面對全球化浪潮的衝擊，外國直接投資(Foreign direct investment, FDI)對於國家經濟與區域發展所扮演的角色越來越重要，此些FDI跨國企業所採取全球生產網絡(Global production networks, GPNs)佈局的投資行為，影響國際間不同區域的產業發展與消長，同時也牽動著台灣地區的產業生態，特別是在中國崛起後對台商所產生磁吸效應的壓力下，如何吸引廠商植根或回流台灣，便成為相當重要的課題。 新竹工業區於開發之初即劃設僑外專區，近幾年來園區的總產值居國內各編定工業區之冠，且區位鄰近新竹科學園區，其產業群聚現象正可作為分析全球生產行為的重要對象。基此，本研究一方面以FDI理論為基礎探討新竹工業區內外資廠商的演進變化，另一方面以GPNs理論建立本研究之分析架構，對工業區內的廠商進行深度訪談並輔以問卷調查，探討工業區內廠商的全球生產營運情況，以及全球生產網絡影響下之投資決策及區位變化。 研究結果發現，外資廠商在1980年代大量聚集在新竹工業區周邊，但在全球化浪潮影響下逐漸撤離台灣或轉進大陸，而之後進駐工業區的外資廠商受到先行廠商的影響，在投資產業類別乃至於資金來源都相當類似，一些未撤離的廠商，則是進一步從生產中心的角色轉化為以知識密集為主的研發中心。 另外，工業區內廠商在全球佈局的投資策略下則是將新竹工業區視為第二鏈(2nd tier)的生產與代工者，以圖像化(mapping)分析的方式(Henderson et al., 2002)發現工業區內廠商(如錸德集團)在價值的創造、增強與獲取上雖然比較低，但在全球與跨界的生產網絡中，其決策的權力卻具有極高的地位，而在地方鑲嵌上則與地區機構與同異業廠商建立一定程度的關係。 / Facing the globalization trend, foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an important role in national economic and regional development. Global production networks (GPNs) of transnational corporations (TNCs) have influence over worldwide industry and the circumstances of Taiwan. Hsin-chu industrial park planned foreign zone at initial phase of development, and is now with the highest manufacture productivity than other industrial parks in Taiwan. Owing to its proximity to Hsin-chu Science Park, the industry cluster of Hsin-chu industrial park and their production networks shouldn’t be examined with traditional industrial parks. Therefore, this research based on the concept of FDI and GPNs to build a framework for analyzing firms’ changing, globalization decision making and the relocation behavior by using questionnaire and interview. Research results find that the foreign firms can follow up the firms who had left Hsin-chu industrial park, and those who stayed changed their operation type from labor-intensive in1980s to knowledge-intensive at nowadays. Besides, firms in Hsin-chu industrial park play key producers, OEM and ODM in global production networks (2nd tier). By mapping analysis, this research also finds that flag firms (ex: RITEK) have lower value added, enhancement and capture, but have higher power of decision in GPNs and cross-border production networks and embedded deeply in local.

辛棄疾與姜夔雄踞詞壇，各為南宋豪放與婉約派的代表人物。歷來對二人之研究頗多， 然合而觀者則少，乃興筆者將其作比較之企圖；蓋美的型態是多面的，世上本多相反相 成之物，藉由比較研究的方式，應會激發對詞作藝術及詞人心靈之美更深切的體會，如 此，對詞派、詞美學之研究亦將更具意義。在研究方法上，主要乃以形構主義的批評法 為主，即以作品文本（ Text ）為分析的中心；另又輔以歷史批評法，從文學發展的縱 軸中去解讀詞體風格淵源與發展之跡。全文除前言外，共分七章：前四章可視為理論篇 ，而以一、三、四章為主，第一章緒論乃詞體風格論，從詞史角度分析詞之風格本質與 豪放、婉約二派之源。第二章作者論，評述二人之家庭出身、思想遭遇與詞作流傳。第 三章為詞作主旨探索理論，從中西理論與詞體演進，評估詞作主旨探索與分類之可能。第四章為詞作分類論，敘述對辛、姜二人本於同樣基準上所作的詞作分類項目（全部有 十五類），與筆者對每首詞作主旨之評定。五、六兩章為詞作比較；前章為內容，後章 為形式。內容依前面的分類，分「豪放愛國詞」、「婉約愛國詞」、「友朋別情詞」、 「婉約愛情詞」及「節序詠懷與退隱詞」五節，作比較分析。形式則分修辭與格律兩類 ，主要從意象、造句、章法及詞調、用韻等，作比較分析。第七章為結論。本文研究的 主要成果，第一是在詞作主旨評析與分類模式方面，有較深入的理論思辨，第二是對兩 人詞作風格與內涵關係的解析，如將表現愛國情感的詞作從形式上劃分為「豪放的」與 「婉約的」二類。經由本研究，對辛姜詞作因何表現豪放與婉約之風，就有了較深的理 解，然美學理論的淺昧、引證參考之微薄，則是本文所不足者。

