Understanding of carbon cycling in coniferous forests that represent a large carbon sink is crucial for our understanding of natural processes under global climate change. Recognition of fungi as fundamental decomposers can contribute to this understanding. Fungi are able to decompose numbers of substrates and possess a variety of enzymes to do so In this study I present litter decomposing fungi in mountain spruce forest from national park Šumava. The aim of my thesis was to follow succession and community changes of fungi from the early stages of decomposition of Picea abies needles until degradation of organic matter in the organic horizon of the soil. This aim was accomplished partly by recording the extracellular enzyme production of fungi in different stages of decomposition from needles attached to the twigs of a fallen tree to a litter material in later stages of decomposition on the soil surface. In addition to testing of fungi on their natural substrata - needle litter, enzyme activities were also measured in laboratory agar cultures, which allow comparison of diverse fungi with different origins. Enzyme activities were aimed at enzymes decomposing cellulose and compounds found in litter. Although ecology of endophytic and saprothrophic fungi suggest differences in enzyme production, these...

Nowadays, the near-horizon regions of black holes have enjoyed great attention thanks to their role in the popular AdS/CFT correspondence and their specific geometry suitable for formulations of uniqueness theorems in higher dimensions. A strictly general-relativistic point of view reveals also many interesting phenomena taking place near black-hole horizons. Our aim was to investigate how horizon multiplicity affects near-horizon geometry, geodesical distance, radial motion of photons and massive, charged particles, and also the possibility of collision processes leading to unbound collision energies near the horizon. We chose the Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter metric, which, on the one hand, is simple thanks to being static and spherically symmetric but which, on the other hand, is rich enough to enable the existence of up to a doubly degenerate ultra-extreme horizon. After discussing the physical feasibility of the near-horizon limit, we applied it to single, double, and triple horizons, their near-horizon geometries, and local collision processes. We found continuous coordinate systems covering all types of horizons and analytic solutions for motion of radial photons and special or critical, massive, charged particles in their vicinity. We addressed particle collisions in the immediate vicinity of horizons...

The goal of my work is to verify the effectiveness of various methods of collecting geodetic data in order to locate the decline of soil horizont in the dewatered areas.

This thesis examines how the press of the erstwhile German Democratic Republic represented Iran in the years from 1949 – the year of the GDR’s formation – until 1989, the last complete year before its demise on 3 October 1990. The study focuses on key events in Iranian history such as the overthrow of the Mossadegh government in 1953, the White Revolution, the Islamic Revolution of 1979, and the Iran-Iraq war. It will be shown that although news and articles were based on selected facts, they still presented a picture of Iran that was at best distorted, the distortions and misrepresentations amounting to what could be described as 'factual fiction'. Furthermore, clear evidence will be provided that economical and political relations with Iran were a primary concern of the GDR’s leadership, and thus also of the GDR’s press and have therefore dominated the reporting on Iran. Whatever ideological concerns there may have been, they were hardly ever allowed to get in the way of amicable relations with the Shah or later with the Islamic Republic. Only in periods where the two countries enjoyed less amicable or poor relations, was the press free to critically report events in Iran and to openly support the cause of the SED’s communist Iranian sister party, the Tudeh. Despite East Germany’s diametric ideological environment and despite the fundamentally different role that the GDR’s political system had assigned to the press and to journalism, East Germany’s press was as reliant on the input of the global news agencies as any Western media. The at times almost complete reliance on Western news agencies as sources for news on Iran challenged more than just the hermeneutic hegemony the SED and the GDR’s press wanted to establish. After all, which news and information were made available by the news agencies to the media in both East and West was primarily determined by the business interests of said agencies. The study makes a contribution to three fields: Modern Iranian history, (East-) German history and media studies. The most valid findings were certainly made in the latter.

