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Práce se zabývá problémem chudoby a jejího monitorování. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována oficiální hranici příjmové chudoby v ČR - životnímu minimu. V nedávné minulosti byla odbornou studií navržena změna konstrukce této hranice, která vyústila ve vládní návrh, který byl předložen ke schválení do Poslanecké sněmovny. Výsledná podoba zákona doznala podstatných změn a cílem bylo, kromě zmapování politické zodpovědnosti za tyto změny zjistit, jaký bude dopad v příjmové oblati na vybrané sociální skupiny obyvatelstva.

THE PROBLEMATIC OF INTER-RELATIONSHIP BOUNDARIES IN THE CHRISTIAN ENVIRONMENT Summary In the Christian environment, the same sociological-psychological principles are valid as anywhere else. The aim of the work is to clarify the knowledge of the topic of borders on general level and to view the life of Jesus Christ, the ideal of humanity, from the perspective of borders. I will also attempt to show the way in which the incorrect and selective understanding of the gospel principles may lead to psychologically insane attitudes. Keywords Relationship Psychosocial development Unyielding bounderies Veague bounderies Healthy bounderies Christian enviromenment Patologycal stance

This dissertation presents research results of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) populations in timberline ecotone of the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. The work is presented in the form of five scientific articles, 3 of which are accepted for publication, or already printed. Two articles are in the form of submitted manuscripts. The first article describes the biometric and age structure of spruce populations, including the assessment of the possibility of their vegetative as well as seed-based reproduction and compares these characteristics between two vertically connected sections of timberline ecotone. The second article analyzes the influence of dwarf pine stands of different cover on the ability of vegetative reproduction of spruce and their height growth. The third article deals with the historical dynamic of spruce trees establishment within timberline ecotone. This are correlated with both temperature characteristics and agricultural land abandonment during the last 100 years. The fourth article deals with measurements of the quantity and directions of sap flow in layering branches as well as parent and daughter trees in Norway spruce clonal groups. The article evaluates the importance of sap flow quantity in layering branch to the total amount of water use by parent and daughter trees. The fifth article substantially extends the fourth article of measurements on more interconnected tree pairs within a longer time series. Additionally, this article includes the drought stress experiment in the daughter tree and subsequent monitoring of changes in sap flow in layering branch.

This thesis if focused to assessment of phenological characteristics of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.). The observation was performed in two mixed forests of the same age situated at different altitudes 300 and 600 meters, respectively. Main meteorological variables were measured on both sites in order to describe the mezoclimate of the site. Observation of phenological phases was conducted in regular intervals twice a week. The results of the study confirm the strong dependence on both air and soil temperature. Collected data show the importance of temperature at the end of winter and early spring. Starting time of spring phenological phases depends on reaching of species specific temperature limits. The highest variability among individual years shows the time of beginning of budbreak. The temperature increase results in earlier beginning of spring phenological phases as well as shortening of their duration. For similar reason, also autumnal phenological phases are shifted towards the winter time. This fact causes longer vegetation period at the expense of winter dormancy.

This diploma thesis evaluates collaboration between Czech and Polish republic. It primarily focuses on the joint procedures of both countries in scope of their membership in European Union and on how do these neighbouring countries cooperate. Next step is the Visegrad group and how czech and polish people from the borders feel about it and the EU. One of the objectives of this theses is to analyse and compare past and present program periods of crossboarder cooperation. The cavitational and quantitative research were used for realization of this research. Using the combination of these methods led to obtaining of the informations that were needed for answering the goals of this thesis. Comparing the previous and the present programmatic period showed, that there were changes in the priority axes. The flag initiatives are being introduced with the goal of guiding and increasing the impact of the new projects.

4 Abstract The purpose of the diploma thesis is the analysis of changes in the alpine treeline ecotone with focus on the age structure and cover of the Norway spruce (Picea Abies) in the Giant Mountains in the 20th century. The altitudinal position and the tree density of the alpine treeline ecotone is a sensitive indicator which reflects the human impact as well as the climatic and air pollution changes. Methodical approach included the measuring of the age structure of the Norway spruce by using dendrochronology. In addition the changes of the spruce cover were evaluated from a series of aerial photographs dated 1936, (1953) 1964, 1985 and 2002. Those photographs were orthorectified and classified. The age distribution in the majority of the sample locations is irregular with some prominent peaks that are corresponding to the periods of good conditions and dips pointing out to the periods of disturbances. There is an evident peak during the 30s and 40s which is the same period of the increase of average temperatures of the growing season. On the contrary, depression during the 70s and 80s is detected only in the case of closed-canopy forest. The increasing number of trees during the 90s is related to the decreasing air pollution and to the higher average temperature. Relatively young age structure of the...

Vnímání zemských hranic a jejich role v členění geografického prostoru: irsko-britská a česko-německá hranice v letech 1750-1850 Abstrakt Martina Power Tato práce analyzuje vnímání zemských hranic a prostoru za pomoci srovnání německých cestopisů Čechách a britských cestopisů o Irsku publikovaných mezi lety 1750 až 1850. Obě země mají multietnický a multikulturní charakter, historicky a geograficky definované zemské hranice a jsou ve sledovaném období součástí větších nadnárodních politických celků. Význam a vnímání těchto politických příslušností je zkoumán především s ohledem na sílící integrační tendence vycházející z centra těchto celků. Zohledněno není pouze vnímání hranic politických, ale také vnímání hranic geografických, či "přirozených" (moře a hory) a hranic kulturních. U reprezentací Čech a Irska je předpokládáno, že významné místo mezi kulturními hranicemi budou zaujímat hranice konfesionální, jazykové, etnické, hranice mezi různými typy aglomerací (města a venkov), mezi různými krajinnými typy (hory a nížina) a kvalitativní hranice mezi chudobou a prosperitou. Ačkoli se přítomnost kulturní hranice do jisté míry odráží také do fyzické podoby prostoru, je její konstrukce produktem mysli a vnímání jedince, cestovatele, který se v prostoru pohybuje. Při využití cestopisů k rozkrytí významů, které...

The purpose of the diploma thesis is the analysis of alpine timberline shifts in the Giant Mountains between 18th and 21st century. The altitudinal position of alpine timberline is a sensitive indicator which reflects human impacts as well as the climatic changes. Methodical approach included the reconstruction of alpine timberlines from the old maps (published in 1765, 1851-52, 1879, 1906) and their comparison with the newer data, which were evaluated from a series of aerial photographs dated 1936 and 2002 (actualized 2005; data provided by supervisor). Data obtained from the old maps and aerial photographs (1936) were compared and verified with old photos and postcards from Giant Mountains. The average altitude of alpine timberline increased during the study period. The increase in elevation of alpine timberline is significant between 19th and first half of 20th century, e. g. in period when the human influence in Giant Mountains decreased. It is concluded that position of alpine timberline in Giant Mountains depended on human influence. Key words: tree line, alpine timberline, human influence, Giant Mountains