Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2001. / "A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Western Sydney" Bibliography : leaves 193-208.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, The Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, 2006. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-177).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references.

Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2004.

Ulm, Univ. Diss., 2006.

München, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2002.

Submitted by PEDRO MADY BERTOLINI null (pedro.bertolini@hotmail.com) on 2017-12-05T17:54:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL.pdf: 846707 bytes, checksum: 4fef262520629daeeadbe842680821eb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2017-12-06T13:11:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bertolini_pm_me_bot.pdf: 846707 bytes, checksum: 4fef262520629daeeadbe842680821eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-06T13:11:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bertolini_pm_me_bot.pdf: 846707 bytes, checksum: 4fef262520629daeeadbe842680821eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-20 / O vírus da hepatite E (HEV) é um importante problema para a saúde pública e uma das principais causas de hepatite entérica em todo o mundo, podendo ser transmitido pelo consumo de carne suína contaminada. O trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar a prevalência do HEV em suínos de criações intensivas e tecnificadas, abatidos em matadouro-frigorífico sob Inspeção Sanitária. Foram coletadas 140 amostras de fezes de suínos de 14 propriedades distintas dos estados de São Paulo e Santa Catarina. As técnicas de diagnósticos moleculares nas amostras de fezes foram Nested RT-PCR e sequenciamento de Sanger para identificação da presença do vírus da hepatite E e o genótipo para elucidar os dados epidemiológicos. Os suínos não apresentaram doenças ou sinais clínicos no exame ante mortem e no exame post mortem. Os fígados não apresentaram lesões macroscópicas e contaminações gastrointestinais visíveis, portanto, as vísceras e carcaças foram destinadas ao consumo humano. Foram identificados 1,4% de suínos infectados pelo HEV genótipo 3. O vírus da Hepatite E, genótipos 3 e 4 tem caráter zoonótico, podendo gerar grande impacto na Saúde Pública. Diante disso, deve-se haver cuidados na manipulação de produtos possivelmente contaminados pelo HEV, evitando assim a contaminação cruzada, e, também, tratando termicamente a carne e derivados de suínos, a fim de garantir a inocuidade alimentar. / Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major public health problem and one of the leading causes of enteric hepatitis worldwide and can be transmitted through the consumption of contaminated pork. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HEV in pigs from intensive and technified farms slaughtered at a slaughterhouse under Sanitary Inspection. A total of 140 swine feces samples were collected from 14 different properties in the states of São Paulo and Santa Catarina. Molecular diagnostic techniques in faecal samples were Nested RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing to identify the presence of hepatitis E virus and the genotype to elucidate epidemiological data. The pigs had no disease or clinical signs on antemortem and post-mortem examination. The livers did not present macroscopic lesions and visible gastrointestinal contaminations, therefore the viscera and carcasses were destined for human consumption. A total of 1.4% of HEV genotype 3 infected pigs were identified. The hepatitis E virus, genotypes 3 and 4, is zoonotic in nature and can have a great impact on public health. In view of this, care must be taken in the handling of products possibly contaminated by HEV, thus avoiding cross-contamination, and also by thermally treating meat and pork products in order to guarantee food safety.

Revisión por pares

Hepatitis C is a public health crisis in both developing and developed countries. Direct acting antiviral therapies have revolutionized the fight against Hepatitis C, making the worldwide eradication of the disease feasible. However, screening and access to care for vulnerable patients – especially for patients experiencing homelessness – are lacking. Homelessness exacerbates the effects of Hepatitis C, leading to poor health outcomes for individual patients and high costs for health providers and taxpayers. One potential solution is investing in affordable housing and the housing first model that provide the stability needed to address both acute and chronic health conditions, including Hepatitis C. Partnerships between patients and providers facilitated by supportive housing can benefit individual outcomes and decrease the financial and social costs to communities.

Orientador: Paulo Inácio da Costa / Banca: Iguatemy Lourenço Brunetti / Banca: Fernanda de Freitas Aníbal / Resumo: Os perfis metabólicos correlacionam-se com a infecção pelo VHC e são prognósticos da resposta viral em pacientes crônicos. Porém, pouco se sabe a respeito da associação entre perfis lipídicos e carga viral do VHC entre infecções dos genótipos 1, 2 ou 3. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influência da viremia e dos genótipos do VHC sobre o metabolismo lipídico através das variações de lipoproteínas séricas (colesterol total, LDL, HDL, VLDL, triglicérides) e apolipoproteína B (Apo B) em hepatopatas crônicos, avaliando se o VHC predispõe os indivíduos ao aparecimento de complicações vasculares. O grupo amostral constituiu-se de um total de 150 pacientes crônicos do VHC com genótipos 1, 2 ou 3, e de um grupo controle de 20 indivíduos saudáveis (10 homens e 10 mulheres) em idade adulta (20 à 50 anos). Os níveis séricos de HDL (28%), VLDL (26%) e triglicérides (26%) nos portadores crônicos do VHC se mostraram diminuídos em relação ao grupo controle, enquanto os níveis de LDL (25%) e Apo B (29%) se mostraram elevados, resultados que foram mais importantes nos portadores do genótipo 3a. Observou-se correlação positiva entre a viremia e alterações nos níveis de apo B (r = 0,5763) nos portadores do genótipo 1b. Assim, foi pressuposto que o risco de pacientes portadores do VHC desenvolverem complicações vasculares é elevado, pois 1% de redução nos níveis de LDL está associado com uma redução de 2-3% no risco de desenvolvimento de doenças cardíacas, e como cerca de 90% da proteína na LDL se constitui de apo B, sua concentração plasmática indica o número total de partículas potencialmente aterogênicas. Desta forma, o perfil lipídico auxilia no diagnóstico da severidade da infecção hepática causada pelo VHC e ainda atua como um bom sinal prognóstico. / Abstract: The metabolic profiles correlate with the hepatitis C virus infection and are prognostics for the viral reply in chronic patients. However, little is known regarding the distinguishing association between lipid profiles and hepatitis C viral load in patients carrying genotypes 1, 2 or 3. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study viremia and genotypes on the lipid metabolism through the serum lipoprotein variations (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, VLDL, triglycerides) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) in chronic carriers of this infection, evaluating if the HCV premakes the individual to the lipidic disequilibrium and favors the appearance of vascular complications. The amostral group consisted of 150 HCV chronic patients with genotypes 1, 2 or 3, and a control group consisted of 20 healthful individuals (10 men and 10 women) in adult age (20 to 50 years). The levels of HDL (28%), VLDL (26%) and triglycerides (26%) of the HCV chronic patients were lower than the control group, while the LDL levels (25%) and the Apo B levels (29%) were higher. These findings were more significant in the genotype 3a carrying patients. Positive correlation occurred between the viremia and the alterations in the Apo B levels (r = 0.5763) in the genotype 1b carrying patients. Consequently it was inferred that the risk of HCV patients to develop vascular complication is elevated. In general, 1% of reduction in the LDL levels is associated with a reduction of 2-3% in the risk of development of cardiac illnesses, and, as about 90% of the protein in the LDL is constituted of apo B, its plasmatic concentration indicates the total potentially atherogenics particles number. The lipid profile aids in the diagnosis of the severity of the hepatic infection and equally acts as a good signal prognostic, therefore its analysis must be carried through in all the cases of advanced hepatic infection. / Mestre