I use novel splittings of conjugate exponents in Holder’s inequality and other techniques to obtain new inequalities of Hilbert, Hilbert-Pachpatte and Hardy type for series and integrals. The Thesis gives far reaching generalisations of the work of Dragomir-Kim (2003), Pachpatte (1987, 1990, 1992),Handley-Koliha-Pecaric (2000), Hwang-Yang (1990), Hwang(1996), Love-Pecaric (1995) and Mohapatra-Russell (1985) and inequalities for fractional derivatives of integrable functions. (For complete abstract open document)

In this thesis, we study local Tb theorems for singular integral operators in the setting of spaces of homogeneous type. We give a direct proof of the local Tb theorem with L^2 integrability on the pseudo- accretive system. Our argument relies on the Beylkin-Coifman-Rokhlin algorithm applied in adapted Haar wavelet basis and some stopping time results. Motivated by questions of S. Hofmann, we extend it to the case when the integrability conditions are lower than 2, with an additional weak boundedness type hypothesis, which incorporates some Hardy type inequalities. We study the possibility of relaxing the support conditions on the pseudo-accretive system to a slight enlargement of the dyadic cubes. We also give a result in the case when, for practical reasons, hypotheses on the pseudo-accretive system are made on balls rather than dyadic cubes. Finally we study the particular case of perfect dyadic operators for which the proof gets much simpler. Our argument gives us the opportunity to study Hardy type inequalities. The latter are well known in the Euclidean setting, but seem to have been overlooked in spaces of homogeneous type. We prove that they hold without restriction in the dyadic setting. In the more general case of a ball B and its corona 2B\B, they can be obtained from some geometric conditions relative to the distribution of points in the homogeneous space. For example, we prove that some relative layer decay property suffices. We also prove that this property is implied by the monotone geodesic property of Tessera. Finally, we give some explicit examples and counterexamples in the complex plane to illustrate the relationship between the geometry of the homogeneous space and the validity of the Hardy type inequalities.

In this thesis we derive various generalizations and refinements of some classical inequalities in different function spaces. We consider some of the most important inequalities namely the Hardy, Pólya-Knopp, Jensen, Minkowski and Beckenbach-Dresher inequalities. The main focus is put on the Hardy and their limit Pólya-Knopp inequalities. Indeed, we derive such inequalities even in a general Banach functionsetting. The thesis consists of three papers (A, B and C) and an introduction, which put these papers into a more general frame. This introduction has also independent interest since it shortly describe the dramatic more than 100 years of development of Hardy-type inequalities. It contains both well-known and very new ideas and results. In paper A we prove and discuss some new Hardy-type inequalities in Banach function space settings. In particular, such a result is proved and applied for a new general Hardy operator, which is introduced in this paper (this operator generalizes the usualHardy kernel operator). These results generalize and unify several classical Hardy-type inequalities. In paper B we prove some new refined Hardy-type inequalities again in Banach function space settings. The used (super quadraticity) technique is also illustrated by making refinements of some generalized forms of the Jensen, Minkowski and Beckenbach-Dresher inequalities. These results both generalize and unify several results of this type. In paper C for the case 0<p≤q<∞ we prove some new Pólya-Knopp inequalities in two and higher dimensions with good two-sided estimates of the sharp constants. By using this result and complementary ideas it is also proved a new multidimensional weighted Pólya-Knopp inequality with sharp constant. / In this thesis we derive various generalizations and refinements of some classical inequalities in different function spaces. We consider some of the most important inequalities namely the Hardy, Pólya-Knopp, Jensen, Minkowski and Beckenbach-Dresher inequalities. The main focus is put on the Hardy and their limit, Pólya-Knopp inequalities. Indeed, we derive such inequalities even in a general Banach function setting.  We prove and discuss some new Hardy-type inequalities in Banach function space settings. In particular, such a result is proved and applied for a new general Hardy operator. These results generalize and unify several classical Hardy-type inequalities. Next, we prove some new refined Hardy-type inequalities again in Banach function space settings. We used superquadraticity technique to prove refinements of some classical inequalities. Finally, for the case 0<p≤q<∞, we prove some new Pólya-Knopp inequalities in two and higher dimensions with good two-sided estimates of the sharp constants. By using this result and complementary ideas it is also proved a new multidimensional weighted Pólya-Knopp inequality with sharp constant.

