Introduction: To improve comprehension of medical care, the Joint Commission recommends that patient education materials (PEMS) be written at a fifth-grade reading level or below. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the compliance of commonly used tertiary drug references to Joint Commission standards. Methods: PEMs for the top 100 most prescribed medications in 2017 were obtained from commonly used drug information tertiary references (Lexi-comp patient drug information, Micromedex Care Notes, Micromedex Med Essential Fact Sheets, Medline Plus, and Drugs.com) to evaluate readability. The grade reading level of each medication-related PEM was evaluated using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level test and compared with a one-way analysis of variance using correlated samples and Tukey's post-hoc test for significance between groups. Results: The mean grade reading levels of Lexi-comp, Micromedex Care Notes, Micromedex Med Essential Fact Sheets, Medline Plus, and Drugs.com were 4.2, 7.5, 7.8, 9.3, and 10.4, respectively. Lexi-comp achieved a reading level at or below fifth grade for 99% of medications while Micromedex Med Essential Fact sheets was the next highest at 33%. No other reference contained drug information at or below a fifth-grade reading level. Conclusion: Lexi-comp patient drug information consistently met the Joint Commission recommendation for medical information at or below a fifth-grade reading level, whereas Micromedex Med Essential Fact Sheets met this recommendation approximately one-third of the time. When providing drug information resources to patients, health-care providers should be diligent in selecting sources that meet the Joint Commission recommendations.

Adaptive Equipment at Home is an educational health-literate patient resource designed for older adults with limited health literacy, with a focus on improving the understanding of adaptive equipment in an accessible way. Many patient resources are not health literate, leading to decreased functional independence, quality of life, and safety, especially in the older adult population. Adaptive Equipment at Home follows health literacy guidelines founded upon evidence-based research while applying the core principles from andragogy theory and the rehabilitative frame of reference. The ultimate goal of Adaptive Equipment at Home is to increase functional independence in older adults while improving the policies regarding health literacy in patient resources in healthcare facilities.

This diploma thesis explores the ways in which physiotherapeutic procedures and concepts can be used to positively affect puerperium after a physiological childbirth. The beginning of the theoretical part describes the physiology of puerperium, lactation, women's psychological well- being during the postpartum period and postpartum complications. The main part of the thesis focuses on the application of physiotherapeutic methods and concepts during puerperium. The output of this part forms an information handout with exercises appropriate throughout puerperium. In the practical part of the thesis, a questionnaire survey of two groups of women at the end of puerperium took place to objectively evaluate the effect of the information handout. The aim was to find out whether women who are prepared for the puerperium and know how to use targeted exercises to support the regeneration of the body after childbirth experience a milder course of the puerperium, feel psychologically better and evaluate their breastfeeding effectiveness more positively. The experimental group (n = 32) received the information handout during pregnancy and used it in puerperium. The control group (n = 37) did not receive the handout. The standardized Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale questionnaire was used to assess the...

Introdução: as tecnologias educativas podem ser aplicadas por meio de materiais educativos, folhetos, vídeos, jogos ou qualquer outra estratégia que tenha por objetivo auxiliar a compreensão e aumentar o conhecimento de pacientes sobre sua saúde ou tratamento. Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia de uma tecnologia educativa impressa na redução de sinais e sintomas perioperatórios em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortognática. Método: trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado controlado desenvolvido no período de janeiro de 2013 a agosto de 2015, dividido em duas fases: um estudo piloto sem randomização para teste da intervenção e instrumentos, com oito pacientes; e, em segundo momento, o estudo clínico com as alterações decorrentes do estudo piloto. A amostra randomizada por blocos foi constituída de quarenta pacientes (vinte experimental e vinte controle), com seguimento de 45 dias. No grupo experimental, foi realizada a orientação pré-operatória pela enfermeira com auxílio da tecnologia educativa construída previamente para esse perfil de paciente e com orientação sobre os cuidados pós-operatórios (higiene oral, dieta, exercícios faciais, hidratação labial, exposição ao sol, abertura limitada da cavidade oral, controle da dor, repouso, banho e curativos), além da orientação habitual do cirurgião. O grupo controle recebeu somente as orientações rotineiras do cirurgião. Para a análise da intervenção, foram aplicados instrumentos para avaliar o conhecimento sobre os cuidados pós-operatórios, ansiedade pré e pós-procedimento pelo inventário de ansiedade IDATE traço e estado, sinais e sintomas do pós-operatório por instrumento de avaliação clínica. Na análise estatística, foi aplicado teste modelo de efeitos mistos para investigação dos dados do inventário de ansiedade traço-estado, teste de conhecimento e avaliação clínica, com exceção das medidas de peso corporal e dor para os quais foram utilizados GEE (=5%). Resultados: em relação ao teste de conhecimento observou-se melhora significativa do conhecimento no grupo experimental (p=0,000), o Inventário de ansiedade IDATE estado não apresentou diferença estatística entre a evolução nos dois grupos (p=0,818), e também no IDATE traço (p=0,906). Na avaliação dos sinais e sintomas por meio da análise clínica, não se observou diferença significativa entre a evolução dos grupos em todos os itens avaliados, mas notou-se no grupo experimental reduções mais expressivas entre o primeiro e segundo retorno em alguns sinais e sintomas do que no grupo controle. Esses pacientes também apresentaram menor dificuldade em realizar as refeições, iniciaram os exercícios faciais precocemente e utilizaram métodos de conforto para dormir e respirar melhor, itens correspondentes na orientação e na tecnologia educativa impressa aplicada. Conclusão: a estratégia de orientação e aplicação da tecnologia educativa para pacientes submetidos a cirurgia ortognática foi efetiva para o conhecimento dos pacientes sobre a cirurgia e o autocuidado. Observou-se melhora dos desfechos avaliados e sua implantação merece ser considerada para auxiliar o pós-operatório desses pacientes. NCT01803204. / Introduction: educational technologies can be applied through educational materials, brochures, videos, games or any other strategy which has the objective of assisting the understanding and raise awareness of patients about their health or treatment. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a printed educational technology in reducing signs and symptoms in perioperative patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Method: this is a randomized controlled clinical trial carried out from January 2013 to August 2015, divided into two phases: A pilot study without randomization to test the intervention and instruments with eight patients, and the second time, the study clinical with the changes arising from the pilot study. A random sample of blocks consisted of 40 patients (20: experimental and 20: control), with follow-up of 45 days. In the experimental group the preoperative orientation was conducted by nurse with the help of educational technology previously built for this patient profile and guidance on post-operative care (oral hygiene, diet, facial exercises, lip hydration, sun exposure, aperture limited the oral cavity, pain control, rest, bathing and dressing), besides the usual surgeon orientation. The control group only received routine guidance of the surgeon. To evaluate the intervention were implemented instruments to assess knowledge about post-operative care, pre and the post-procedure Anxiety Inventory STAI trait and state anxiety, signs and symptoms postoperatively by clinical assessment tool. Statistical analysis: applied testing mixed-effects model for data analysis inventory of State-trait anxiety, knowledge test and clinical evaluation, with the exception of body weight measurements and pain that were used GHG (=5%). Results: in relation to knowledge we observed significant improvement of test knowledge in the experimental group (p=0.000), the state STAI Anxiety Inventory showed no statistical difference between the evolution in both groups (p=0.818), and also in trace IDATE (p=0.906). In the evaluation of the signs and symptoms through clinical evaluation there was no significant difference between the evolution of groups in all items, but was noted in the experimental group more decreases between the first and second return in signs and symptoms than in group control. These patients also had less difficulty in performing meals, facial exercises began early and comfort of methods used to sleep and breathe better by matching items in orientation and printed educational technology applied. Conclusion: the orientation of strategy proposed and application of educational technology for patients undergoing orthognathic surgery was effective in patients\' knowledge about surgery and self-care. There was a significant improvement in outcomes, although without statistical significance and the use of educational technologies deserve to be considered to assist the postoperative these patients. NCT01803204.

