<p> This study investigated leadership emergence and growth from the perspective of a purposeful criterion sample of Evangelical pastors in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Their description of their stories regarding how they emerged as leaders and how they grew as leaders was the primary source of data acquired through semi-structured interviews.</p><p> There is a need for greater clarify regarding the processes by which a person emerges and comes to embody the virtues and attributes needed for leadership. Leadership is culturally contingent, but there is a lack of specificity in understanding how the Latin American culture influences leadership emergence and growth.</p><p> Three research questions guided this study: (1) How do Evangelical pastors describe how they emerged as leaders?; (2) How do Evangelical pastors describe how they grew as leaders?; (3) What Latin American cultural elements can be observed in the Evangelical pastors' descriptions of how they emerged and grew as leaders?</p><p> The literature discussed caudillismo, a prototype of leadership in Latin America, which includes elements of high-power distance, machismo, and paternalism. </p><p> Using snowball sampling, twenty-five pastors were chosen and the interview data revealed twelve processes by which these pastors emerged as leaders. For instance, the accompaniment of others was key as was having firsthand experiences in ministry, which moved them to compassionate, on-going action. They emerged because someone saw something in them, named it and opened up spaces (opportunities) for "acts of leadership." Contrary to expectations, training played almost no role in emergence but did in leadership growth. </p><p> Seven processes were identified that promoted their growth, like being self-taught, sharing interdenominationally, and keeping an open mind. Six cultural dimensions were observed as having a direct influence (both positive and negative) on leadership emergence and growth: (1) High tolerance for uncertainty; (2) Diffuse culture; (3) Image of limited good; (4) Caudillismo; (5) Ascribed status; (6) Self-effacing (modesty).</p><p> This study meets the need for academic inquiry on leadership in Latin America, in Spanish, in the hope that it stimulates Latin Americans to analyze their own leadership, and informs expatriates who serve Latin Americans how to better participate with God in helping leaders emerge and grow.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Iowa, 1923. / Bibliography: p. [337]-354.

<p> This historical content analysis study examined portable responsive instructional materials used by United States teachers and students in primary, secondary, and higher education instructional settings for the period of 1957 through 1982&mdash;the beginning of the space race with the stimulus of educational funding from the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) to the introduction of classroom computers into the mainstream education population. During this period, a plethora of instructional materials was implemented in classrooms, which supported the audiovisual movement to improve performance and knowledge. This study focused on the pedagogical and functional uses of instructional materials from the specified period of history.</p><p> Instructional materials included in this qualitative study provided a response from or feedback to the participant through some form of communication&mdash;a screen, display, or other mode of communication. The physical nature of the studied instructional materials was small, lightweight, and portable, and each was used collaboratively or individually for instructional purposes in an educational environment. With this definition in mind, certain materials that were important to the audiovisual movement, such as movie projectors and cameras, were not included in this study. Instructional materials from corporate training were not included in this study with the exception of materials that crossed over from the corporate arena to the educational environment. </p><p> Pedagogical and functional frameworks of identified instructional materials from 1957 to 1982 provided a foundation from which to compare contemporary instructional materials and devices to those of the past, to predict pedagogical purposes, and to support current integration of instructional materials such as handheld devices into the classroom based on historical information gathered in this study.</p><p> Analysis of the instructional materials was based on audiovisual codes found in the literature of the time. To further analyze the data gathered, a failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method was adapted and applied to determine the success or failure of specified functionality of the identified instructional materials.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Iowa, 1923. / Bibliography: p. [337]-354.

<p> The development of character is one of the objectives of the American educational system. This historical study examined the debate over character education in the 1920s, a decade in which Americans were especially committed to creating moral youth. Specifically, this study investigated the character education work of Edwin Milton Fairchild from 1893 to 1939 and how his work reflects the tension between conservative progressives and liberal progressives in the early twentieth century. Primary source and archived documents such as journal articles, personal correspondences, ephemera, and photographs were used to conduct this study. As a result of this study, it was determined that Edwin Milton Fairchild was a pioneer of secular moral education in America and that the current controversy surrounding how character education should be taught in schools has roots that were established a century ago. The work of Edwin Milton Fairchild during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries played an important role in the secularization of moral education and is a prism through which the debate over character education among progressives can be better understood.</p><p>

