Many studies have investigated the differences in gait patterns with increasing heel height. The purpose of this investigation is to study the differences in gait patterns when wearing stiletto and wedge type high-heeled shoes with different heel designs versus barefoot walking. A Vicon 512 Motion Analysis system and four Kistler force plates were used to record changes in lower-extremity joint kinetics and kinematics in three conventional planes of motion. Additionally, electromyography (EMG) was used to assess differences in the behavior of selected muscles under each condition. Results showed that wearing of the high-heeled shoes increased vertical ground reaction forces during both early and late stance. Ankle dorsiflexion moment was significantly greater in stiletto type high-heeled shoes compared to wedge and barefoot conditions. A reduction in ankle plantar flexor moment and ankle power was observed between high heeled shoe conditions and barefoot walking during late stance. An increase in the integrated EMG values of soleus and gastrocnemius lateralis muscles was noted during stance, while gastrocnemius medialis integrated EMG values decreased in both type of high heeled shoes. Integrated EMG of tibialis anterior was also decreased throughout swing phase due to more plantarflexed foot position. Knee extension moment during late stance increased significantly in both shoe conditions. Additionally, rotational hip moments were significantly different in high-heeled shoes compared to barefoot condition during both early and late stance. Peak plantar/dorsiflexion angles as well as maximum knee flexion angles differed significantly during stance phase of walking between all conditions. Quadriceps activity was increased and prolonged throughout stance and full gait cycle to control knee flexion. There was a trend towards more severe biomechanical changes occurring in stiletto type high-heeled shoes in majority of the dependent variables. Future research should focus on the biomechanics of female gait using different designs of high heeled shoes considering the weight, age, and experience of the wearer. Furthermore, utilizing multi-segmental foot models in order to assess kinematic changes occurring in the entire foot segment and recruitment of triceps surae muscle group will provide more insight to instability of high-heeled gait in different designs of high heeled shoes.

The aim of this study was to determine the combined effects of high-heeled shoes and load carriage on gait and posture adaptation. Furthermore, the adaptation of gait and posture to the combined two conditions was examined by a comparison of the measured parameters between experienced and novice groups. 30 participants underwent a quantitative measurement of temporospatial, kinematic, and kinetic parameters of hip, knee, and ankle on both loaded and unloaded limbs using 3D motion analysis. Double support time and stride length increased during high-heeled gait and the magnitude of alteration was greater with a load. Increased plantarflexion was main cause of raised heel. Ankle plantarflexor moment increased with high-heeled but decreased with load carriage. As a result, plantarflexor moment diminished, in addition knee extensor moment exaggerated further. Hip extensor moment increased with heel height but not with load weight, however, hip angle was affected only by the load.

The aim of this study was to determine the combined effects of high-heeled shoes and load carriage on gait and posture adaptation. Furthermore, the adaptation of gait and posture to the combined two conditions was examined by a comparison of the measured parameters between experienced and novice groups. 30 participants underwent a quantitative measurement of temporospatial, kinematic, and kinetic parameters of hip, knee, and ankle on both loaded and unloaded limbs using 3D motion analysis. Double support time and stride length increased during high-heeled gait and the magnitude of alteration was greater with a load. Increased plantarflexion was main cause of raised heel. Ankle plantarflexor moment increased with high-heeled but decreased with load carriage. As a result, plantarflexor moment diminished, in addition knee extensor moment exaggerated further. Hip extensor moment increased with heel height but not with load weight, however, hip angle was affected only by the load.

The aim of this study was to determine the combined effects of high-heeled shoes and load carriage on gait and posture adaptation. Furthermore, the adaptation of gait and posture to the combined two conditions was examined by a comparison of the measured parameters between experienced and novice groups. 30 participants underwent a quantitative measurement of temporospatial, kinematic, and kinetic parameters of hip, knee, and ankle on both loaded and unloaded limbs using 3D motion analysis. Double support time and stride length increased during high-heeled gait and the magnitude of alteration was greater with a load. Increased plantarflexion was main cause of raised heel. Ankle plantarflexor moment increased with high-heeled but decreased with load carriage. As a result, plantarflexor moment diminished, in addition knee extensor moment exaggerated further. Hip extensor moment increased with heel height but not with load weight, however, hip angle was affected only by the load.