伊斯蘭興起至今已有一千三百餘年，創教之初即傳入中國。「蘇非」(Sufi)一詞早在八世紀後半即已出現，「蘇非思想」(Sufism)不斷的發展，傳入新疆及甘寧青地區，影響極廣。本文乃針對蘇非思想進入新疆後所形成之「依禪派」加以研討，著重在其形成、發展與影響等幾個層面。全文共分六章十四節。在本論之前，先將「新疆」、「回疆」與「回回」等名詞予以界定，並舖陳出新疆之伊斯蘭化。本論部分，首先論述伊斯蘭教蘇非思想之形成及其內涵，繼而探討蘇非如何傳入新疆地區以及傳入後的變化，至依禪派形成，成為新疆伊斯蘭的主流，其涵義、特色及本土化的過程，也將一一探尋，最後則討論依禪對新疆穆斯林社會之影響，以及與中國西北門宦間之關連。以上研究新疆依禪之心得，並整理條列於結論之中。 / It has been about 1300 years since the rise of the Islam, and the religion spread to China soon after its establishment. The term "Sufi" had appeared around the last half of the eighth century, and Sufism spread and brought enormous influence over Hsin-chiang and Kan,Nien,Chin areas. This thesis focuses on the Ishan Section, which was formed when Sufism had arrived Hsin-chiang, and is going to examine its formation, development, influences and other related aspects. There are totally 6 chapters which are composed of 14 sections. Before the main thesis, the terms "Hsin-chiang" 、"Hui-chiang"and"Hui-hui" are defined, the Islamized process in Hsin-chiang is also generally introduced. In th main thesis, the formation and content of Islam Sufism are discussed at first, then the way how Sufi entered Hsin-chang and the changes happened to Sufism are studied later on. The study reaches further into the formation of Ishan, how it became the main stream of the Islam in Hsin-chiang, its overall ideas and localizing process are all examined carefully one by one, In the end, the influences of Ishan had brought to Hsin-chiang Muslim society, as well as the connection with chinese Northwest Men-huan are discussed. In the last chapter, comments and suggestions are given together with the conclusion.

本文旨在透過對外交檔案的整理及文獻之評析，探討1911年至1912年，以辛亥革命事件為核心，前後期間的中俄兩國關係。1911年十月十日在湖北武昌所爆發的新軍起事，以及其後的一系列局勢變化，最終造成了大清帝國的崩潰，與中華民國的成立，是二十世紀東亞史上的重要事件。俄羅斯帝國與大清帝國及其後的中華民國有著綿長的陸緣國界，兩國的政治、經濟、外交、與軍事互動也對十九世紀中葉後的當代中國有著深遠且持續的影響。研究方式主要利用中國、俄國兩國當時之外交文獻架構兩國關係之經緯，佐證關係第三國，如日本與英國之外交文獻以建立較多面向之觀點。 本文將所欲探討之兩國辛亥革命期間關係問題依照其性質分為幾個面向，其一是依照發生時間、二是依照所涉入之政治實體、最後則是依照兩國利害互動之場域，以簡單整理討論之體系次序。 / This thesis aims to sort through government diplomatic archives and historical literature, to analyze and discuss Sino-Russo relation centering the Hsin-hai Revolution period, from 1911 to 1912. The reformed army uprise that occurred in Wu-Chang, Hu-Pei on October, 10, 1911 and the following series of event it triggered eventually caused the collapse of the Ching dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China, making it an important event in 20th century East Asia history. Between the Russia Empire and the Ching Empire, along with the Republic of China, share a well extended border on land. The political, economic, diplomatic and military interaction between the two nations also has profound and lasting influence toward the becoming of modern China from the later part of the 19th century forward. The research was mainly done by organizing through diplomatic archives and memoir at the time to outline the framework of the two nations’ relationship, adding in documents from interest related nations such as Japan and the United Kingdoms to construct a more multi dimension perspective. This thesis separates the study of Sino-Russo relation events during the Hsin-Hai revolution period into several different dimensions. The first is the time the event takes place, the second is by the political entity involved in the event, and the third is the area of interest or conflict of the indicated event, to make out a basic order of discussion.

當伊斯蘭信仰與政治勢力結合時，往往能左右一地的宗教信仰與風俗習慣。雖然如此，伊斯蘭在對外傳播與發展的過程中仍吸收了許多各地的文化特質，使得伊斯蘭文化呈現出多元的面貌，意即具有地方性的特色。 　　伊斯蘭在中國即是一例。基本上伊斯蘭是隨著穆斯林的貿易與移民而傳入中國。在唐宋時期前來中國貿易之阿拉伯及波斯商賈中即有許多穆斯林定居中國。到了元代，由於中亞穆斯林助蒙古人入主中原有功，穆斯林在元朝政治、經濟上均扮演重要的角色。明代則由於明中央政府的漢化政策，穆斯林漢化的速度與程度均超過前代。漢化的加深相對地使得穆斯林之信仰顯得薄弱，大多數的穆斯林對伊斯蘭教義模糊不清，對他們而言伊斯蘭似乎只是一種生活習慣。穆斯林的社會地位也逐漸走下坡。比起元代，明代的伊斯蘭文化呈現衰退的狀態。 　　有鑑於此，中國穆斯林中的有識之士便試圖以著作的方式來振興伊斯蘭在中國的地位。明清時期的伊斯蘭漢文著述為數不少，本文擇其中較具代表性的幾本加以分析討論：王岱輿的 ＜正教真詮＞、馬注的 ＜清真指南＞、劉智的 ＜天方典禮＞、 ＜天方性理＞、馬德新的 ＜四典要會＞。這些兼通伊斯蘭經典與儒家學說的穆斯林學者著書闡述伊斯蘭教義，除了希望能讓中國的穆斯林正確地了解伊斯蘭教義，也希望能得到儒者的認同與支持，因此除了以漢文著作外，在詮釋上試圖以儒家學說輔為解釋，如孔子「天」的概念、宋明理學無極、太極、理氣之說等等。一方面強調伊斯蘭與儒家思想的一致性，一方面又不離認主獨一的信念。這樣闡述伊斯蘭教義的方式成為明清伊斯蘭漢文著作的特色，也逐漸形成具有中國特色的伊斯蘭。這些著作一方面顯現出儒家思想對伊斯蘭教義中國化的影響力，一方面也表示出穆斯林對中國大環境的適應之道。

本篇論文以新光鋼鐵作為企業外匯避險實務之研究對象，從公司之經營策略及財務特性進行分析，並針對公司之長期避險策略與理念進行研究。 深受鋼鐵產業之產業特性影響，公司本業受景氣波動影響程度大。此外，為配合公司轉型，新光鋼鐵財務特性亦出現營運週期增加、存貨占公司資產比例偏高、速動比率偏低的現象，在因為企業轉型而使營運風險漸增的情形下，如何有效穩定公司現金流、降低風險為新光鋼鐵首要任務。新光鋼鐵銷貨成本約有六成以外幣結算，其中又以美元為大宗；對於毛利率偏低的產業而言，美元的變化對公司營運表現顯得格外重要，因此新光鋼鐵以長期匯率變化及市場觀察經驗，研擬出「比例式變動法」之動態避險準則，降低外匯變化對於公司營運之衝擊。本論文除介紹此動態避險準則外，同時亦著重公司長期體悟之避險心境法則。論文中以台灣過去所遭遇較嚴重之金融衝擊事件作為避險績效討論，分別為1997年亞洲金融風暴、2000年網路科技泡沫化、2008次級房貸事件及2013美國QE進場。在此重要事件中，新光鋼鐵因採取積極之避險策略，成功降低公司現金支付美元負債之支出，對企業維持長期競爭優勢具有一定幫助。從數據分析中發現，新光鋼鐵避險策略長期而言仍受匯率走勢之影響，然而在短期及市場極端狀況發生時，避險效果明確。對於多數台灣中小企業而言，避險之財務觀念仍未普遍，新光鋼鐵之避險邏輯及策略著實對於一般企業之風險控管運作，具有啟示效用。 / This study takes Hsin Kuang Steel for example to understand how corporates run foreign exchange hedging strategy. Hsin Kuang Steel operating business is severely affected by economic changes. Besides, as the company transforms the way they do business in recent years, the financial characteristics has changed, such as the increase in business cycle and inventory to asset ratio. In addition, they usually pay in US dollars, so it’s primary mission is to decrease its foreign exchange risk and stabilize cash flows. The company takes advantage of “dynamic hedging strategy” to hedge to minimize the effect of foreign exchange. We use 4 financial events to describe how effective the dynamic hedging strategy works, and also apply the multiple regression to test the the effectiveness of the hedging practice. During Asian Financial Crisis in 1997, Dot-com Bubble in 2000, Financial Crisis in 2008, and US Quantitative Easing in 2013, dynamic hedging strategy plays an important role in decreasing the cash outflow of US dollar debt. From the multiple regression analysis, we find that though Hsin Kuang Steel has high exposure to US dollars, the stock return has nothing to do with US exchange fluctuation both in short-term.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

