Ce mémoire porte sur les processus de catégorisation et les modes de prise en charge des populations sans logement par l’État français à deux époques que sont la fin du XIXème siècle et la fin du XXème siècle (1880-1910 et 1980-2008). Au cours de ces deux périodes charnières, les transformations socio-économiques brouillent les dispositifs traditionnels de prise en charge de populations sans logement et conduisent progressivement l’État à une redéfinition de ces populations sur le plan administratif ainsi qu’à un resserrement sur le plan juridique. L’analyse met en évidence la résistance des discours juridiques et politiques face aux transformations sociales avant d’étudier l’émergence de nouvelles catégories et de nouveaux dispositifs pour appréhender et contrôler ces populations. Les sources utilisées (juridico-politiques et médicales) permettent de nuancer l’analyse dominante proposée jusqu’alors par Castel, qui néglige les sources médicales dans son étude des bouleversements sociaux et de la prise en charge des populations marginalisées aux deux époques. Enfin, le travail de catégorisation des populations marginalisées de la part de l’État s’oppose à une résistance de la part des populations elles-mêmes qui débordent les catégories et les dispositifs mis en œuvre pour les appréhender.

Esta dissertação examina a prática da comparação histórica no Império do Brasil entre 1863 e 1871. O corpus documental compreende os discursos políticos emitidos por Perdigão Malheiro dentro e fora do Instituto dos Advogados do Brasil, seja representando a voz autorizada dos bacharéis, seja na forma de falas parlamentares, quando atuou como deputado pela Província de Minas Gerais. Seu livro A escravidão no Brasil igualmente assinala importante frente discursiva, na medida em que representou uma fonte de crítica à escravidão no país e balizou interpretações acerca do encaminhamento do problema da instituição secular. Os textos foram interpretados por meio não apenas da análise do discurso, mas também da História Política e do Contextualismo Linguístico, para quem as ideias de determinado pensador devem ser analisadas tendo em vista seu contexto social de produção e o conjunto de ideias e conceitos anteriores e contemporâneos a ele com os quais dialogou. Utilizam-se, ainda, os conceitos espaço de experiência e horizonte de expectativa, por acreditar-se que ambos compõem ferramentas relevantes para a compreensão dos sujeitos históricos na sincronia e diacronia e contribuem para uma abordagem comparada que apreende o significado histórico das projeções pensadas por aqueles atores dentro do seu contexto social e do conhecimento adquirido por eles em vistas das experiências de outros povos / This thesis examines the practice of historical comparison in the Brazilian Empire between 1863 and 1871. The sources include political speeches by Perdigão Malheiro given within and outside of the Instituto dos Advogados do Brasil (Brazilian Lawyers Institute), whether as the voice of the students, or as parliamentary speeches from the time when he acted as congressman for the province of Minas Gerais. His book A escravidão no Brasil (Slavery in Brazil) also points to an important discursive resource, inasmuch it represented a source of criticism of slavery in the country, and guided interpretations regarding how to conduct the institution. The documents have been interpreted not only through the analysis of the speech, but also through the prism of Political History and Linguistic Contextualism, by which an authors ideas ought to be analyzed alongside the social context where such speeches where produces and the ideas and concepts he/she was in dialogue with. This thesis also employs Kosellecks concepts of space of experience and horizon of expectation considering that both are useful tools to understanding the synchrony and diachronic facets of historical subjects. These concepts also contribute to a comparative perspective that captures the historical significance of the projections designed by those actors within their social context and of the knowledge acquired by them in view of the experiences of other people

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are playing a key role in the economic development of every country in the world. The fast development and significant contributions of SMEs is one of the most important factors to the outstanding industrial and economic growth in Taiwan for the past fifty years. However, the SMEs in our country are gradually moving abroad and invest in Mainland China or other developing countries due to the drastic changes in the investment environment. Since the economic reform in 1978, due to the changes in the international investment environment, Mainland China has gradually recognized the importance of SMEs to the economic growth and is aggressively encouraging the development of SMEs. Such trend is indeed one of our major concerns. This study uses Historical Comparison Method and SWOT Analysis in an attempt to analyze the situation of cross-straight SMEs under macroscopic and regional investment environment since the late 1990¡¦s till now and the opportunities and threats of SMEs after joining the World Trade Organization (WTO). Meanwhile, the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat for Taiwanese SMEs to invest in Mainland China is also explored for the authority of Taiwanese SMEs in setting related policy and for the Taiwanese businessmen as a reference. Firstly, in terms of macroscopic investment environment, the performances of both sides across the straight under general environment (including indices of political, legal, investment tariffs, and basic environmental evaluation) and overall economic environment (including indicators such as economic development, import and export trading, and luring of foreign capital, etc.) are better than before. Next, in terms of regional investment environment, the similarity between the places where cross-straight SMEs often gather ¡V Industrial Parks in Taiwan (including Export Zones and Industrial and Science Parks) and Special Economic Zones in Mainland China (including Shenzhen, Zuhai, Xiamen, Shanghai, and Beijin) are in the superiority of the locations and with development potential, similarity in industrial structure, emphasis in investment right protection, and complete basic infrastructure. The differences are in that the Industrial and Science Parks in Taiwan adopt single operating window and efficient in approval, whereas the applications for investment in Special Economics Zones in Mainland China are still approved based on the amount of investment, technology cooperation, or joint-venture between Chinese and foreign companies, foreign proprietary enterprises that require longer period of approval operation. In addition, the tax incentive in Taiwanese Industrial and Science Parks is of functional attribute with very high rewarding threshold and significantly higher cost than the Special Economic Zones in Mainland China. The tax break and grace period for Special Economic Zone in Mainland China is of industry attribute. It¡¦s tax break and grace period is obviously higher than Taiwanese Industrial park. Lastly, summarizing the SWOT Analysis of this study, it is found that the investment environments of the cross-straight SMEs are all facing the difficulty of lacking of talents and shortage of capital as well as facing potential stiff competition after joining WTO. To this end, it is recommended that the government should strengthen the innovation incubator for SMEs, expand the channel of financing for SMEs, and provide accurate investment information. On the manufacturers side, the government should adjust the industrial structure of manufacturers, strengthen the R&D capability, training professional talents, adopt strategic alliances and value employee¡¦s educational training in order to upgrade the international competitiveness of SMEs in our country.

In this dissertation I investigate the historical, institutional, and cultural roots of different regional development trajectories in modern Turkey. Historical comparison of two similar cities of 1920's, namely Kutahya and Kayseri, enabled me to solve the Anatolian Tigers Puzzle, which can be defined as how come very similar cities of rural Anatolia in 1920's experienced such different development patterns in the last 80 years. The most similar case design led to the model, which explains the different regional development patterns of Anatolian cities. In this model, I argue that behind the success story of Kayseri, there is a path dependent virtuous cycle, which was initiated by early state enterprises; accelerated via local institutional reforms during critical junctures; and sustained by socio-cultural context. This theoretical model explains not only the difference between Kutahya and Kayseri, but it is also in line with the success story of other developed Anatolian cities. / Sociology

Ce mémoire porte sur les processus de catégorisation et les modes de prise en charge des populations sans logement par l’État français à deux époques que sont la fin du XIXème siècle et la fin du XXème siècle (1880-1910 et 1980-2008). Au cours de ces deux périodes charnières, les transformations socio-économiques brouillent les dispositifs traditionnels de prise en charge de populations sans logement et conduisent progressivement l’État à une redéfinition de ces populations sur le plan administratif ainsi qu’à un resserrement sur le plan juridique. L’analyse met en évidence la résistance des discours juridiques et politiques face aux transformations sociales avant d’étudier l’émergence de nouvelles catégories et de nouveaux dispositifs pour appréhender et contrôler ces populations. Les sources utilisées (juridico-politiques et médicales) permettent de nuancer l’analyse dominante proposée jusqu’alors par Castel, qui néglige les sources médicales dans son étude des bouleversements sociaux et de la prise en charge des populations marginalisées aux deux époques. Enfin, le travail de catégorisation des populations marginalisées de la part de l’État s’oppose à une résistance de la part des populations elles-mêmes qui débordent les catégories et les dispositifs mis en œuvre pour les appréhender.

Esta dissertação examina a prática da comparação histórica no Império do Brasil entre 1863 e 1871. O corpus documental compreende os discursos políticos emitidos por Perdigão Malheiro dentro e fora do Instituto dos Advogados do Brasil, seja representando a voz autorizada dos bacharéis, seja na forma de falas parlamentares, quando atuou como deputado pela Província de Minas Gerais. Seu livro A escravidão no Brasil igualmente assinala importante frente discursiva, na medida em que representou uma fonte de crítica à escravidão no país e balizou interpretações acerca do encaminhamento do problema da instituição secular. Os textos foram interpretados por meio não apenas da análise do discurso, mas também da História Política e do Contextualismo Linguístico, para quem as ideias de determinado pensador devem ser analisadas tendo em vista seu contexto social de produção e o conjunto de ideias e conceitos anteriores e contemporâneos a ele com os quais dialogou. Utilizam-se, ainda, os conceitos espaço de experiência e horizonte de expectativa, por acreditar-se que ambos compõem ferramentas relevantes para a compreensão dos sujeitos históricos na sincronia e diacronia e contribuem para uma abordagem comparada que apreende o significado histórico das projeções pensadas por aqueles atores dentro do seu contexto social e do conhecimento adquirido por eles em vistas das experiências de outros povos / This thesis examines the practice of historical comparison in the Brazilian Empire between 1863 and 1871. The sources include political speeches by Perdigão Malheiro given within and outside of the Instituto dos Advogados do Brasil (Brazilian Lawyers Institute), whether as the voice of the students, or as parliamentary speeches from the time when he acted as congressman for the province of Minas Gerais. His book A escravidão no Brasil (Slavery in Brazil) also points to an important discursive resource, inasmuch it represented a source of criticism of slavery in the country, and guided interpretations regarding how to conduct the institution. The documents have been interpreted not only through the analysis of the speech, but also through the prism of Political History and Linguistic Contextualism, by which an authors ideas ought to be analyzed alongside the social context where such speeches where produces and the ideas and concepts he/she was in dialogue with. This thesis also employs Kosellecks concepts of space of experience and horizon of expectation considering that both are useful tools to understanding the synchrony and diachronic facets of historical subjects. These concepts also contribute to a comparative perspective that captures the historical significance of the projections designed by those actors within their social context and of the knowledge acquired by them in view of the experiences of other people

(in English): The diploma thesis compares (mal)functioning of the state during contemporary political development in Czech Republic and Greece. Firstly it explaines the theoretical understanding of the notion of state and varieties of its mulfunctioning such as clientelism, patronage and exploitation. Secondly it analyzes path-dependent historical changes of state and its mulfunctioning, since Ottoman supremacy in case of Greece and since democratic Czechoslovakia in case of Czech Republic. Subsequently the thesis deals with the impact that the economic crisis of 2008 had on political development and quality of democracy in these countries in the context of their mulfunctioning states.

Die Arbeit fragt nach den Kontinuitäten kolonialer bzw. imperialer im Deutschland der Zeit zwischen den Weltkriegen. Dabei werden stellvertretend zwei Fallbeispiele untersucht, die für traditionsreiche Expansionsrichtungen standen: die 'Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft' mit besonderem Fokus auf Afrika sowie dem 'Deutschen Ostbund' mit Fokus auf Ostmitteleuropa. Dabei erhellt die Studie die Möglichkeiten, aber besonders die politischen und gesellschaftlichen Grenzen dieser Verbände nach dem Ende des deutschen Kaiserreichs bis in weit den Faschismus hinein.:1. Einführung 3 1.1. Forschungslagen, Forschungsfragen 4 1.2. Zur Definition zentraler Begriffe 18 1.3. Methodisches 31 1.4. Quellen 42 2. Vergleichende Sozial- und Kulturgeschichte imperialer Verbände 45 2.1. Vom Kaiserreich zur frühen Weimarer Republik 45 2.1.1. DKG und DOV im deutschen Kaiserreich 45 2.1.2. Kriegszielpolitiken im Ersten Weltkrieg 52 2.1.3. Schock und Reorganisation nach dem Weltkrieg 57 2.1.4. Exkurs: Die imperiale Verbandslandschaft 96 2.2. Struktur der Verbände 109 2.2.1. Aufbau 109 2.2.2. Die Verbandsführungen 112 2.2.3. Mitgliederstruktur 121 2.2.4. Finanzierung 131 2.3. Schlaglichter auf ein vielfältiges Verbandsleben 136 2.3.1. Selbstverständnis(se) der Verbände 136 2.3.2. Ziel beider Verbände: der Siedlungskolonialismus 141 2.3.3. Frauenbilder und -beteiligung 170 2.3.4. Engagement (in) der Jugend 189 2.3.5. Engagement (in) der Arbeiterbewegung 201 2.3.6. Geselligkeit 205 2.3.7. Geschichts- und Erinnerungskultur 213 2.3.8. Bildungspolitik 222 2.3.9. Medien der Verbände 225 2.3.10. Der Blick auf die ehemals ‚Kolonialisierten‘ 234 2.4. Von der späten Weimarer Republik zum Faschismus 258 2.4.1. Status und Rolle der Verbände in der Weimarer Politik 258 2.4.2. Beide Verbände im Urteil zeitgenössischer Kritiken 284 2.4.3. Kritik der Verbände an und während der Weimarer Republik 292 2.4.4. Arrangieren mit dem neuen Regime 303 3. Ausblick und vergleichendes Fazit 323 3.1. Faschismus als Ende der Imperialität 323 3.2. Thesen und Forschungsperspektiven 330 4. Anhang 341 4.1. Verzeichnis der Tabellen 341 4.2. Verzeichnis der Abkürzungen 341 4.2.1. Allgemeine Abkürzungen 341 4.2.2. Abkürzungen von Archivalien und Periodika 342 4.3. Quellenverzeichnis 343 4.3.1. Archivalische Quellen 343 4.3.2. Zeitgenössische Publikationen 347 4.3.3. Edierte Dokumente 355 4.3.4. Amtliche Druckschriften & zeitgenössische Lexika 357 4.4. Literaturverzeichnis 358 4.5. Eigenständigkeitserklärung 410

This thesis has been carried out as there has been a need to expand research in men's violence against women in close relationships. This by a historical comparison to discover causal explanation and conceptions with a focus on change and continuity over time. Men's violence against women needs more research, although new interventions such as laws have been put into place, the problem still remains in society. The thesis will focus on finding change and continuity over time. Analyzing the area through a historical perspective can further contribute to a greater insight into the problem today, to reduce the risk of repetition of the past, regarding conceptions on gender and violence and not make the problem invisible. The material that has been used in the thesis is based on news articles from Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet, based on four selected time periods during the 1900–2020s. The analysis focus on the public's perceptions and causal explanations of men's violence against women in close relationships. The result of the analysis concluded, among other things, that research and news articles do not always correspond and that society's perceptions and causal explanations have both altered and continued. A finding  in the thesis is that jealousy and men's feelings are two relatively unexplored areas.

This doctoral dissertation compares three types of military institutions of performing arts-military bands, military theatres and military artistic ensembles in cases of Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic and Poland since World War II to the fall of communism. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)