In recent years, the economic approach to human behavior has been challenged by contributions of cognitive science. Thus two methodological strands in economics disagree with each other: the objectivistic approach favors the methods of natural science; the subjectivistic approach takes the teleological structure of human action as its cornerstone. It is argued that the position of the latter has been undermined and often degraded to a mere instrumentalist tool because it builds upon the primitive version of the teleological structure. Its deeper realist analysis is needed, which is the task for economic phenomenology: it identifies invariant pragmatic structures of human action, with various degrees of their anonymity. If the economic approach is founded on those structures adequately, then both rational choice theory and bounded rationality theories become compatible, as they differ in their degrees of anonymity only; they both belong to the body of the (subjectivistic) economic approach to human behavior. Economic phenomenology also offers a solution to the phenomenon of inconsistency of human action which is documented by cognitive sciences as a proof of human irrationality. The thesis shows that once the decision maker's description of the choice is allowed, inconsistency may disappear. Consistency is a matter of thinking, not acting. Therefore, a conceptual analysis of human thinking is needed. An example of the analysis is presented. It concentrates on the phenomenon of Self and works up the concept of the horizontality of Self. With this concept, inconsistency of human action is derived as a natural characteristic of our being-in-the-world. Inconsistency of human action is a pragmatic structure of human action, which even allows the decision maker some intentional control.

The task of this master's thesis was to create a sustainable urban structure of the 21st century in the Brno brownfields - Kohnova cihelna. The main purpose of the work is to create a quality residential structure near the city center. Furthermore, connecting the city and greenery, creating new entrances to the Červený kopec area and increasing the attractivity of the area with sufficient level of services and recreation.

The topic of the thesis was to create a contemporary urban structure on the site of the former Kohn brickyard in Červený kopec in Brno. The main attributes of the work are mainly work with the terrain, significantly changed by clay mining, the effort to create a viable urban district with sufficient services, space for rest, affordable greenery and especially quality housing. All with an emphasis on the functionality and quality of the proposed buildings and public spaces designed in a human scale.

The diploma thesis deals with the design of a sustainable urban structure of the 21st century based on a medieval town in Náměšť nad Oslavou in the Vysočina region. It is a relatively large location defined by a zoning plan for the future development of the town. The area is specific because it is located entirely on the northern slope and is directly adjacent to the railway track, which is a physical as well as noise barrier for potential construction. The aim of the thesis is to design a solution that uses the potential of the place, offers a modern and economical way of living and creates appropriate public spaces based on medieval towns. The intention is to connect the new location with the existing structure of the town and thus prevent it from becoming the city periphery.

The topic of this master‘s thesis was to create a settlement structure on the territory of the cadastral territory of the town of Náměšť nad Oslavou. Specifically in the southwestern part of the town, in the places of today's agricultural areas. The main goal of the thesis is to create a quality residential structure for the entire area, which will connect to the surrounding development, to create a center with urban amenities for this newly designed neighborhood. A key aspect of the design is the transport connection to the existing road network of the city and overcoming the barrier formed by the railway line. The proposed development responds to the current and future anticipated needs of the city. Taking into account the size, the proposed area is divided into three parts with regard to the time sequence and the nature of the development. From an urban point of view, the first phase builds on the existing network of streets and creates a transition between the original and the proposed development and proposes transport connections to the area. In the second and third phase, the remaining area of the proposed area is resolved, by a system of regular streets designed in places with a small slope of the terrain, connected by short streets with a higher slope. The master‘s thesis addresses the connection between the city and greenery, increases the attractiveness of the area by designing public facilities and services and works with visual axes from the existing housing and commercial development to the proposed location.

The study is focused on the Old Norse "contemporary sagas" (texts composed with a short time distance from the events of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries that are recorded in them) and some of the bishops' sagas as images of the thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Icelanders' identity and their relationship to other lands, especially Norway. It aims at analysing the roles and meanings of various identity bearers portrayed in these sources - chieftains, royal representatives, ecclesiastical dignitaries, and saintly bishops. The approach to the sources is based on an analysis of how recent historical events were transformed into a narrative discourse, in which they were connected to the more distant past that formed the medieval Icelandic society's cultural memory. That way, these events themselves became a part of this society's cultural memory, and the given historical knowledge was endowed with specific meanings, which were not inherently present in the knowledge itself, but were based on its contextualization. The study shows how the narrativization of the recent events and their integration into the cultural memory creates a meaningful relationship between the past and the present. The objective of the study is to show how the narrative sources reflect the society's perception of its recent...