On étudie dans cette thèse les théorèmes Tb locaux pour les opérateurs d’intégrale singulière, dans le cadre des espaces de type homogène. On donne une preuve directe du théorème Tb local avec hypothèses d’intégrabilité L^2 sur le système pseudo-accrétif. Notre argument repose sur l’algorithme Beylkin-Coifman-Rokhlin, appliqué dans des bases d’ondelettes de Haar adaptées, et sur des résultats de temps d’arrêt. Motivés par une question posée par S. Hofmann, on étend notre résultat au cas où les conditions d’intégrabilité sont inférieures à 2, avec une hypothèse supplémentaire de type faible bornitude, qui incorpore des inégalités de type Hardy. On étudie la possibilité d’affaiblir les conditions de support du système pseudo-accrétif en l’autorisant à être défini sur un petit élargissement des cubes dyadiques. On donne également un résultat dans le cas où, pour des raisons pratiques, les hypothèses sur le système pseudo-accrétif sont faites sur les boules au lieu des cubes dyadiques. Enfin, on s’intéresse au cas des opérateurs parfaitement dyadiques pour lesquels la démonstration est grandement simplifiée. Notre argument nous donne l’opportunité de nous intéresser aux inégalités de type Hardy. Ces estimations sont bien connues des spécialistes dans le cadre Euclidien, mais elles ne semblent pas avoir été étudiées dans les espaces de type homogène. On montre qu’elles sont vérifiées sans restriction dans le cadre dyadique. Dans le cas plus général d’une boule B et de sa couronne 2B\B, elles peuvent être déduites de certaines conditions géométriques de distribution des points dans l’espace de type homogène. Par exemple, on prouve qu’une condition de petite couche relative est suffisante. On montre aussi que cette propriété est impliquée par la propriété de monotonie géodésique de Tessera. Enfin, on présente quelques exemples et contre-exemples explicites dans le plan complexe, afin d’illustrer le lien entre la géométrie de l’espace de type homogène et la validité des inégalités de type Hardy. / In this thesis, we study local Tb theorems for singular integral operators in the setting of spaces of homogeneous type. We give a direct proof of the local Tb theorem with L^2 integrability on the pseudo- accretive system. Our argument relies on the Beylkin-Coifman-Rokhlin algorithm applied in adapted Haar wavelet basis and some stopping time results. Motivated by questions of S. Hofmann, we extend it to the case when the integrability conditions are lower than 2, with an additional weak boundedness type hypothesis, which incorporates some Hardy type inequalities. We study the possibility of relaxing the support conditions on the pseudo-accretive system to a slight enlargement of the dyadic cubes. We also give a result in the case when, for practical reasons, hypotheses on the pseudo-accretive system are made on balls rather than dyadic cubes. Finally we study the particular case of perfect dyadic operators for which the proof gets much simpler. Our argument gives us the opportunity to study Hardy type inequalities. The latter are well known in the Euclidean setting, but seem to have been overlooked in spaces of homogeneous type. We prove that they hold without restriction in the dyadic setting. In the more general case of a ball B and its corona 2B\B, they can be obtained from some geometric conditions relative to the distribution of points in the homogeneous space. For example, we prove that some relative layer decay property suffices. We also prove that this property is implied by the monotone geodesic property of Tessera. Finally, we give some explicit examples and counterexamples in the complex plane to illustrate the relationship between the geometry of the homogeneous space and the validity of the Hardy type inequalities.