The aim of this study was to determine the combined effects of high-heeled shoes and load carriage on gait and posture adaptation. Furthermore, the adaptation of gait and posture to the combined two conditions was examined by a comparison of the measured parameters between experienced and novice groups. 30 participants underwent a quantitative measurement of temporospatial, kinematic, and kinetic parameters of hip, knee, and ankle on both loaded and unloaded limbs using 3D motion analysis. Double support time and stride length increased during high-heeled gait and the magnitude of alteration was greater with a load. Increased plantarflexion was main cause of raised heel. Ankle plantarflexor moment increased with high-heeled but decreased with load carriage. As a result, plantarflexor moment diminished, in addition knee extensor moment exaggerated further. Hip extensor moment increased with heel height but not with load weight, however, hip angle was affected only by the load.

The topic of this diploma thesis is "Influence of footwear on foot deformities in women - the role of nurses in prevention". The theoretical part is devoted to the foot anatomy, it describes the issue of heels on the foot and represents the Giraffe certification. The practical part of the qualitative research shows the role of nurses in preventing foot deformities for patients. This thesis has two goals. To find out what footwear affects the deformities of the legs in women and to find out what role the nurse plays in preventing this issue. The research questions are 1. What is the importance of wearing high-heeled shoes for women and how will this be reflected later? 2. What role do nurses attribute to the prevention in this issue? Data collection was collected by semi-structured interviews with nurses in the orthopaedic ward and orthopaedic clinics. The research sample consists of 20 respondents, the choice was deliberate and formed by snowball sampling. In February 2019, data was collected, which was subsequently terminated at the moment of theoretical saturation. The interview covered themes: wearing high-heeled shoes, leg deformities caused by high-heeled shoes, nurse-led prevention and education. The results show that only a fraction of nurses adhere to the role of a nurse who helps patients prevent leg deformities. The rest of the nurses leave prevention and education to doctors. This diploma thesis presents as a work output a poster, which can be an information material for nurses from the orthopaedic clinics and beds. The output of the thesis is an educational poster that will reflect the entire nursing issue in prevention (the role of a nurse, the deformity of the feet caused by high-heeled shoes, etc.).

1 Abstract The aim is to investigate whether the distal femoral cartilage (DFC), Achilles tendon (AT) and plantar fascia (PF) were different between healthy young women wearing high-heel shoes (HHS) (> 5 cm) and flat shoes (< 1.4 cm). Measurements from aforementioned structures were obtained by using ultrasound. There were 910 measurement parameters analyzed in total. There were 34 women in the HHS group (mean age 31.1±6.4 years; BMI 21.6 ± 2.3 kg/m2 ) and 57 women in the control group (mean age; 29.5 ± 7.3 years; BMI 22.5 ± 3.4 kg/m2 ). Wearing HHS resulted in thickening of the right medial DFC (2.00 ± 0.41 mm) and left AT (4.07 ± 0.48 mm) in women wearing HHS compared to flat shoes (1.96 ± 0.35 mm, 3.76 ± 0.66 mm, respectively). This might be interpreted as secondary to chronic overload. PF thicknesses were similar both within and between group. Our findings have shown significant thickening of the right medial DFC and left AT in women wearing HHS and these changes might be interpreted as secondary to chronic overload. Further follow-up studies are definitely awaited to provide a better insight into understanding the musculoskeletal consequences of this "social" issue ever-existing in ladies lives. The secondary aim of the thesis comprises two case reports: 1. the first is describing the usefulness of MSK...