America is again in a period of intense education reform designed to improve teaching and learning. Since 1983, when America was declared "at risk" highly publicized and widely disseminated reports criticized the state of the nation's schools and suggested global remedies for perceived weaknesses. Such generalized calls for education reforms initiated by those outside the individual school historically failed to significantly alter the learning environment and effect improvement. A growing body of research suggests legislated reform efforts do not succeed because they do not recognize the unique character of each school. Further, research findings relative to the change process itself is consistently ignored by outside-the-school policymakers. A crucial step toward education renewal at the local school level is the identification of improvement priorities. The purpose of this study was to investigate practices and perceptions of the improvement priority determination process in the local school. Three research objectives guided the study: (1) To describe priorities identified by teachers and principals to bring about improvement; (2) To describe how teachers and principals determine priorities for improvement; (3) To describe the degree of teacher satisfaction towards the process for determining priorities for school improvement. Data was obtained from principals and teachers in the eleven core schools of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst school/university partnership, the Coalition for School Improvement. Analysis of findings for the first objective indicate that less than half (44%) of principal-identified priorities and only 10% of teacher-identified priorities were stated in terms of student learning. Analysis of findings for the second objective indicate general congruence between principal and teacher perceptions of procedures employed to establish priorities but that principals felt teachers had greater involvement in determining priorities than did the teachers. Findings for the third objective indicate teachers were satisfied with their degree of involvement in establishing improvement priorities although they expressed a higher degree of satisfaction with their role in initiating priorities than they did regarding their role in determining priorities. The determination of priorities to address learning problems of students is an immediate step that can be taken to make schools even more adequate to their tasks of preparing children and youth for constructive participation in their democracy. The tendency of educators to describe goals in terms of the program rather than in terms of the learner suggests that concerns for the means has relegated concern for the learner to a lesser place in the hierarchy of school renewal priorities.

The first chapter of this dissertation is an introduction to the topics of community service-learning and Black women's intellectual history. The author outlines definitions, theoretical frameworks, guiding questions, and methodological approaches in this research. Here, Ms. Evans explains the contribution that Black women's educational philosophies can make to current practices of community service-learning. Chapter Two is a survey of the presence, oppression, contribution, and creative resistance of Black women in United States educational systems between Emancipation in 1865 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. A comprehensive picture of research on Black women's educational experience in the United States is presented. Ms. Evans argues that Black women's educational experiences offer a rich historical context in which to comprehend the larger social conditions in which contemporary educators are working. In Chapter Three, the author presents four educators whose work provide clear examples of how Black women have theorized and practiced community-based education. The writing of Frances (Fanny) Jackson Coppin (1837–1913), Anna Julia Cooper (1858?–1964), Mary McLeod Bethune (1875–1955), and Septima Poinsette Clark (1898–1987) are presented. Connections are made between these educators' intellectual development and their work for local, national, and international community empowerment. In Chapter Four, the author details the contribution that this work makes to Black women's intellectual history. Ms. Evans analyzes the experiences and thoughts of the four Black women case studies, considers aspects of Black Feminist Thought, and outlines the impact of cultural identity on social experience. Recommendations are made about how to use historical analysis in order to practice community service-learning in a culturally appropriate manner. In Chapter Five, areas of future research are presented, specifically those areas that relate to the ideas of Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. Du Bois, and John Dewey. Lastly, Ms. Evans includes observations about her own experiences as a student and practitioner of community service-learning. In Chapter Six, “A Discussion on Sources,” the author reviews the most popular service-learning literature and surveys African American educational historiography that is relevant to those doing service-learning work.

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which minority students in the Peralta Community College District in California, specifically, Merritt College have succeeded in gaining access to Merritt College and whether Merritt is providing needed remedial and other pertinent services/programs, necessary for the success of minority students enrolled in the institution. Merritt College in the Peralta Community College District was selected for this study because the Peralta District has a reputation for providing quality education along with innovative programs. A survey was designed in an attempt to ascertain students' perceptions of the importance and satisfaction with remedial and supportive services/programs that were available at Merritt College. The Statistical Package for the Social Science Computer Program was used to calculate FREQUENCIES, CROSSTABS and CHI SQUARES. The findings indicate that the majority of students felt open admission was very important or important in assisting students in accomplishing their goals. The findings also revealed that students felt that supportive services were important in community colleges. It was also indicated that students felt that it was important to have minority representation on the faculty and staff. The findings revealed that students were satisfied with the supportive services/programs and related work experience or internship programs at Merritt College.