Introdução: as tecnologias educativas podem ser aplicadas por meio de materiais educativos, folhetos, vídeos, jogos ou qualquer outra estratégia que tenha por objetivo auxiliar a compreensão e aumentar o conhecimento de pacientes sobre sua saúde ou tratamento. Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia de uma tecnologia educativa impressa na redução de sinais e sintomas perioperatórios em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortognática. Método: trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado controlado desenvolvido no período de janeiro de 2013 a agosto de 2015, dividido em duas fases: um estudo piloto sem randomização para teste da intervenção e instrumentos, com oito pacientes; e, em segundo momento, o estudo clínico com as alterações decorrentes do estudo piloto. A amostra randomizada por blocos foi constituída de quarenta pacientes (vinte experimental e vinte controle), com seguimento de 45 dias. No grupo experimental, foi realizada a orientação pré-operatória pela enfermeira com auxílio da tecnologia educativa construída previamente para esse perfil de paciente e com orientação sobre os cuidados pós-operatórios (higiene oral, dieta, exercícios faciais, hidratação labial, exposição ao sol, abertura limitada da cavidade oral, controle da dor, repouso, banho e curativos), além da orientação habitual do cirurgião. O grupo controle recebeu somente as orientações rotineiras do cirurgião. Para a análise da intervenção, foram aplicados instrumentos para avaliar o conhecimento sobre os cuidados pós-operatórios, ansiedade pré e pós-procedimento pelo inventário de ansiedade IDATE traço e estado, sinais e sintomas do pós-operatório por instrumento de avaliação clínica. Na análise estatística, foi aplicado teste modelo de efeitos mistos para investigação dos dados do inventário de ansiedade traço-estado, teste de conhecimento e avaliação clínica, com exceção das medidas de peso corporal e dor para os quais foram utilizados GEE (=5%). Resultados: em relação ao teste de conhecimento observou-se melhora significativa do conhecimento no grupo experimental (p=0,000), o Inventário de ansiedade IDATE estado não apresentou diferença estatística entre a evolução nos dois grupos (p=0,818), e também no IDATE traço (p=0,906). Na avaliação dos sinais e sintomas por meio da análise clínica, não se observou diferença significativa entre a evolução dos grupos em todos os itens avaliados, mas notou-se no grupo experimental reduções mais expressivas entre o primeiro e segundo retorno em alguns sinais e sintomas do que no grupo controle. Esses pacientes também apresentaram menor dificuldade em realizar as refeições, iniciaram os exercícios faciais precocemente e utilizaram métodos de conforto para dormir e respirar melhor, itens correspondentes na orientação e na tecnologia educativa impressa aplicada. Conclusão: a estratégia de orientação e aplicação da tecnologia educativa para pacientes submetidos a cirurgia ortognática foi efetiva para o conhecimento dos pacientes sobre a cirurgia e o autocuidado. Observou-se melhora dos desfechos avaliados e sua implantação merece ser considerada para auxiliar o pós-operatório desses pacientes. NCT01803204. / Introduction: educational technologies can be applied through educational materials, brochures, videos, games or any other strategy which has the objective of assisting the understanding and raise awareness of patients about their health or treatment. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a printed educational technology in reducing signs and symptoms in perioperative patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Method: this is a randomized controlled clinical trial carried out from January 2013 to August 2015, divided into two phases: A pilot study without randomization to test the intervention and instruments with eight patients, and the second time, the study clinical with the changes arising from the pilot study. A random sample of blocks consisted of 40 patients (20: experimental and 20: control), with follow-up of 45 days. In the experimental group the preoperative orientation was conducted by nurse with the help of educational technology previously built for this patient profile and guidance on post-operative care (oral hygiene, diet, facial exercises, lip hydration, sun exposure, aperture limited the oral cavity, pain control, rest, bathing and dressing), besides the usual surgeon orientation. The control group only received routine guidance of the surgeon. To evaluate the intervention were implemented instruments to assess knowledge about post-operative care, pre and the post-procedure Anxiety Inventory STAI trait and state anxiety, signs and symptoms postoperatively by clinical assessment tool. Statistical analysis: applied testing mixed-effects model for data analysis inventory of State-trait anxiety, knowledge test and clinical evaluation, with the exception of body weight measurements and pain that were used GHG (=5%). Results: in relation to knowledge we observed significant improvement of test knowledge in the experimental group (p=0.000), the state STAI Anxiety Inventory showed no statistical difference between the evolution in both groups (p=0.818), and also in trace IDATE (p=0.906). In the evaluation of the signs and symptoms through clinical evaluation there was no significant difference between the evolution of groups in all items, but was noted in the experimental group more decreases between the first and second return in signs and symptoms than in group control. These patients also had less difficulty in performing meals, facial exercises began early and comfort of methods used to sleep and breathe better by matching items in orientation and printed educational technology applied. Conclusion: the orientation of strategy proposed and application of educational technology for patients undergoing orthognathic surgery was effective in patients\' knowledge about surgery and self-care. There was a significant improvement in outcomes, although without statistical significance and the use of educational technologies deserve to be considered to assist the postoperative these patients. NCT01803204.

