O Sal da Terra (Salt of the Earth) de 1954 de Herbert Biberman (1900-1971) foi emblemático para a história do cinema americano. O filme baseado em um evento real da história americana uma greve de mineiros no Novo México foi censurado durante o período da Guerra Fria e aqueles que fizeram parte de sua produção foram perseguidos por longos períodos, tendo suas carreiras arruinadas dentro do território americano. O objetivo deste estudo é demonstrar que as escolhas feitas por aqueles que produziram, dirigiram e participaram do filme revelam o posicionamento político, social e cultural fruto das lutas históricas de cada um dos grupos participantes. A maneira como Herbert Biberman (diretor), Paul Jarrico (produtor) e Michael Wilson (roteirista) criaram um filme de gênero híbrido e as escolhas estéticas e técnicas necessárias para sua consecução demonstram um resultado baseado na crença política dos criadores aliado à vontade de um povo em mostrar sua história. A análise será feita tendo textos basilares de autores como Walter Benjamin, Peter Szondi e Bertold Brecht, tratando questões relacionadas à forma de narrar e de mostrar através de escolhas baseadas na história. Também foram de grande ajuda os textos históricos de Rodolfo Acuña sobre o povo do Novo México, bem como os textos referentes ao filme em si. Considerar para esta análise a base histórica e política de todos que, de alguma maneira, participaram do filme é fator essencial para a compreensão e entendimento deste trabalho. / Salt of the Earth was emblematic to the history of the American cinema. The movie based on a true event of American history a miner strike in New Mexico was suppressed during the period of Cold War, and those who worked in its production were pursued for a long time, and their carriers were ruined inside American territory. The aim of this study is to show that the choices made by those who produced, directed and participated in the film reveal the political, social and cultural positioning, result of the historical fights of each group inside the movie. The way as Herbert Biberman (director), Paul Jarrico (producer), and Michael Wilson (screenwriter) created a movie with a hybrid genre and the aesthetic choices and techniques needed for its consecution shows a result based on creators political belief, allied with the people desire in showing its history. The analysis was made with authors basilar texts as Walter Benjamin, Peter Szondi, Bertold Brecht, treating questions related to the way of telling and showing through the choices based on history. It was also helpful the historical text from Rodolfo Acuña about New Mexico, as well the texts referred to the movie itself. Considering to this analysis the historical and political basis of everyone who, in any way, worked in the movie, is an essential factor to the understanding and comprehension of this job.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo problematizar a inserção da teoria das pulsões no pensamento de Herbert Marcuse, mais especificamente em sua obra publicada em 1955 sob o título Eros e civilização: uma interpretação filosófica do pensamento de Freud. Aproximadamente três décadas antes a essa publicação de Marcuse, Freud publicou a obra que rearticulou como um todo o seu pensamento: o ensaio sobre a hipótese da Pulsão de Morte. Tal foi a sua repercussão, tanto clínica como cultural, que fez com que a psicanálise avançasse em temas como o masoquismo, a compulsão à repetição, a psicologia de massas e a destrutividade, chegando mesmo a problematizar o desenvolvimento cultural humano em sua possibilidade de garantir a vida comunal diante de uma pulsão para além do princípio de prazer. Não obstante, a recepção dessa conceituação provocou diversas revisões da psicanálise. Dentre as que aqui interessam, destacaram-se aquelas que foram atravessadas pelas questões relativas ao socialismo, já que questionaram a condição de imutabilidade da Pulsão de Morte. Contudo, as propostas desse Revisionismo Neofreudiano, que tentava articular marxismo e psicanálise, culminaram na extirpação da teoria das pulsões, dessexualizando a psicanálise. Ao criticar essa tendência popular, à época, a obra de Marcuse renovou o impasse: como inserir a metapsicologia, especialmente o conceito de Pulsão de Morte, no contexto das pesquisas do Instituto para Pesquisa Social de Frankfurt, fundamentalmente marxista? O autor realocou a psicanálise no debate crítico sobre a cultura, renovando também outra questão que se vinculava à Pulsão de Morte: a relação entre dominação e progresso constituiria realmente o princípio da civilização? Sob esse contexto, a presente pesquisa articulou os seguintes pontos, a fim de esclarecer as ressonâncias da teoria das pulsões no pensamento de Marcuse: a) buscou-se esclarecer a crítica marcuseana às escolas culturalistas Neofreudianas; b) procurou-se compreender alguns pontos da conceituação sobre a Pulsão de Morte na obra de Freud; c) e, por fim, os desdobramentos dessa pulsão na obra Eros e civilização. Pode-se apontar que Marcuse centrou o debate sobre a cultura no conflito entre os princípios de prazer e realidade. Entretanto, o autor não negou a Pulsão de Morte