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The objective of the present dissertation thesis was to compare the effect of soil fertilisation and foliar application with various mineral magnesium fertilisers (ESTA Kieserit - 25 % MgO, 20 % S; Epso Combitop - 13 % MgO, 13.6 % S, 4 % Mn and 1 % Zn; Epso Top -16 % MgO and 13 % S) on a number of parameters of two vine varieties (Müller Thurgau and Ryzlink vlašský) during a three-year period (2010-2011-2012). The experiments were conducted at the school farm in Žabčice (maize-growing region; ca 25 km south of Brno) and comprised the following 7 treatments: 1) unfertilised control; 2) autumn application of ESTA Kieserit; 3) autumn application of ESTA Kieserit + 5x foliar application with Epso Combitop; 4) spring application of ESTA Kieserit; 5) spring application of ESTA Kieserit + 5x foliar application with Epso Combitop; 6) 5x foliar application with Epso Combitop; 7) 5x foliar application with Epso Top. Soil and foliar applications of magnesium fertilisers had a positive effect particularly on grape yields; most of the parameters were significantly influenced by the year and variety.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to point out the importance of compost and its benefits for agriculture in the sense of sustainable development and restoration of soil fertility, and to compare composting technologies. To compare different composting methods which affect the resulting quality in the product and have direct impact on the efficiency of compost application on farmland. The achieved target values in the experimental part of the thesis were the verification or refu-tation of the hypothesis of positive effect of the compost on degraded soil. Young plants of Romaine lettuce were used as a model plant. I confirmed the hypothesis, using the container experiment: when medium and higher doses of compost were applied to degraded soil, it consequently improved soil properties. Using the container experiment I managed to confirm the hypothesis of the recommended ap-plication of compost at the rate of approx. 6-7 t / ha / year, with compost doses in regular cycles (once in 2-3 years).

The main goal of this diploma thesis with topic „Application of nitrogen fertilizers with sulphur in nutrition of common sunflower“ was to find out the effect of split nutrition in common sunflower and its quantitative and qualitative yield parameters. The diploma thesis is about advisement of used fertilizers with nitrogen and sulphur influence on achenes yield, WTS, oil content and oil production. One year vegetative experiment was realised in ZD Hrušovany u Brna. Urea was used in all variants in dose 100 kg.ha-1 (in control variant was used 200 kg.ha-1). In growth stage of eight leaf were aplicated 40 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen with fertilizers LOVOGRAN, LOVOGRAN IN, DASA H, ENSIN, DASAMAG and MAGNISUL on variants with splitting nutrition. The highest yield and economical efficiency were gained by LOVOGRAN. In comparasion with control variant the yield of achenes incresed by 9,3 % and the profit was about 40,85 €.ha-1. Even the highest WTS was reached in variant with MAGNISUL (38,95 g), the profit from yield grew up to 2,8 % in comparasion with control variant. Variant with DASA H gained statistically influenced the highest oil content (44,88 %). The highest oil production was gained by LOVOGRAN.

Nitrogen is one of the most important part of nutrition of winter wheat. However, if in the crop are weeds capable of using nitrogen more efficiently, the area-wide fertilization can make competitive ability higher for weed, after that there is a reduction in the yield of wheat. Example of weed with this ability is cleavers (Galium aparine). Possibility how we can eleiminate this weed ability is using precision placement of fertilizer under the crop row. The aim of this thesis is finding out of positive effects of precision placement of nitrogen fertilizer (calcium nitrate) in comparison with area-wide fertilization for reduction competitive ability of cleavers against wheat. The experiment was containerized and was run in a growth room with controlled conditions. Based of the experiment, it was found, that competition of cleavers was decreased by precision placement of fertilizer but growth of wheat was decreased too because of higher nitrate availability in the soil. This method of fertilization does not produce the expected effect for better wheat competitive ability.

Topic of the thesis deals with the influence of fertilization on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of semi-natural grassland. The aim is to assess the effect of fertilization, timing of grass cutting (1st cutting, 2nd cutting, 3rd cutting) and a use of plants (double-cut, triple-cut) on organic nutrient content (crude protein, crude fibre, water soluable carbohydrate, digestibility of crude protein), ash plants, diversity of the species and yields of semi-natural grassland. Research was done in the years 2011 and 2012. Intensity of fertilization is graded as following: Not Fertilized, Fertilized 30P+60K, Fertilized 45N+PK, Fertilized 90N+PK, Fertilized 135N+PK and Fertilized 180N+PK. Semi-natural grass is based on a station in the area of Zdarske Vrchy. Lowest yields were assessed on unfertilized grassland and on the other hand the highest yields were assessed on the fertilized grassland 180N+PK. Major differences (P<0,05) in crude protein and digestible of crude protein were in between the cuttings during 2011 and 2012. Hill's diversity index showed higher values at triple-cut grassland. The highest values of fertilisation had the PK type of fertilisation. The fertilisation had some positive influence on (P<0,05) occurence of Alopecurus pratensis L., Poa pratensis L. in the grassland. The fertilisation subdued occurence of Ranunculus acris L., Carex spp., Anthoxanthum odoratum L. and other less nutricious species. The quotient of clover was increased (P<0,05) after the application of PK. However it was decreased (P<0,05) after the application of nitrogen.

ABSTRACT This diploma thesis is valuating an influence of a nitrogen fertilization on species structure of a semi-natural grassland. Experimental site is located 650 m in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands in locality of Kameničky. From 2012-2013 four variants of fertilization has been compared (unfertilised, fertilized 45 kg.ha-1 N + PK, fertilized 90 kg.ha-1 N + PK, fertilized 135 kg.ha-1 N + PK and fertilised 180 kg.ha-1 N + PK) and two variants of fertilizers (two-edged and triple-edged). Additionally, I am dealing in detail with outproductive functions of permanent grassland and analysis of individual plant species represented at the observed site. All the obtained results show, that species diversity decreases with fertilizers, which on the contrary increases production of fodder. Fertilising with N increases (P<0,05) proportion of cultural grasses, but simultaneously decreases (P<0,05) proportion of herbs and clovers. Regarding intensity of utilising, fertilisers triple-edged were more species diverse, a diversity index confirms this fact.

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