Nos transplantes intervivos de fígado em adultos, o enxerto possui apenas uma artéria segmentar, cujo calibre e extensão são geralmente pequenos. Assim, a distância entre essa artéria do enxerto e a artéria hepática do receptor geralmente é grande e os calibres desproporcionais, tornando tecnicamente difícil a reconstrução arterial hepática. Nestes casos, pode-se utilizar um autoenxerto vascular de interposição para facilitar o procedimento, evitando-se assim complicações cirúrgicas. Objetivo: O presente trabalho se propôs a comparar a artéria mesentérica inferior (AMI), artéria esplênica (AE), artéria epigástrica inferior (AEI), ramo descendente da artéria circunflexa femoral lateral (ACFL) e artéria hepática própria (AHP) como opções de autoenxerto de interposição em transplantes de fígado intervivos em adultos. Método: Foram dissecados 16 cadáveres frescos e coletados as referidas artérias de cada um deles. As variáveis estudadas foram diâmetro do orifício proximal, do distal e comprimento. O diâmetro proximal da AHP e os diâmetros distais AE, AMI, AEI e ramo descendente da ACFL foram comparados ao diâmetro distal da AHD. Os diâmetros proximais e distais da AE, AEI e ramo descendente da ACFL foram comparados entre si para avaliar ganho de calibre. Resultados: Todas as artérias, exceto a AMI, apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante em relação à AHD quanto à diâmetro. Em termos de ganho de calibre, as artérias apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante. Todas as artérias, exceto a AHP, apresentaram comprimento de 3 cm. Conclusão: A AMI apresentou a melhor compatibilidade de diâmetro com a AHD e comprimento suficiente para uso como autoenxerto. A AHP, AE, AEI e o ramo descendente da ACFL apresentam calibre estatisticamente diferente da AHD. Destas, somente a AHP não apresentou média de comprimento suficiente para uso em transplante de fígado intervivos / In living donor liver transplantation, the graft presents only a segmental artery, which usually has small diameter and short extension. In these cases, an interpositional arterial autograft can be used in order to obtain vascular extension and better diameter compatibility, making the procedure easier and avoiding surgical complications. Aim: We compared the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), the splenic artery (SA), the inferior epigastric artery (IEA), the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) and the proper hepatic artery (PHA) as options of interpositional autograft in living donor liver transplantation. Method: Segments of at least 3 cm of all five arteries were harvested from 16 fresh adult cadavers from both genders through standardized dissection. The analyzed measures were proximal and distal diameter and length. The proximal diameter of RHA and the distal diameter of SA, IMA, IEA and the LCFA were compared to the distal diameter of the RHA. The proximal and distal diameters of the SA, IEA and the LCFA were compared to study caliber gain of each artery. Results: All arteries, except the IMA, showed statistical significant difference in relation to the RHA in terms of diameter. Regarding caliber gain, the arteries demonstrated statistical significant difference. All arteries, except PHA, presented length equal to 3 cm. Conclusion: The IMA demonstrated the best compatibility with the RHA in terms of diameter and has shown sufficient length to be employed as interpositional graft. The PHA, the SA, the IEA and the LCFA presented statistically significant different diameters when compared to the RHA. Among these vessels, only the PHA did not show sufficient mean length

<p>Systemic infection, major surgery, trauma and many other causes can lead to impaired organ function. Compensated shock is not detected by global hemodynamic and oxygen measurements, as they take no account for regional variations. Focus has therefore gradually turned from looking at systemic changes to selective investigations of regional blood flow and ischemia. This thesis presents a series of experiments evaluating new application and validation of various monitoring techniques.</p><p>An experimental porcine model with anesthetized and invasively monitored animals was used. The circulatory interventions included endotoxin infusion (septic shock), aortic constriction and selective clamping of splanchnic arteries. The aim was to compare air with saline tonometry, to validate the intraperitoneal use of tonometry and to reexamine the use of endoluminal reflectance pulse oxymetry. To investigate the relative contributions of regional blood flow and detection of ischemia, measurements of hepatic venous oxygen saturation (ShvO₂), lactate concentrations and PCO₂ gap were used.</p><p>Our findings support the use of air instead of saline as the preferred technique for tonometric measurements. With the intraperitoneal application of tonometry we gain more information on regional aspects of the splanchnic circulation, and it appears to be a reliable monitoring option for early detection of ischemia in the small intestine. Measurements of ShvO₂will give an overall reflection of the intestinal circulation. The sigmoid colonic pulse oximetry showed a non-linear response in relation to regional blood flow, and will therefore not be able to detect gradual changes in oxygen saturation. Determination of the regional to endtidal PCO₂ gap might prove valuable for monitoring of the intestinal circulation.</p><p>Because of sophisticated interactions between portal and hepatic arterial blood flow and hepatic compensation for regional ischemia, a combination of monitoring techniques might be needed. The results of this study will hopefully encourage clinical evaluation of intraperitoneal tonometry and endtidal PCO₂ gap recordings for non-invasive, semi-continuous, trend monitoring of the splanchnic circulation.</p>

