A phenomenological description is sought of the dynamics operating in high energy elastic hadron-hadron scattering. The predictions of a simple Pomeron and weak cut model of high energy elastic scattering are compared with the new and surprising ρ̄ρ data from the ISR and Sρ̄ρS Collider. The model, which gives a complete account of all the lower energy data, is incompatible with the unexpected energy dependence of the differential cross-section shown by the Collider data. Modifications within the original framework of the model are examined but found inadequate and it is concluded that new contributions are necessary. Two avenues are explored as likely candidates for the correct approach. The first approach considered is the possible existence of a small odd charge conjugation term with constant or increasing contribution to the cross-section. Two existing models of such an "Odderon" effect are studied which give good agreement with the new data but neither of which are entirely satisfactory. A reggeized Odderon contribution, analagous to these models, is examined and limitations are placed on its effect. The second possibility considered as a description of the additional contributions to the model are the correction terms necessary to prevent the violation of unitarity and the breaking of asymptotic bounds. An eikonalization model, in which a-channel unitarity is explicitly satisfied, is reviewed but several theoretical problems emerge due to the nature of the basic exchange and the model gives a relatively poor description of the data. A" similar model in which the born term is described by a Pomeron with the appropriate Regge phase is developed. This clears up some of the theoretical problems but is found to exaggerate the problems encountered in fitting the data and it is concluded that such an eikonal description is unlikely to work. A simple model of the unitarity corrections which gives a better chance of reproducing the data is proposed. The results of the phenomenology of the asymptotic and perturbative Reggeon field theory approaches to elastic scattering are briefly reviewed.

Orientador: Márcio José Menon / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T11:17:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fagundes_DanielAlmeida_M.pdf: 4182023 bytes, checksum: ab06bb58827a859896805f7809e62f4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O tratamento teórico do espalhamento elástico de hádrons em altas energias constitui um problema em aberto, tanto para a teoria quântica de campos das interações fortes, a Cromodinâmica Quântica (QCD), quanto para as diferentes abordagens fenomenológicas. Neste trabalho apresentamos um estudo sobre o problema inverso do espalhamento elástico de hádrons nas representações de parâmetro de impacto e eiconal, especificamente, sobre a extração empírica das funções de perfil, recobrimento inelástica e eiconal a partir dos dados experimentais e com base somente em princípios e teoremas gerais em altas energias (independentes de modelo). Por condição de aplicabilidade e interesse atual o estudo é restrito ao espalhamento elástico próton-próton na região de energias de centro de momentos 19.4 a 62.5 GeV. Em particular, é introduzida uma nova representação para a Fórmula da Parte Real de Martin, independente de invariância de escala e adequada a parametrizações empíricas de dados experimentais. Através dessa representação e de duas outras parametrizações empíricas desenvolvidas previamente (vinculada e não-vinculada), determinam-se várias características da função de recobrimento inelástica e da parte imaginária da função eiconal (opacidade) no espa¸ co de momento transferido, destacando-se: (1) evidência de um efeito periférico ("cauda") na função de recobrimento inelástica na região de parâmetro de impacto acima de 2 fm; (2) desenvolvimento de parametrizações analíticas para essa função indicando componentes gaussinas com centros em 0.0, ~0 7 e ~1 3 fm; (3) evidência de um zero finito (troca de sinal) na função opacidade no espaço de momento transferido; (4) desenvolvimento de parametrizações empíricas para essa função indicando fatores de forma tipo produto de dois monopólos com parâmetros vinculados (e não dipolo) e um termo com zero; (5) estudo detalhado da determinação da função opacidade no espaço de momento transferido através da abordagem semi-analítica (métodos semi-analítico, de termo explícito e de termo explícito condicionado). Discutem-se também implementações que possam ser introduzidas em modelos eiconais, em especial inspirados em QCD, a partir dos resultados empíricos obtidos nesse trabalho / Abstract: The theoretical description of high-energy elastic hadron scattering constitutes an open problem in both, the underlying quantum field theory of strong interactions (QCD) and the phenomenological context. In this work the inverse problem in elastic hadron scattering is discussed in the impact parameter and eikonal frameworks, specifically a study on the empirical extraction of the profile, the inelastic overlap and the eikonal functions, from the experimental data and some principles and high-energy theorems (model independent). The analysis is limited to elastic proton-proton scattering in the center of momentum energy interval 19.4 - 62.5 GeV. In particular, a novel representation for the Martin¿s Real Part Formula is introduced but without the scaling property and suitable for empirical analysis. By means of this representation, and two other parametrizations previously introduced (constrained and unconstrained), several properties of the inelastic overlap function and the imaginary part of the eikonal (opacity) in the momentum transfer space are determined, in special: (1) evidence of a peripheral effect (tail) in the inelastic overlap function in the parameter impact space above 2 fm; (2) development of analytical parametrizations for this function leading to three gaussian components with centers at 0.0, ~0 7 and ~1 3 fm; (3) evidence of a finite zero (change of sign) in the opacity function in the momentum transfer space; (4) development of empirical parametrization for this function consistent with form factors as a product of two monopoles with constrained masses (not a dipole type) and a term with zero; (5) detailed discussion on the determination of the opacity function in the momentum transfer space through the semi-analytical approach. The applicability of these empirical results in the development of eikonal models (mainly those inspired in QCD) is also discussed / Mestrado / Reações Específicas e Fenomenologia de Partículas / Mestre em Física