt oplevede deltagerne selve gruppeterapien som en støttende og kærlig proces og derfor inspirende i forhold til den enkeltes udfordring og proces. / This Magister Thesis in Music Therapy at the Royal Academy of Music in Stockholm examines on a phenomenological basis how five women in a group therapy process experienced working with voice exercises as a therapeutic tool. The overall objective of the project was to develop a method to work with the voice as a therapeutic tool. In an experimental course over ten sessions of two hours duration, the women worked with various aspects of voicework, including relaxation /mindfulness before all practical exercises, breathing and technical voice exercises and various voiceimprovisation exercises. Painting and drawing were taken in as an extra dimension to the work of the psychological processes. The sessions were video recorded as documentation and afterwards the sessions were transcribed, described and analyzed. All conversations in the group therapy were based on Irving D.Yaloms existential psychology. Through a phenomenological research method and triangulation of questionnaires, -the exercises and their influence on participants' experience, among others of self-esteem, of being able to take one´s needed space - and of performance, were examinded. The results indicates 1) that relaxation /mindfulness can have a positive impact on participants' personal processes, 2) that technical voice exercises can open up several different personal processes, including processes related to social rules, self-esteem, achievement and to become more aware of ones own body and its functions in relation to the voice and breathing. The results also indicate that breathing exercises and relaxation have a mutual influence on one another and that breathing exercises can be used as a tool for the individual, concerning anxiety reduction. Improvisation exercises can help opening up to different personal processes, depending on the level of technical experience of the voice the participant possesses. Feelings of freedom in relation to voice ideals, lack of voice technique, embedded social conventions, relationship to authorities and rules, as well as the feeling of playing and experimenting, were some of the themes the participants experienced to have a focus on. The participants found that they were able to transfer these experiences to their private life conditions and here to create a change. In relation to the painting / drawing exercise, it was found that the participants experienced to immerse their challenges and processes further and that they experienced this exercise surprisingly easy, non-demanding and playful. As an unexpected result it was found, that working with a compassionate intention towards oneself in the process made the largest therapeutic difference for the participants. In general, participants experienced the group therapy as supportive and with a loving atmosphere which inspired the individual´s challenges and processes.