This thesis deals with problems of healthy lifestyle in connection with prevention of civilization diseases. In the theoretical part of this work there are briefly described the most significant aspects of lifestyle which have an influence on human health. Then there is here mentioned prevention and some of the most common civilization diseases. Healthy lifestyle presents set of routines and behavior that according to contemporary scientific knowledge supports our health. We can imagine it for example like a style where most of components, which it is consisted of, have positive orientation and where physical activity, rational nutrition, no-smoking, reasonable drinking of alcohol and good human relations are on the first place. The aim of this work is detection of a lifestyle and following comparison of the results in a group of women and men and comparison of a lifestyle of people living in a town and in the country. Experimental population was formed by people living in a district of Jindrichuv Hradec aged 41- 55. First hypothesis - Among men will be more often detected negative factor of smoking {--} was confirmed. In research I found out that in the surveyed sample of people living in a district of Jindrichuv Hradec there regularly smoke 37,1 % of men and 22,2 % of women, which corresponds with the results of the study of HELEN which was this hypothesis built on. Second hypothesis - women will evaluate their health like worse {--} wasn't confirmed. The question ascertaining a subjective feeling of health was supposed to verify whether the findings of the study of the health condition and lifestyle of the inhabitants in the Czech Republic. 43,6 % of women and 35,4 % of men valued their lifestyle in a positive way, 14,6 % of women and 29,1 % of men in a negative way. Third hypothesis {--} People living in a town will more often feel stress in comparison with people living in the country {--} was confirmed. To a question {\clqq}Do you suffer from stress?" 90,4 % of people living in a town and 77 % of people living in the country answered positively.