Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaEBC_DISSERT.pdf: 2646496 bytes, checksum: 07a391c02dbd435d514dc67c79541102 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The environmental impacts, caused by the solid residues generation, are an often quoted concern nowadays. Some of these residues, which are originated from different human activities, can be fully reused, reducing the effects of the poor waste management on the environment. During the salt production process, the first formed crystals are discarded as industrial waste. This is mainly made of gypsum that is a calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4.2H2O). The gypsum in question may go through a calcination process due to the plaster (CaSO4.0,5H2O) production and then the application on the cement industry. Considering the necessity of development and application for these industrial wastes, this paper aims to analyze the plaster, called Salgesso, from the gypsum that was generated during the salt production, and its use viability on the civil construction industry in order to create environmental and economical benefits. For characterization, the following experiments were performed: X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG/DTG) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with EDS. The following tests were also performed to obtain the mechanical characteristics: Thinness Modulus, Unit Mass, Setting Time and Compressive Resistance. Three commercial plasters used on civil construction were taken as references. All of these tests were performed according to the current standards. It was noticed that although there were some conflicting findings between the salt and commercial plasters in all of the studied properties, the Salgesso has its values within the standard limits. However, there is the possibility to improve them by doing a more effective calcination process. Three commercial plasters, used in construction, were used as reference material. All tests were performed according to standards in force. It was observed that although some tests present conflicting findings between the salt and gypsum plasters commercial properties in all of the studied Salgesso have values within the limits imposed by the standard, but can be improved simply by calcination process more effective / Os impactos ambientais, ocasionados pela gera??o de res?duos s?lidos, s?o uma preocupa??o bastante citada na atualidade. Alguns desses res?duos, provenientes das mais variadas atividades humanas, podem ser totalmente reaproveitados, diminuindo o efeito desses impactos, geralmente ocasionado pela m? disposi??o, no meio ambiente. Durante o processo de produ??o do sal, os primeiros cristais formados s?o descartados como res?duo industrial. Este ? constitu?do basicamente por gipsita, um sulfato de c?lcio di-hidratado (CaSO4.2H2O). A gipsita em quest?o pode passar por um processo de calcina??o para a produ??o do gesso (CaSO4.0,5H2O) e subsequente aplica??o na ind?stria cimenteira. Considerando a necessidade de desenvolvimento e aplica??o para estes res?duos industriais, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o gesso obtido a partir da gipsita que foi gerada durante o processo de produ??o do sal, denominado Salgesso, e sua viabilidade de utiliza??o na ind?stria da constru??o civil, trazendo benef?cios ambientais e econ?micos. Para caracteriza??o, foram realizados os experimentos de: Fluoresc?ncia de raios X (FRX), Difra??o de raios X (DRX), an?lises t?rmicas (TG/DTG) e Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV) com EDS. Foram realizados tamb?m ensaios para a obten??o de caracter?sticas f?sicas como M?dulo de finura, Massa unit?ria, tempo de pega e resist?ncia ? compress?o. Tr?s gessos comerciais, utilizados na constru??o civil, foram usados como material de refer?ncia. Todos os ensaios foram realizados seguindo a normatiza??o vigente. Foi observado que, apesar de alguns ensaios apresentarem diverg?ncia de resultados entre os gessos salino e comerciais em todas as propriedades estudadas, o Salgesso tem valores dentro dos limites impostos pela norma. Entretanto, h? uma possibilidade de melhora por meio de um processo de calcina??o mais eficaz

Orientador: Gladis Camarini / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T09:22:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinheiro_SayonaraMariadeMoraes_D.pdf: 17416977 bytes, checksum: 40dd09aaf2b35647ee390d580feb5859 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A busca pela viabilidade técnica e econômica da reciclagem de resíduos na cadeia produtiva da construção civil vem atender às novas necessidades do setor de promover um crescimento econômico integrado às necessidades sociais e ambientais. O gesso é um material construtivo de ampla aplicação no setor. O processo produtivo é relativamente simples e envolve baixo custo energético em relação a outros aglomerantes. A reversibilidade de suas reações de transformação possibilita a reciclagem do material, o que aumenta a possibilidade de reintegração no processo produtivo, minimizando os impactos ambientais de produção. As indústrias produtoras de componentes de gesso, na sua maioria, são formadas por empresas de pequeno porte, onde o resíduo gerado, na maioria das vezes, é disposto de forma irregular, sem controle e estimativa de volume. Esse resíduo é considerado pelas Resoluções 307/2002 e 431/2011 do CONAMA, como resíduo de Classe "B", resíduos recicláveis para outras destinações, sendo grande o seu potencial de reciclagem. As pesquisas científicas na área ainda são incipientes. Faz-se necessária uma investigação detalhada do resíduo e do material reciclado. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho, por meio da adoção de um processo simples de reciclagem, composto das etapas de moagem e calcinação do resíduo de gesso de fundição, analisou as características químicas, microestruturais e as propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos gessos reciclados em ciclos consecutivos. Analisou também a influência do uso de aditivos nesses materiais. A análise dos resultados mostrou a viabilidade da reciclagem do resíduo de gesso e a necessidade de estudos mais específicos para que o gesso reciclado adquira o desempenho necessário para a aplicação no setor de componentes para a construção civil / Abstract: The search for technical and economical feasibility of waste recycling in the productive construction chain meets the new needs of the sector to promote an integrated development with economical, social and environmental needs. Gypsum plaster is a widely material used in civil construction. The productive process is relatively simple and it involves low energy costs compared to other binders. The reactions reversibility enables the recycling of the material, which increases the possibility of being reintegrated to the productive process as well as decrease environmental production impact. The gypsum components industries are formed by small companies, where the wastes are usually disposed incorrectly, without any control or estimate of volume. The waste is considered by Resolutions 307/2002 and 431/2011 from CONAMA as Class "B" which should be destined for recycling. Scientific research in this area is still incipient. It is necessary further investigations of this waste as a recycled material. In this way, the current research adopted a simple recycling process which produced a recycled gypsum plaster that was analyzed by its chemical and microstructures characteristics, as well as the physical and mechanical properties. The recycled plaster was obtained from consecutive cycles. The influence of using a superplasticizer in recycled plaster has been also analyzed. The results showed the feasibility to recycling the gypsum wastes, as well as the need of specific studies in order to allow the recycled gypsum plaster achieve the necessary performance to be applied for components in construction / Doutorado / Arquitetura e Construção / Doutor em Engenharia Civil

The thesis deals with the integration of phase change materials (PCMs) into building structures. The basic requirement is improved thermal stability during the summer season without using an air conditioner. This can be achieved by increasing the thermal storage capacity of the building structures. If the thermal capacity cannot be increased on the level of weight, phase change materials can be used. These materials are capable of storing latent heat and thus increasing the thermal storage capacity of the building. In the thesis the phase change materials were investigated in a thermal incubator by thermal analysis and, above all, in full-scale experiments using comparative measurements. The comparative measurements were carried out in two attic rooms at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, where in one was used as a reference and the other for the experiment. Manufactured heat storage panels were installed in the experimental room. These panels are composed of a base plate; the capillary tubes placed on it are coated with modified plaster. The gypsum plaster is modified with micro-capsules paraffin for improving the thermal storage capacity. This system is connected to a thermal air-water pump, by which the storage panels can be additionally cooled or heated. In the experimental measurements, different operating modes were investigated and their effect on the indoor environment was evaluated. Thermal storage in PCMs dampens the temperature amplitude in the building during the summer season and, at the same time, allows the stored heat to be discharged during the night. Moreover, the time interval of withdrawing electric energy from the supply mains is much shorter than in the case of air conditioning. A conventional air conditioner must operate simultaneously with the thermal load, i.e. at the time of peak consumption of electric energy. Thanks to the set regimes, the installed system is capable of responding to external thermal condit