Besonders Studierende sind oft unsicher, was und wie zitiert wird. Die vorliegende Handreichung zum wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB) soll deshalb zu ihrer Orientierung dienen, wendet sich aber auch an Forschende in anderen Qualifikationsstadien. Sie geht auf grundsätzliche Fragen und generelle Übereinkünfte des Zitierens ein und will einen Überblick über Sinn und Anwendung des Zitates geben: Was, warum und wie wird zitiert? Eine tabellarische Übersicht über zwei verschiedene, aber fachübergreifend gängige Zitierstile – APA und Chicago – bietet Hilfe, wenn keine konkreten Vorgaben vom Lehrgebiet vorliegen. Der APA-Zitierstil folgt den Regeln der American Psychological Association (APA) und verwendet das Autor-Jahr-System. Beim Chicago-Zitierstil wird das Fußnoten-Bibliographie-System des Chicago Manual of Style vorgestellt, welches zur Kenntlichmachung von Zitaten hochgestellte Nummern im Text und Fußnoten nutzt. Ein Ausblick auf Arbeitshilfen und Schulungen sowie ein Literaturverzeichnis mit Hinweisen zu weiterführender Literatur runden die Handreichung ab. Richtiges Zitieren spielt nicht nur beim Schreiben der eigenen wissenschaftlichen Arbeit eine Rolle. Bereits bei der Recherche erfährt man, wie wichtig der exakte Nachweis einer Quelle für die schnelle Wiederauffindbarkeit ist. Insofern ist das Zitieren nur ein Baustein im gesamten Prozess der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit, der von der Entwicklung einer Fragestellung über die Recherche und Datenerhebung, die Analyse und Interpretation bis zur Formulierung und Publikation von Ergebnissen reicht. Der bewusste und sorgfältige Umgang mit Quellen (Literatur, aber auch Datenreihen oder Untersuchungsergebnissen) ist aber an jedem Punkt des Forschungsprozesses wesentlich, deshalb steht das korrekte Zitieren im Zentrum dieser Broschüre.:Zitieren ..... 1 Vorwort ..... 3 Einleitung ..... 4 Warum zitieren? ..... 6 Plagiate und wissenschaftliches Fehlverhalten ..... 8 Was zitieren? ..... 11 Zitierfähigkeit und Zitierwürdigkeit ..... 12 Woran erkennt man zitierwürdige Quellen? ..... 13 Zitieren von Internetquellen ..... 14 Primär- und Sekundärquellen ..... 16 Fremdsprachige Quellen ..... 17 Wie zitieren? ..... 18 Direktes und indirektes Zitat ..... 18 Der Nachweis des Zitats ..... 19 Zitierstile ..... 20 Der Zitierstil APA ..... 21 Der Zitierstil Chicago ..... 25 Weitere Zitierstile ..... 29 Literaturverwaltungsprogramme ..... 31 Schulungsangebote an der SLUB Dresden ..... 33 Literaturempfehlung ..... 34 Literaturverzeichnis ..... 36

Besonders Studierende sind oft unsicher, was und wie zitiert wird. Die vorliegende Handreichung zum wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB) soll deshalb zu ihrer Orientierung dienen, wendet sich aber auch an Forschende in anderen Qualifikationsstadien. Sie geht auf grundsätzliche Fragen und generelle Übereinkünfte des Zitierens ein und will einen Überblick über Sinn und Anwendung des Zitates geben: Was, warum und wie wird zitiert? Eine tabellarische Übersicht über zwei verschiedene, aber fachübergreifend gängige Zitierstile – APA und Chicago – bietet Hilfe, wenn keine konkreten Vorgaben vom Lehrgebiet vorliegen. Der APA-Zitierstil folgt den Regeln der American Psychological Association (APA) und verwendet das Autor-Jahr-System. Beim Chicago-Zitierstil wird das Fußnoten-Bibliographie-System des Chicago Manual of Style vorgestellt, welches zur Kenntlichmachung von Zitaten hochgestellte Nummern im Text und Fußnoten nutzt. Ein Ausblick auf Arbeitshilfen und Schulungen sowie ein Literaturverzeichnis mit Hinweisen zu weiterführender Literatur runden die Handreichung ab. Richtiges Zitieren spielt nicht nur beim Schreiben der eigenen wissenschaftlichen Arbeit eine Rolle. Bereits bei der Recherche erfährt man, wie wichtig der exakte Nachweis einer Quelle für die schnelle Wiederauffindbarkeit ist. Insofern ist das Zitieren nur ein Baustein im gesamten Prozess der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit, der von der Entwicklung einer Fragestellung über die Recherche und Datenerhebung, die Analyse und Interpretation bis zur Formulierung und Publikation von Ergebnissen reicht. Der bewusste und sorgfältige Umgang mit Quellen (Literatur, aber auch Datenreihen oder Untersuchungsergebnissen) ist aber an jedem Punkt des Forschungsprozesses wesentlich, deshalb steht das korrekte Zitieren im Zentrum dieser Broschüre.:Zitieren .... 