The dynamic development of industry and the constant production of new substances affecting the environment is currently one of the priorities of the interests of the human population. This thesis is focused on the ecotoxicological evaluation of selected extinguishing agent which are applied in case of fire. They must effectively extinguish fire because a live protection and material resources in any case very important, but Theky should be also environmentally friendly. In this work were tested surfactants, which are the main component of foaming extinguishing agent with the following commercial names: STAMEX F-15, F-15 EXPYROL, MOUSOL APS F-15, FINIFLAM F-15 and PYROCOOL B. Since surfactants have a negative impact mainly on aquatic ecosystem assessment were mainly used ecotoxicity tests using aquatic organisms. Test organisms were aquatic crustacean Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus aquatic dicotyledons plant Lemna minor and terrestrial monocotyledons plant Sinapis alba. Based on the results of the tests were values of LC50, EC50 and IC50 for the tested substances determined and their ecotoxicity compared.

The surfactants have become a common part of everyday human life. For their properties they are used as aditive components of foam extinguishers used in large quantities for area fires fighting. This thesis deals with the ecotoxicological evaluation of commercially available fire-fighting agents Sthamex F 15, Moussol APS F 15, Finiflam F 15, Expyrol F 15 and Pyrocool B, which are made on the basis of surfactants. In the framework of this thesis the ecotoxicological effects of selected extinquishing agents were assessed through aquatic ecotoxicity tests with organisms Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphnia magna, dicotyledonous plants Lemna minor and white mustard seeds Sinapis alba. Via tests of contaminated soils leachate the effect of soil sorption complex on the ecotoxicological effects was evaluated. Extinguishing agents were further considered in terms of acute ecotoxicity for soil organism via ecotoxicological tests in the contact arrangement using earthworm Eisenia fetida and lettuce seeds Lactuca sativa. To assess the influence of biodegradation under different conditions on ecotoxicological effects the seed germination tests of L. sativa were conducted with hindsight. According to the results of the individual tests this work discuss the need for further evaluation of the negative influence of selected agents, while paying special attention to legislative measures.

This diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of effects of the most frequently used extinguishing agents in the South Moravian region on selected aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Extinguishing substances which have been tested are foaming agents Sthamex and Moussol, rigid wetting agent TS ECO and TS Turbo and ABC FAVORIT fire - extinguishing powder. Their effects have been tested on aquatic organisms Daphnia magna and Scenedesmus subspicatus and terrestric organisms such as Folsomia candida, Lactuca sativa, and Eisenia fetida. Validation test on standard substances have been performed to verify the validity of the test results. From the obtained results values of IC50, LC50 and EC50 were calculated, through which the impact of individual extinguishing agents on the components of the environment was assessed.

The main subject of this dissertation is the ecotoxicological evaluation of significant point sources of pollution. These include wildfires and wide fires of factories and also industrial and urban wastewater treatment plants. The local application of pyrolytic product obtained from sewage sludge as the point source of pollution was also included in the thesis. Tests in aquatic and contact arrangement with using both water and soil organisms for ecotoxicity evaluation of selected matrices were chosen. Crustaceans Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphnia magna Straus and sea bacteria Vibrio fischeri were selected as representative organisms of water animals. Duckweed Lemna minor was chosen as water plant. Further collembola Folsomia candida and earthworm Eisenia fetida were chosen as representatives of soil animals. Finally onion Allium cepa L. and mustard Sinapis alba are representatives of terrestrial plants. Submitted thesis deals about analytes of interest, their properties and ways of distribution to the environments. The output of the thesis is a comprehensive assessment of the effects of selected point sources of pollution on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems organisms and ecotoxicological risks assessment. The fire extinguishing agents have been proven to be the most stressful substances for all selecteded organisms.

This diploma thesis was aimed at study of the effect of various gaseous extinguishing media in an environment of increased temperature on the paper and its properties. Paper samples were exposed to elevated temperature in air, CO2 gas and gas mixtures of N2:Ar (1:1). The impact of conditions on the mechanical, chemical and optical properties of paper has been studied after exposure of the paper by extinguishing media under elevated temperature. The change of properties was determined immediately after exposure of samples under simultaneous conditions of fire, further one was determined for samples exposed to conditions of dry and wet aging. As a reference sample was used crude paper. Values of elasticity modulus, strength tensile, tearing resistance, the work needed for break tension, the total color difference and pH of samples have been determined. The results showed that every external influence causes at least some change in mechanical, optical and chemical properties such as increased temperature, the effect of extinguishing media or ageing of paper. The gas mixture N2:Ar (1:1) had the smallest influence on the sample paper, which was worked. Thus this gas mixture could be the best choice for the application in archive environments.

Nowadays are foam concentrates used as the primary extinguishing agent for flammable liquid fires (especially hydrocarbons), means of transports fires, the release of chemical substances in environmental accidents, and their importance is still growing with the industrial development. All units of fire protection have foam concentrates in their equipment, so it is important that firefighters to have some necessary knowledge about their characteristics and to be able to use them effectively and safely for the environment. The basic component of foaming concentrates are surfactants. This diploma thesis analyzes foam samples which are commonly used, by methods for analysis of drinking, surface and wastewater and determines cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants.