Transition-age youth with mental health conditions experience adverse employment and educational outcomes and little is known about strategies for improving their outcomes. The purpose of this study was to review education and employment intervention programs that targeted transition-age youth with mental health conditions, to highlight the components, efficacy of the interventions, and predictors of better outcomes. Eighteen studies published between 1990 and 2017 met the inclusion criteria. Results indicate that interventions led to improvement in employment or education outcomes. Common intervention components included: mental health services, career counseling, career development, cognitive adaptation training, interagency collaboration, peer mentoring, functional skills assessment, individualized or person-centered counseling, social skill, and independent living skills training. Being married, active participation in vocational intervention, social support, prior work experience, high score on Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale were found to be associated with better education and employment outcomes. Implications for research, and practice are discussed.

Adolescents spend a large proportion of their everyday life in school, and schooling is vital for future success and well-being. One group that are in risk for reduced school success are children with disabilities or long-term illnesses. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the factors age, gender, self-perceived relationship with teachers, self-perceived relationship with peers and parental bonding can predict school engagement of students with self-reported long term health conditions and impairment. School engagement is defined as having three aspects, behavioral, emotional and cognitive. HBSC (Health behaviors in School Children) data from Sweden is used. The result shows that self-perceived relationship with teachers and age are related to all three components of school engagement, behavioral, emotional and cognitive in this study.  Self-perceived relationship with peers is related to emotional school engagement only. Gender is related to cognitive engagement. Parent bonding cannot predict any of the three aspects of school engagement. This study demonstrated that school environment, especially teachers, is important for the school engagement of students with long-term health condition and impairment. Dispite the inconsistent results with previous reseach which focus on typical functioning students, School and educators should focus on how to maintain and improve and promote school engagement of students with long-term health condition and impairment in mainstream school setting.

A specific number sociological theories and empirical studies suggest that deviant identity is the result of being formally or informally sanctioned by social audiences. The process by which individuals develop a deviant identity has been well documented by the literature. Most of this literature has linked the development of a deviant identity to the performance of deviant behavior. There is less evidence documenting the maleficent effects of bearing personal deviant characteristics such as stigmatizing health conditions, and/or being an involuntary member of a group socially defined as deviant (e.g. being the child of an alcoholic parent) in the development of a deviant identity. It is also noteworthy that, although parenting has been the focus of hundreds of studies examining deviant behavior and its consequences for individuals and their families, researchers rarely have been concerned with the effects of parenting in the development of a deviant self-concept. This dissertation examines the effects of parental emotional support on the development of a deviant identity by using a longitudinal data set that incorporates information of adolescents aged 12-19 who report their race, gender, level of selfesteem, parental relations, parental deviant behavior/characteristics, and peers and teacher stigmatization. Various models were estimated to test whether the relationship between deviance and deviant identity was significant, the mediating effects of stigmatization by peers and by teachers, and the moderating effect of both maternal and paternal emotional support on the development of a deviant identity. The results indicate that both maternal and paternal emotional support moderated the effect of maternal deviance but not the effect of paternal deviance. In the case of personal deviance, however, maternal deviance tended to increase as opposed to decrease deviant identity. Paternal emotional support did not moderate the effect of health limitations but it did diminish the effect of contact with the police. These findings were independent of the effects of gender, race, socioeconomic status, age, family structure, and earlier deviant identity. The implications and significance of these findings are discussed.

A majority of low-income individuals living in public housing today are working or receiving some kind of assistance, but still struggle to make ends meet. Previous studies show that cost and availability are barriers to healthy eating for low-income individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine relationships among nutrition habits, health status, sources of income, and food and living resources for low-income residents in public housing. The study utilizes data collected over five years on the impact of the revitalization of the families. The sample was randomly selected from residents of the housing property in a Kentucky city. Results showed that low income is connected to limited access to healthy food options and individuals are more likely to be at risk for chronic health conditions such as diabetes or hypertension. When income and employment were low, families reported a greater rate of skipped meals, less consumption of daily meals, and more purchasing of high fat and sodium meals from convenience stores.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-09T12:22:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 69593.pdf: 4082516 bytes, checksum: da8a949f72d95d68103995d0a1e225e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente. Departamento de Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / O presente trabalho teve como objeto de estudo o cuidado às condições crônicas de saúde de crianças e adolescentes, caracterizado pela interação e relação entre diferentes sujeitos, pelo elevado tempo médio de internação, pela transformação das vidas de crianças e familiares, pelos processos de alta e reinternações , pela demarcação de locais específicos para sua produção e reprodução e pela utilização de recursos e insumos tecnológicos, tendo o conhecimento científico e a academia perpassando como fontes produtoras de saber e de práticas. Buscou compreender como se constrói o cuidado às condições crônicas de saúde da criança e do adolescente em hospitais de média e alta complexidade. Para tanto, foi necessário analisar a produção do cuidado às condições crônicas de saúde de crianças e adolescentes em hospitais de méd ia e alta complexidade; compreender as relações entre profissionais e usuários (pacientes e familiares) na dinâmica dos serviços e entender como se estabelecem as redes de apoio sócio - assistenciais envolvidas com o cuidado às condições crônicas de saúde de crianças e adolescentes. O estudo utilizou a abordagem qualitativa, assentada no arcabouço teórico da microssociologia, que buscou compreender as interações e os códigos sociais dos sujeitos em estudo. Os locais de estudo foram enfermarias de Neonatologia , Pediatria e Cirurgia Pediátrica de hospitais de referência no cuidado às condições crônicas de saúde da criança, ambos situados no Município do Rio de Janeiro. O sujeitos de pesquisa foram profissionais e mães de crianças internadas. Como recursos metodo lógicos, foram realizadas observações de campo e entrevistas. Através dos resultados, pôde - se compreender que o paciente crônico estabelece, desde o diagnóstico, uma forte interação com os profissionais e com os serviços de saúde. São condições que altera m a rotina de vida dos familiares e pacientes , que passam a conviver com o universo hospitalar, dependência de tecnologias e necessidade de aprendizagem de novos conhecimentos. Para os profissionais atuar nesse cuidado exige enfrentar lacunas entre o model o de formação, centrado na busca pela cura e salvação, e as realidades dos pacientes, que demandam cuidado e atenção. Por isso, é um cuidado também assumido como difícil e desgastante, demandando dedicação, empenho, especialização e doação. Nesse sentido, a produção do cuidado mostrou - se fortemente marcada pelo modelo de formação biomédico, pelos avanços tecnológicos e científicos. É um cuidado que acontece por meio e através de muitas interações sociais, relacionando profissionais, usuários e familiares. C om isso, o fator comunicacional é fundamental para ser possível diminuir as lacunas entre os sujeitos. Trata - se de um cuidado que demanda e conforma redes entre os sujeitos e as instituições, as quais se apresentam ora mais consolidadas, ora mais incomplet as, colocando como questão a necessidade de estruturação de rede de saúde e seus serviços. Conclui - se que a vivência de uma condição crônica não é somente um traço da transição epidemiológica, nem apenas um processo de trabalho que envolve tecnologias do c uidado, mas também refere - se a produção de novas relações, dimensões socioculturais que precisam ser perspectivadas através de suas potencialidades de transformar os saberes, os conhecimentos e as práticas. / The present work have as subject of the sutdy the care given for chronic health conditions of children and adolescentes, characterized by the interaction and relationship between different individual s, for the high aver age length of stay, the transformation of the lives of childrens and relatives, by the pro cesses of high readmissions, the demarcation of specific locations for their production and reproduction and the use of res ources and technological inputs, having tne scientific knowledge and the academy permeating as source producers of guideline and practices. Sought to understand how to build care for chronic health conditions of children and adolescents in hospitals of medium and high complexity. Therefore, it was necessary to analyze the production of care for chronic health conditions of children and adolescents in hospital s of medium and high complexity ; understand the relationships be tween professionals and patients and families in the dynamics of services and u nderstand how to establish networks of social assistance support involved with the care of chronic health conditions in children and adolescent s . The study used a qualitative approach setting in the theor etical framework of microsociology , which sought to understand the interactions and social co des of the subjects under study The study sites were wards of Neonatology , Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of referral hospital care for chroni c health conditions of children , both locate d in the city of Rio de Jan eiro. The research subjects were professionals and mothers of hospitalized children. As methodological resources, field observations and interviews were conducted. Through the results , we could unde rstand that since the diagnosis , the chronic patient estab lishes a strong interaction with pr ofessionals and health services. These conditions alter the routine of family members and the patient, which now liv e with the hospital environment , dependence on technology and need for learning new knowledge. For profes sional s act is this care requires addressing gaps between the training model , centered on the quest for healing and salvation , and the realities of patients that require care and attention . So it is also assumed as a difficult and exhausting care , demandin g dedication, commi tment, expertise and donation. In this sense, the production of care showed being strongly m arked by the model of biomedical formation , and by techno logical and scientific advances. It is a care that happens by and t hrough many social in teractions , linking profession als, users and families. Thus, the communicative factor is crucial to be able to decrease the gaps betw een subjects. It is a caution that demand and linked networks among individu als and institutions, which sometimes present m ore consolidate, sometimes m ore incomplete, putting as question the need for structuring the health network and its services . Concludes that the experience of a chronic condition is not only a trace of the epidemiological transition, and not just a work pr ocess that involves care technologies , but also refers to the production of new relationships socio - cultural dimensions that ne ed to be envisaged through there poten tials to transform the knowledge , expertise and practices .

Introdução: define-se rede social como o grupo com quem a pessoa mantém algum vínculo social; já o apoio social refere-se ao grau de satisfação do indivíduo com suas relações, podendo ser agrupado em cinco dimensões: material, afetiva, emocional, de informação e interação positiva. Cuidar de um familiar dependente pode ocasionar várias mudanças na vida do cuidador, o que o leva a depender ainda mais do apoio de sua rede social. Objetivo: avaliar a rede e o apoio social de cuidadores familiares de pacientes dependentes atendidos por um Serviço de Assistência Domiciliária. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal, realizado em um Serviço de Assistência Domiciliária localizado na zona sul do município de São Paulo. A amostra foi constituída por 110 cuidadores familiares que realizavam a atividade há mais de três meses e que não recebiam remuneração pelo cuidado prestado. As entrevistas foram realizadas no período de março a novembro de 2011 e foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: formulário de caracterização sociodemográfica, Social Network Index, Medical Outcomes Study, Índice de Barthel e Genograma. A análise descritiva foi realizada através de cálculo de medida de tendência central e de dispersão e cálculo de frequências. Foi realizado teste U de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis e correlação de Spearman. Foi adotado nível de significância de 5%. Todos os procedimentos éticos foram seguidos. Resultados: a maior parte dos pacientes era do sexo feminino, com idade média de 67 anos e totalmente dependente para atividades da vida diária. Os cuidadores eram, em sua maioria, do sexo feminino, com idade média de 52 anos, casadas e eram filhas do paciente. A rede social era composta principalmente pelos familiares, com média de quatro pessoas. O escore médio de apoio social total foi de 77,5. Cuidadores que não sabiam ler e que nunca haviam estudado apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as médias na dimensão material, emocional, de interação positiva e de informação. Verificou-se diferença entre as médias na dimensão afetiva para a variável presença de dor; na dimensão interação positiva também se observou diferença entre o escore médio na variável presença de companheiro e a presença de sobrecarga. A dimensão material apresentou correlação estatisticamente significativa com a variável idade e o número de familiares e amigos apresentou correlação com todas as dimensões de apoio social. Conclusão: a avaliação da rede e do apoio social de cuidadores familiares pode auxiliar os profissionais de saúde no planejamento da assistência e contribuir para amenizar o impacto do cuidado ao familiar que exerce essa função. / Introduction: social network is defined as the group with whom the person has a social bond, whilst social support refers to the level of satisfaction of the individuals with their relationships and can be grouped into five dimensions: material, affective, emotional, informational and positive interaction. Caring for a dependent relative can cause several changes in the caregivers life, which make them to depend even more on the support of their social network. Objective: to evaluate the social network and the support of family caregivers of dependent patients attended by a Home Care Service. Method: descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted in a Home Care Service located in the south of Sao Paulo city. The sample consisted of 110 family caregivers, who performed the activity for more than three months and did not receive payment for the care provided. The interviews were conducted from March to November 2011 and the following instruments were used: questionnaire of socio-demographic characteristics, Social Network Index, Medical Outcomes Study, Barthel Index and Genogram. A descriptive analysis was realized by calculating a measure of central tendency and dispersion and frequency calculation. The Mann-Whitney test U, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation were used. The significance level adopted was 5%. All ethical procedures were followed. Results: Most patients were female, with mean age of 67 years and totally dependent for activities of daily living. Caregivers were mostly female, with an average age of 52 years, married and daughters of the patient. The social network was composed mostly by family members, with an average of four persons. The average of the total social support was 77,5. Caregivers who could not read and who had no formal schooling showed statistically significant differences between the means presented in the material, emotional, positive interaction and information dimensions. There was a difference between the means in the affective dimension and the variable presence of pain; there was a difference in the dimension positive interaction between the mean score in the variable presence of companion and overload. The material dimension showed significant correlation with the variable age, and number of family and friends correlated with all dimensions of social support. Conclusion: The evaluation of social network and support of family caregivers can help health professionals in care planning and to mitigate the impact on the caregiver.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-29T11:50:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 suellendasilvamonteirolima.pdf: 2495048 bytes, checksum: 956581dc44564af645f83cfe52e12cc6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-03-03T14:14:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 suellendasilvamonteirolima.pdf: 2495048 bytes, checksum: 956581dc44564af645f83cfe52e12cc6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-03T14:14:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 suellendasilvamonteirolima.pdf: 2495048 bytes, checksum: 956581dc44564af645f83cfe52e12cc6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-13 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As cidades ocupam um lugar privilegiado nos debates sobre questões ambientais, pois o processo de urbanização ocorrido no século XX alcançou a marca de 84% da população brasileira vivendo em áreas urbanas. Essa crescente urbanização, que aliada a um espaço planejado por políticas de densificação, fazem com que mais pessoas enfrentem a perspectiva de viver em ambientes residenciais com menos espaços verdes. Por isso, é necessário um planejamento com bases, obrigatoriamente técnico-científicas, para a organização de um espaço que é disputado por vários fins como, circulação, habitação, infraestrutura etc. Apesar de alguns estudos discutirem a importância e a influência de áreas verdes na qualidade de vida da população, no Brasil ainda são poucos os esforços feitos com o intuito de relacionar urbanismo e espaço verde com saúde, de forma quantitativa. Contudo, isso não acontece no exterior onde, por exemplo, já podemos encontrar algumas pesquisas voltadas para esse campo. O objetivo dessa dissertação é investigar se existe uma relação significativa entre áreas verdes livres públicas urbanas e indicadores de saúde em Juiz de Fora - MG. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa epidemiológica, onde foi feito uma análise estatística relacionando dados de saúde, representado por taxas de internações do Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS devido a três causas de internações (doenças mentais, cardiovasculares e respiratórias) e dados de áreas verdes, representados pelos Índices de Áreas Verdes – IAV. Os resultados mostram que somente a relação entre as taxas de internações por doenças respiratórias e áreas verdes foi significativa. Concluímos que os resultados negativos para as doenças mentais e cardiovasculares podem ter sido causados devido ao tipo de dado, no caso a internação, por ser um dado muito intenso em relação à saúde, o que pode ter dificultado as relevâncias estatísticas. / Cities occupy a privileged place in debates about environmental issues because the process of urbanization occurred in the twentieth century reached the milestone of 84% of the brazilian population living in urban areas. This growing urbanization, which combined with a planned space for densification policies, make more people face the prospect of living in residential environments with less green spaces. Therefore, planning is necessary with bases mandatorily technical-scientific, to organize a space that is disputed by various purposes such as, circulation, housing, infrastructure, etc. Although some studies discuss the importance and influence of green areas on quality of life, in Brazil there are few efforts aimed at linking urban green space and health, in a quantitative manner. However, this does not happen abroad where, for example, we can find some current research focused on this field. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate whether there is a significant relationship between free public urban green areas and health indicators in Juiz de Fora - MG. To this end, we conducted an epidemiological survey, which was done a statistical analysis linking health data, represented by rates of hospitalizations health system - SUS due to three causes of hospitalizations (mental illness, cardiovascular and respiratory) and data areas green, represented by the Green Area Index - IAV. The results show that only the relationship between the rates of hospitalization for respiratory diseases and green areas was significant. We conclude that the negative results for cardiovascular and mental illness may have been caused due to the type of data, in case the hospitalization, to be a very intense given regarding health, which may have hampered the statistical relevance.

This thesis consists of three essays on the economics of sleep time and work stress. The first essay, “the impact of economic factors on sleep: the role of insomnia”, discusses the role played by insomnia on the link between economic variables and sleep time. Insomnia is a common phenomenon experienced by many Canadians. This paper uses the Canadian General Social Survey (GSS) 2005 to investigate the effect of economic factors on the sleep time of the labour force. It replicates previous work by Biddle and Hamermesh (1990) and then extends this work to look at the role played by insomnia on the link between economic variables and sleep time. The paper concludes that the presence of sleep problems can significantly change the impact of economic determinants such as wage and education on sleep time. This paper finds that a 10 percent increase in the wage rate decreases sleep time by almost 20 minutes per week for non-insomniacs while an increase in the wage rate does not have any impact on sleep time for insomniacs. In fact, the link between wage and sleep time appears to be broken for insomniacs as they do not want to, or cannot, sacrifice their sleep time in order to have more money in their pockets. The second essay, “sleep time and wages: the role of chronic diseases and work environment”, examines the role played by chronic diseases and work environment on the link between economic variables and sleep time. This paper, which expands on the work of the first essay, uses the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2001 to investigate the roles of insomnia, chronic diseases and stressful work environments on the link between the wage rate and sleep time. Whereas Biddle and Hamermesh (1990) report that individuals sleep 14 minutes less per week as a result of a 10% increase in the wage rate, I find that this number increases to 30 minutes for individuals without sleep problems while it is zero for insomniacs. Moreover, the impact of wages on sleep time is even more pronounced – more than 60 minutes per week - once account is taken of health conditions and of the work environment. Interestingly, these health and environmental effects are in addition to their impact on insomnia: in other words, individuals with chronic health problems who are not insomniacs do not respond to an increase in the wage rate by reducing their sleep time. This means that the actual impact of wages on sleep time for those who do not suffer from these conditions is much more important than originally reported by Biddle and Hamermesh (1990). The third essay, “are Québecers more stressed out at work than others? An investigation into the differences between Québec and the Rest of Canada in the level of work stress” discusses the level of stress experienced by workers in Canada. Work stress has a large socio-economic impact: it affects worker absenteeism, productivity, and family life. Psychological health problems including stress at workplace are an important issue in Canada. Using nine cycles spanning twelve years of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), I find that the level of work stress in Québec is much higher than in any other province. In Québec, 40% of the population report having quite a bit or extremely stressful jobs. In the other provinces, this number is much smaller, in the order of 30% in Ontario, Alberta, Manitoba and British Columbia, and even lower in the Atlantic Provinces. I find that Québec still has a higher level of reported work stress even after controlling for the main determinants of work stress: income, education, health, age, gender, marital status, children and work environment. Unionization rate and unemployment rate in the province do not seem to matter. However, I find that immigrants in Québec have less work stress than native-born Francophones. Also, Francophones in Québec and elsewhere have higher levels of work stress than Anglophones and Allophones. A body of literature has examined the subject of work stress, and while it has been noted by a few authors (Bordeleau and Traoré, 2007 and Lesage et al., 2010) that Québec is different; a thorough analysis of the causes of this phenomenon needs to be done. This paper estimates regression models that include a large number of factors such as age, gender, marital status, census metropolitan area (CMA), urban, immigrants, having young children, household type, living arrangement, mother tongue, language of conversation, race, education, income, working hours, part time job, health, physical activity, type of smoker, type of drinker, sense of belonging to community, provincial unionization rate and provincial unemployment rate to examine why there may be a consistent and persistent different between those who reside in Québec relative to the rest of Canada. I find that, even after controlling for those factors, work stress is still higher in Québec. This study suggests that differences in the legal systems and in cultures may be some of the reasons of the differences between Québec and the rest of Canada.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This thesis researched the relationship between alcohol consumption, socioeconomic characteristics and alcohol-related harms such as subjective health status, chronic health conditions and mental health status in South Africa. The study sought to determine if the alcohol harm paradox (AHP) exists in the country. The AHP is the empirical finding that socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals tend to suffer more alcohol-related harms compared to individuals who are socioeconomically advantaged, despite reporting similar or lower levels of alcohol consumption on average. The research presented the contextual background to alcohol consumption in the country that helped form the current drinking culture, which includes the harmful drinking culture fomented by the apartheid system in the townships and farms of South Africa. The study also reviewed the effectiveness of current alcohol policies and legislation in addressing alcohol-related harms in the South African society. / 2023

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