1 Vorwort zur 1. Auflage .... 3 Einleitung .... 4 Warum zitieren?.... 6 Plagiate und wissenschaftliches Fehlverhalten .... 8 Was zitieren?.... 10 Zitierfähigkeit und Zitierwürdigkeit .... 11 Woran erkennt man zitierwürdige Quellen? .... 12 Zitieren von Internetquellen .... 13 Primär- und Sekundärquellen .... 14 Fremdsprachige Quellen .... 15 Forschungsdaten .... 15 Wie zitieren? .... 17 Direktes und indirektes Zitat .... 17 Der Nachweis des Zitats .... 18 Zitierstile .... 19 Der Zitierstil APA .... 20 Der Zitierstil Chicago .... 29 Weitere Zitierstile .... 36 Literaturverwaltungsprogramme .... 38 Schulungsangebote an der SLUB Dresden .... 39 Literaturempfehlung .... 40 Literaturverzeichnis .... 42

Besonders Studierende sind oft unsicher, was und wie zitiert wird. Die vorliegende Handreichung zum wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB) soll deshalb zu ihrer Orientierung dienen, wendet sich aber auch an Forschende in anderen Qualifikationsstadien. Sie geht auf grundsätzliche Fragen und generelle Übereinkünfte des Zitierens ein und will einen Überblick über Sinn und Anwendung des Zitates geben: Was, warum und wie wird zitiert? Eine tabellarische Übersicht über zwei verschiedene, aber fachübergreifend gängige Zitierstile – APA und Chicago – bietet Hilfe, wenn keine konkreten Vorgaben vom Lehrgebiet vorliegen. Der APA-Zitierstil folgt den Regeln der American Psychological Association (APA) und verwendet das Autor-Jahr-System. Beim Chicago-Zitierstil wird das Fußnoten-Bibliographie-System des Chicago Manual of Style vorgestellt, welches zur Kenntlichmachung von Zitaten hochgestellte Nummern im Text und Fußnoten nutzt. Ein Ausblick auf Arbeitshilfen und Schulungen sowie ein Literaturverzeichnis mit Hinweisen zu weiterführender Literatur runden die Handreichung ab. Richtiges Zitieren spielt nicht nur beim Schreiben der eigenen wissenschaftlichen Arbeit eine Rolle. Bereits bei der Recherche erfährt man, wie wichtig der exakte Nachweis einer Quelle für die schnelle Wiederauffindbarkeit ist. Insofern ist das Zitieren nur ein Baustein im gesamten Prozess der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit, der von der Entwicklung einer Fragestellung über die Recherche und Datenerhebung, die Analyse und Interpretation bis zur Formulierung und Publikation von Ergebnissen reicht. Der bewusste und sorgfältige Umgang mit Quellen (Literatur, aber auch Datenreihen oder Untersuchungsergebnissen) ist aber an jedem Punkt des Forschungsprozesses wesentlich, deshalb steht das korrekte Zitieren im Zentrum dieser Broschüre.:Zitieren .... 1 Vorwort zur 1. Auflage .... 3 Einleitung .... 4 Warum zitieren?.... 6 Plagiate und wissenschaftliches Fehlverhalten .... 8 Was zitieren?.... 10 Zitierfähigkeit und Zitierwürdigkeit .... 11 Woran erkennt man zitierwürdige Quellen? .... 12 Zitieren von Internetquellen .... 13 Primär- und Sekundärquellen .... 14 Fremdsprachige Quellen .... 15 Forschungsdaten .... 15 Wie zitieren? .... 17 Direktes und indirektes Zitat .... 17 Der Nachweis des Zitats .... 18 Zitierstile .... 19 Der Zitierstil APA .... 20 Der Zitierstil Chicago .... 29 Weitere Zitierstile .... 36 Literaturverwaltungsprogramme .... 38 Schulungsangebote an der SLUB Dresden .... 39 Literaturempfehlung .... 40 Literaturverzeichnis .... 42