La thèse s’intéresse au rapport entre temps et mémoire dans la littérature taïwanaise au lendemain de la levée de la loi martiale en 1987. Elle examine plus particulièrement la façon par laquelle la littérature reconfigure son époque comme un espace-temps spécifique. Le roman, genre peu codifié et donc caméléon, et qui s'enracine dans ce souci de mémoire et d'histoire, a fortement marqué la première décennie d'après 1987. L'œuvre de la romancière Chu T'ien-hsin, qui a pour thème central la mémoire, apparaît comme particulièrement représentative du foisonnement de la création romanesque d’après 1987 à Taïwan. C'est à partir de cette œuvre que l'on s'interroge d'une part sur ce vers quoi le désir, voire l'obsession, de raconter le passé pointe et d'autre part comment cette littérature, à son tour, réinvente sa propre mémoire. Dans une tentative d'éclairer la question de la mémoire et de l'identité qui hante une société en voie de mutation, ce travail s'articule autour des nombreux aspects de la mémoire, du temps et des formes qui y sont relatives. Grâce à cette articulation, l'analyse présente les formes de politisation, mais également de dépolitisation et d'a-politisation, qui émergent sur la scène littéraire contemporaine à Taïwan. L'analyse rend également compte de la manière dont ces formes sont en grande partie associées aux tourments et mutations de l'histoire. En cherchant à concilier l'analyse des conditions sociales de la production littéraire et l’étude des formes élémentaires de l'écriture, ce travail se fonde sur une double approche linguistique et culturelle de la traduction. Dans ce cadre, il est dès lors possible d'envisager une stratégie de la frontière qui permet de basculer entre deux cultures différentes dans le souci de proposer une lumière sur la littérature taïwanaise dans le contexte intellectuel français. / The dissertation focuses on the relation between time and memory in Taiwanese literature in the aftermath of the lifting of the martial law in 1987. It further examines how literature reconfigures its epoch into a specific space-time. The concern for memory and history is deeply rooted in the novel, a chameleon-like genre with few codes which has made a big impact in Taiwan in the first decade after 1987. The work of female novelist Chu T'ien-hsin, in which memory is the central theme, is representative of the creative expansion of the novel in Taiwan after 1987. Taking on an analysis of her novels, the dissertation interrogates on the one hand what the desire, or even the obsession, to relate the past points to, and on the other hand, how in turn, this literature reinvents its own memory. In an attempt to enlighten questions related to memory and identity which haunt a society in mutation, the dissertation is articulated around the many aspects of memory, time and their related forms. Through this articulation, the analysis presents the forms of politicisation, as well as the forms of depoliticisation and a-politicisation, which have emerged on the contemporary scene of literature in Taiwan. The analysis further presents how these forms are mostly associated with the torments and mutations of history. With the aim of accommodating the analysis of the social conditions of literary production with the study of the elementary forms of writing, the research is based on a double approach associating linguistic and cultural translation. It is then possible to consider within this framework a strategy of the border which allows to swing over between two different cultures, offering to shed a light of Taiwanese literature within the French intellectual context.

No description available.

University of Macau / Faculty of Education