em suas análises, mas a sua atividade numa realidade regida pelo princípio de desempenho, comparada com sua atividade regida por um mais além princípio de desempenho, já que, aliviada a tensão, pouco se expressaria. Problematizou-se a conclusão dessa obra, pois, não sendo a Pulsão de Morte somente alívio de tensão, ela insistiu na dinâmica da civilização como negação do indivíduo. A proposição de uma utopia foi questionada posteriormente pelo próprio autor e, assim, permaneceu seu posicionamento crítico, na medida em que compreendeu, nas próprias conceituações da psicanálise, a negação do existente, ou seja, a revelação da negação do indivíduo / The present work aims to debate the insertion of the drive theory in Herbert Marcuses thinking, as per, more specifically, this authors work Eros and Civilization: a philosophical inquiry into Freud published in 1955. Approximately three decades before this Marcuses publication, Freud had published a work which articulated his thinking as a whole: the essay on the hypothesis of the death drive. The great repercussion of the former work, in both clinical and cultural terms, made psychoanalysis advance in themes such as masochism, compulsion to repetition, crowd psychology and destructivity, besides having discussed human cultural development within its possibility of guaranteeing communal life in the face of a drive, which goes beyond pleasure principle. Nevertheless, the approach of this new concept provoked many reviews in the psychoanalysis area one of which we can highlight. Questions related to socialism were examined, as they referred to the immutability of the condition of the death drive. However, the proposals of this Neo-Freudian Revisionism which tried to merge Marxism and psychoanalysis, terminated in the extirpation of the theory of drives and generated an opposed movement to the previously accepted eroticization of psychoanalysis. As Marcuses work criticized such a popular trend at that time, it renewed the dilemma: how to insert metapsychology, particularly the death drive concept, in the context of the researches carried out in the Institute of Social Research of Frankfurt which was fundamentally Marxist? The author reallocated psychoanalysis in the midst of critical debate on culture, and also renewed another inquiry that is linked to the death drive: would the relationship between dominance and progress really constitute the principle of civilization? In this context, this research discussed the following points to clarify the echoes of the drive theory in Marcuses thinking: a) by trying to elucidate Marcusean critical theory to the Neo- Freudian culturalist schools; b) by analyzing some elements in the concept of death drive in Freuds work; c) ultimately, by understanding the outcome of death drive in Eros and Civilization: a philosophical inquiry into Freud. Furthermore, we can point out that Marcuse focused the debate about culture on the conflict between the principles of pleasure and reality. Still, the author did not discredit death drive itself in his analysis, but its mechanisms in a reality led by performance principle if compared to the previously referred drives action conducted by a beyond the performance principle, as the death drive would be nonexpressive after tension had been released. Also, the conclusion of that book was examined, as death drive is not only tension release. Moreover, that work insisted on the point that the dynamics of civilization can be considered a denial of the individual. The proposition of a utopia was questioned afterwards by the author himself. Thus, his assertion remained a critical one as Marcuse understood the denial of the existent in his own concept of psychoanalysis, that is, the revelation of the negation of the individual

Submitted by Larissa Cestari (larissacestari@oi.com.br) on 2013-04-18T18:52:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - PDF.pdf: 3273063 bytes, checksum: 5c1f8049678413b93f972cfe8c8ae5fc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2013-04-18T19:00:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - PDF.pdf: 3273063 bytes, checksum: 5c1f8049678413b93f972cfe8c8ae5fc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rafael Aguiar (rafael.aguiar@fgv.br) on 2013-05-10T15:34:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - PDF.pdf: 3273063 bytes, checksum: 5c1f8049678413b93f972cfe8c8ae5fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-14T13:35:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - PDF.pdf: 3273063 bytes, checksum: 5c1f8049678413b93f972cfe8c8ae5fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-25 / This dissertation analyzes the political opposition movement against João Goulart‟s administration (1961 - 1964), led by the Paulista liberal elite, simultaneously involving business segments and political leaders affiliated to the União Democrátic a Nacional (UDN). To understand such movement, I chose to examine the newspaper Notícias Populares , founded in 1963 by the national president of UDN, the Paulista entrepreneur Herbert Levy, as part of his strategy against Goulart. The newspaper aimed at re aders from the urban popular classes in São Paulo. The goal of this dissertation is to understand the role played by Notícias Populares in the political struggle of the period, which implies also the analysis of the perception of the popular classes by the sector represented by Levy in the beginning of the 1960s. / Esta dissertação tem como tema mais amplo o movimento político de oposição ao governo João Goulart (1961-64) promovido pela elite liberal paulista, que englobava, ao mesmo tempo, segmentos do empresariado e lideranças políticas filiadas à União Democrática Nacional (UDN). Para entender esse movimento, elegi como objeto de estudo o jornal Notícias Populares, criado, em 1963, como parte das estratégias empreendidas por Herbert Levy, empresário paulista, e, à época, presidente nacional da UDN, contra o governo Goulart. O jornal era voltado para leitores oriundos das classes populares urbanas de São Paulo. O objetivo desta dissertação é compreender o papel desempenhado por Notícias Populares na luta política do período, o que implica, também, analisar a percepção dos setores representados por Herbert Levy sobre o papel das classes populares no início dos anos de 1960.

Cette thèse défend les mérites d’une lecture cyborgienne de l’oeuvre de science-fiction de Frank Herbert, Dune, où la vision particulière des sciences et technologies nous permet d’interpréter plusieurs personnages en tant que réitération Nouvelle Vague du cyborg. Publié en 1965, Dune introduit des personnages féminins atypiques pour cette époque compte tenu de leurs attributs tels qu’une capacité intellectuelle accrue, une imposante puissance de combat et une immunité manifeste contre la faiblesse émotionnelle. Cependant, le roman reste ambivalent en ce qui concerne ces femmes : en dépit de leurs qualités admirables, elles sont d’autre part caractérisées par des stéréotypes régressifs, exposants une sexualité instinctive, qui les confinent tout au mieux aux rôles de mère, maitresse ou épouse. Finalement, dans le roman, elles finissent par jouer le rôle du méchant. Cette caractérisation se rapproche beaucoup de celle du cyborg femelle qui est d’usage courant dans les productions de science fiction pour le grand public des décennies plus récentes. Par conséquent, cette thèse défend qu’une lecture cyborgienne de Dune complète et accroisse une analyse sexospécifique, car cette approche comporte une théorisation essentielle des réactions à l’égard de la technologie qui, selon Evans, sont entretissées dans la réaction patriarcale de ce roman à l’égard des femmes. Bien que ces créatures fictives ne soient pas encore communes à l’époque de la rédaction de Dune, Jessica et certains autres personnages du roman peuvent néanmoins être considérés comme exemples primitifs des cyborgs, parce qu’ils incarnent la science et la technologie de leur culture et qu’ils possèdent d’autres éléments typiques du cyborg. L’hypothèse propose que la représentation des femmes dans Dune ne découle pas seulement de l’attrait pour le chauvinisme ou la misogynie, mais qu’elle est en fait grandement influencée par la peur de la technologie qui est transposée sur la femme comme c’est couramment le cas dans la littérature cyborg subséquente. Ainsi, ce roman annonce le futur sous-genre cyborg de la science-fiction. / Evans argues for the merits of a cyborgian reading of Frank Herbert’s seminal science fiction novel, Dune, on the basis that the novel’s particular conception of science and technology allows many of the characters to be understood as New Wave iterations of the cyborg. First published in 1965, Dune includes female characters uncharacteristic for the genre during this period due to the degree of their intelligence, formidable fighting powers, and seeming freedom from emotional weakness. However, the novel is ambivalent about its super-women: despite their admirable qualities, they are otherwise depicted in retrogressive stereotypes, representing the instinctual sex, naturally best limited to roles of mothers, lovers, and wives; by the novel’s conclusion they are cast as villains. This particular characterization of women shares many qualities with the trope of the female cyborg that becomes common in mass media science fiction of later decades. Therefore, this thesis argues that a cyborgian reading of Dune complements and augments a gender analysis of the novel because this approach incorporates an essential theorization of the reactions to technology that, according to Evans, are interwoven into the novel’s patriarchal response to women. Although these fictional creatures were not yet common at the time of Dune’s writing, Jessica and other characters in the novel can be read nonetheless as early examples of cyborgs because they physically embody their culture’s science and technology, and are consistent with other important hallmarks of the figure. The argument is that Herbert’s depiction of women in Dune does not just arise from an appeal to male chauvinism and misogyny, but is, in fact, strongly influenced by a fear of technology that is projected onto women, as is commonly seen in later cyborg literature. According to such a reading, the novel foreshadows the later cyborg sub-genre of science fiction.

Le développement de la pensée d’Herbert Marcuse peut se comprendre comme le résultat d’un effort pour trouver un fondement de la critique autre que celui, absolument inévitable en philosophie, de la Raison. De son adhésion initiale à l’inspiration hégélienne de la Théorie critique jusqu’au renversement de ses fondements au courant de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Marcuse a refusé obstinément de nuancer son analyse du déclin des capacités de négation de l’ordre établi dans la société industrielle avancée, mais sans pour autant renoncer à identifier ce qui, « de l’intérieur », pouvait encore receler un potentiel de transformation. Marcuse tente en effet d’échapper à l’aporie inhérente à sa critique radicale de la Raison en s’efforçant de trouver dans les différentes sphères de l’existence humaine une dimension encore capable de résister à son intégration totalitaire dans le capitalisme avancé. Ce projet de recherche vise donc à établir, à travers une incursion dans la conception moderne de la Raison et la critique fondamentale que Marcuse lui adresse, s’il existe dans son oeuvre une alternative théorique pour une critique sociale qui ne prétendrait plus trouver dans la Raison ses fondements. Trois « moments » de la pensée de Marcuse seront examinés : d’abord celui de son engagement en faveur d’une « organisation rationnelle de la société », où se dévoilent ses attaches à Hegel et au projet initial de la Théorie critique ; ensuite celui de la critique de la Raison, où Marcuse brise ses liens avec cet idéal moderne et expose la relation qui arrime étroitement la Raison à la « logique de la domination » ; puis, finalement, celui où s’esquisse la possibilité de fonder, sur le terrain de la sensibilité, une autre forme de rationalité. / The development of Herbert Marcuse’s thought can be understood as the result of an effort to look for a ground for critique other than Reason, the cornerstone of philosophical thought. From his initial adhesion to the Hegelian inspirations of critical theory until the overturning of their foundations during World War II, Marcuse stubbornly refused to temper his observations on the weakening ability to reject the establishment in advanced industrial societies while still searching for that which could, “from the inside”, harbor potential for transformation. Marcuse strives indeed to avoid the inherent aporias of his radical critique of Reason by searching for a dimension of human existence still capable of resisting its totalitarian integration to late capitalism. Through an incursion into the modern understanding of Reason and its Marcusian critique, our study thereby aims to determine if a theoretical alternative exists within Marcuse’s thought for a socio-critical standpoint that no longer relies on the traditional grounds of Reason. Three “moments” of Marcuse’s thought will be analyzed: firstly, his theoretical involvement in favor of a “rational organization of society”, where Marcuse’s ties to Hegel and the original project of critical theory appear more clearly; secondly, his critique of Reason, where Marcuse moves away from this modern ideal and exposes the link that inextricably relates Reason to the “logic of domination”; and, lastly, his sketch of the possibility of establishing another form of rationality rooted in the field of sensibility.

No description available.

This dissertation explores the influence of Reformation representational anxiety on early seventeenth-century poetic depictions of Christ. I study the poetic shift from physical to metaphorical portrayals of Christ that occurred after the English Reformation infused religious symbols and visual images with transgressive power. Contextualizing the juncture between visual and verbal representation, I examine the poetry alongside historical artifacts including paternosters, a painted glass window, an emblem, sermons, and the account of a state trial in order to trace signs of sensory “loss” in the verse of John Donne, George Herbert, Aemilia Lanyer, and John Milton. The introduction provides a historical and poetic overview of sixteenth-century influences on religious verse. The first chapter contrasts Donne’s sermons—which vividly describe Christ—with his poems, in which Christ’s face is often obscured or avoided. In the chapter on George Herbert's The Temple, I show how Herbert’s initial, physical portraits of Christ increasingly give way to metaphorical images as the book progresses, paralleling the Reformation’s internalization of images. The third chapter shows that Aemilia Lanyer’s Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum makes use of pastoral conventions to fashion Christ as a shepherd-spouse, the divine object of desire. In the final chapter I argue that three poems from John Milton’s 1645 volume can be read as containing signs of Milton’s emerging Arianism. Depictions of Christ in the poetry of Donne, Herbert, Lanyer, and Milton reveal the period’s contestation over images; the sensory strain of these metaphorical representations results in memorable, vivid verse.

Dorothea Herbert was an Irish provincial writer who did not publish during her lifetime. Only three of her manuscripts are now extant: a collection of poetry, Poetical Eccentricities Written by an Oddity (1793), an illustrated memoir, Retrospections of an Outcast (1806) and a Journal which covers the years 1806-7. All three manuscripts were missing for long periods and some doubts as to their existence and authenticity made many scholars reluctant to study her work. There is almost no documented historical evidence of her life and our only access to her is through her writing. The internal evidence of her writing suggests that by 1806 she was suffering from a serious mental illness. Nevertheless, her works reveal a relatively hidden world of literary practice in Ireland in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Studied alongside the manuscripts and printed works of a range of contemporary writers, Herbert’s extant manuscripts uncover a complex and informal literary culture. This textual world is dependent on print culture but operates independently of it in a closed system of gift-giving and manuscript circulation. In this thesis I explore the influence of print culture on the writing and reading practices of Herbert and her contemporaries. The thesis is divided into five chapters which examine: the history of Herbert’s manuscripts and those of her contemporaries, their writing as material practice, the cultures in which they read the writing and circulation of manuscripts and the history of the print trade in Ireland in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.

This essay explores the influence of contemporary values in two iterations of the Greek Prometheus myth and argues that the events portrayed in the two texts follow the structure of the myth and that the discourse in the texts shows traces of contemporary moral values. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818) is used as a starting point, but the focus is on Howard Phillip Lovecraft’s “Herbert West: Reanimator” (1922) as a later iteration of the Prometheus myth.The method for comparison is centred on disassembling the texts in accordance with the instructions found in Mieke Bal’s Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative (1997) to form tables of events. The functions of the events found in the Prometheus myth will then be used to sort the events from Lovecraft’s and Shelley’s work to assert focal points for comparing the moral values in the discourse.

Frank Herbert’s Dune is generally recognized as the best-selling science fiction novel of all time. While it is commonly referred to as a novel of environmental characteristics, this essay investigates the depiction of society and how the power dynamics in this far future setting are presented. I argue that Dune’s portrayal of power within the state apparatuses of the ideological and repressive kind are to be related to issues and concerns that were observable within the state powers of America and the west during the decades of 1950 and 60. By using the concepts and theories of Louis Althusser and Michel Foucault, I claim that the centralized ideology found within the whole state apparatus of Dune endangers the freedoms of the individual in ways that can be related to its contemporary real-world setting. The first part of the essay is an exploratory investigation in how power is being expressed within the two institutions of the military and the church, as well as how the protagonist deals with the burden of authority. This is analyzed in terms of Althusser’s arguments on the reproduction of ideology and the Foucauldian concepts of biopolitics and disciplinary expressions. The second part revolves around a historicist approach, namely how these expressions within the novel are related to the contemporary setting of the United States and its western neighbours. This latter analysis addresses the foreign and domestic policy of the western powers and how, I argue, these are exemplified to an extent within the pages of the novel. This discussion shows how centralized power is presented as an issue due to the influence of ideology, how the different institutions that we perceive as secular and independent become tools for social injustice. Such instances revolve around the subtle insertion of religious values in state affairs and how imperialist intervention is legitimized by the defense of economic and cultural interests, but also how societies are prone to react in the presence of charismatic leaders. Apart from this I also emphasize how the status and subsequent influential significance of Dune have come to play an important part in the development of its genre and how its capabilities of social commentary have been vital to the emergence of “soft” science fiction.