Systemic infection, major surgery, trauma and many other causes can lead to impaired organ function. Compensated shock is not detected by global hemodynamic and oxygen measurements, as they take no account for regional variations. Focus has therefore gradually turned from looking at systemic changes to selective investigations of regional blood flow and ischemia. This thesis presents a series of experiments evaluating new application and validation of various monitoring techniques. An experimental porcine model with anesthetized and invasively monitored animals was used. The circulatory interventions included endotoxin infusion (septic shock), aortic constriction and selective clamping of splanchnic arteries. The aim was to compare air with saline tonometry, to validate the intraperitoneal use of tonometry and to reexamine the use of endoluminal reflectance pulse oxymetry. To investigate the relative contributions of regional blood flow and detection of ischemia, measurements of hepatic venous oxygen saturation (ShvO2), lactate concentrations and PCO2 gap were used. Our findings support the use of air instead of saline as the preferred technique for tonometric measurements. With the intraperitoneal application of tonometry we gain more information on regional aspects of the splanchnic circulation, and it appears to be a reliable monitoring option for early detection of ischemia in the small intestine. Measurements of ShvO2 will give an overall reflection of the intestinal circulation. The sigmoid colonic pulse oximetry showed a non-linear response in relation to regional blood flow, and will therefore not be able to detect gradual changes in oxygen saturation. Determination of the regional to endtidal PCO2 gap might prove valuable for monitoring of the intestinal circulation. Because of sophisticated interactions between portal and hepatic arterial blood flow and hepatic compensation for regional ischemia, a combination of monitoring techniques might be needed. The results of this study will hopefully encourage clinical evaluation of intraperitoneal tonometry and endtidal PCO2 gap recordings for non-invasive, semi-continuous, trend monitoring of the splanchnic circulation.

Submitted by Ana Lúcia Torres (bfmhuap@gmail.com) on 2017-09-28T13:11:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO KLAUS STEINBRUCK.pdf: 1704112 bytes, checksum: 061dda187540e95c23369cc5a57f8c98 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lúcia Torres (bfmhuap@gmail.com) on 2017-09-28T13:12:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO KLAUS STEINBRUCK.pdf: 1704112 bytes, checksum: 061dda187540e95c23369cc5a57f8c98 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-28T13:12:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO KLAUS STEINBRUCK.pdf: 1704112 bytes, checksum: 061dda187540e95c23369cc5a57f8c98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Hospital Federal de Bonsucesso, Serviço de Cirurgia Hepato-Biliar / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as complicações associadas às reconstruções vasculares nos receptores de Transplante Hepático Intervivos operados no Hospital Federal de Bonsucesso, no período de dezembro de 2001 e fevereiro de 2011. Foram levantados dados referentes aos receptores, seus respectivos doadores e relacionados ao procedimento cirúrgico, visando identificar possíveis fatores de risco ao desenvolvimento das complicações vasculares. Cento e quarenta e quatro transplantes foram realizados em 141 receptores, 76 adultos e 65 crianças. Foram identificadas sete complicações (4,9% do total) da artéria hepática, cinco complicações (3,5%) da veia porta e uma complicação (0,7%) da veia hepática. Devido ao pequeno número de complicações, não foi possível realizar análise estatística de fatores de risco. A sobrevida em um ano dos pacientes com e sem complicação vascular foi de 26% e 82%, respectivamente. A sobrevida em um ano dos enxertos utilizados em pacientes com e sem complicação vascular foi de 15% e 82%, respectivamente. Houve diferença estatística (p < 0,001) na sobrevida de pacientes e enxertos, que foi menor no grupo que apresentou complicações vasculares. Concluiu-se que as técnicas de reconstrução vascular utilizadas no Hospital Federal de Bonsucesso apresentam resultados comparáveis aos grandes centros internacionais. A presença de complicação na reconstrução vascular diminui a sobrevida do receptor e do enxerto / The objective of this study was to evaluate the complications associated with vascular reconstruction in recipients of living donor liver transplantation at Bonsucesso Federal Hospital, between December 2001 and February 2011. Data associated to recipients, their donors and surgical procedure were collected to identify possible risk factors for vascular complications development. One hundred and forty-four transplants were performed in 141 recipients, 76 adults and 65 children. We identified seven hepatic artery complications (4.9% of total), five complications (3.5%) of portal vein and one complication (0.7%) of hepatic vein. Due to the small number of complications, statistical analysis of risk factors could not be performed. The 1-year survival of patients with and without vascular complications was 26% and 82%, respectively. The 1-year survival of grafts in patients with and without vascular complications was 15% and 82%, respectively. There was statistical difference (p <0.001) on survival of patients and grafts, which was lower in the group with vascular complications. It was concluded that techniques used in vascular reconstruction at Bonsucesso Federal Hospital showed results comparable to major international centers. The presence of vascular complications in the reconstruction decreases survival of recipients and grafts