A análise exergética é aplicada ao corpo humano a fim de determinar o comportamento exergético padrão do corpo e do seu sistema respiratório para um indivíduo saudável em diferentes condições ambientais e intensidades de atividade física. Para isso, são calculadas as taxas de exergia destruída e as eficiências exergéticas do pulmão e do corpo como um todo para diferentes altitudes, períodos de aclimatação, temperaturas, umidades relativas e intensidades de atividade física. São utilizados modelos do corpo e do sistema respiratório disponíveis na literatura, assim como um modelo exergético do corpo. Para a análise exergética do sistema respiratório é proposto um modelo exergético baseado no modelo de transferência de calor e massa presente na literatura. A análise exergética é aplicada a dois volumes de controle: o corpo e o sistema respiratório, que compreende as vias aéreas e os pulmões. No primeiro volume de controle ocorre transferência de exergia para o ambiente através de convecção e radiação, assim como fluxos de exergia através da respiração e evaporação, além da geração de exergia pelo metabolismo exergético. No volume de controle relativo ao sistema respiratório, os fluxos de exergia estão associados ao ar inspirado e expirado e ao sangue venoso e arterial. A transferência de exergia ocorre através do calor gerado pelo metabolismo e do trabalho dos músculos respiratórios. Há também uma variação da exergia relativa ao metabolismo exergético do pulmão. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a eficiência exergética do pulmão diminui com a altitude e atividade física, enquanto a do corpo aumenta para ambos os parâmetros. Com relação à aclimatação, o período no qual as eficiências exergéticas são máximas é a partir de vinte dias. No que diz respeito à variação da temperatura e da umidade relativa, observa-se que quanto maior a intensidade da atividade física, menor a temperatura próxima do conforto. Nota-se que as eficiências do corpo e do pulmão têm comportamentos distintos, sendo o corpo mais influenciado pela intensidade da atividade física, enquanto o sistema respiratório é mais suscetível a alterações das condições ambientais. / Exergy analysis is applied to human body in order to determine the exergy behavior pattern of the body and its respiratory system for a healthy subject under different environmental conditions and physical activity intensities. In order to do so, destroyed exergy rate and exergy efficiencies are calculated for different altitudes, acclimatization periods, temperatures, relative humidities and exercise intensities. An integrated model of the body and its respiratory system and an exergy model of the body are utilized. To perform the exergy analysis of respiratory system, an exergy model based on that available in literature is proposed. Exergy analysis is applied to two control volumes: the human body as a whole and the respiratory system, which comprises the lungs and the airways. In the first control volume, the exergy rate transferred to the environment due to convection and radiation is considered, as well as the exergy flow rate associated with respiration and transpiration and the internal exergy generation caused by the exergy metabolism. In the second one, the exergy rates and flow rates are associated with the venous blood and the inspired air in the inlet and the arterial blood and expired air in the outlet. An internal exergy variation due to the exergy metabolism of the lung, an exergy transfer associated with the metabolism of the lung and the work performed by the respiratory muscles were also taken into account. The results indicate that the exergy efficiency of the lung decreases as the altitude and exercise intensity increase, while the exergy efficiency of the body increases for both parameters. Regarding acclimatization period, the greatest exergy efficiencies are obtained after twenty days. Concerning temperature and humidity variations, the higher the activity level, the lower the thermal comfort temperature. It is also possible to observe distinct behaviors between body and lung. The body is more influenced by the physical activity intensity, while the respiratory system is more affected by environmental parameters.

Orientador: Ernesto Giovanni Boccara / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T01:46:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_AdrianadeSousa_D.pdf: 10920782 bytes, checksum: d042b3349cc769b0784aeef760ae571e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A tese tem como hipotese uma possivel e necessaria construçao de uma interconexao entre duas midias de narrativas imageticas, objetivando colocar o corpo como tradutor da realidade humana subjetiva e dar visibilidade para a imaginaçao atraves do caminho da arte, que abre historicamente trilhas para expressar a vida interior,possiveis atraves de interfaces operacionais com a materia,no caso o proprio corpo / Abstract: The text is a search for interconexion in between two mediatic imagetic narratives,focusing in placing the human body as the translator of the human subjective reality.In order to make visible the human imagination through the art way, wich opens so many trials to express inner life,wich is possible only bonding with matrter, in here the human body iteself / Doutorado / Multimeios / Doutora em Multimeios

Orientador: Eni de Lourdes Puccinelli Orlandi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T18:23:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Azevedo_AlineFernandesde_D.pdf: 2077437 bytes, checksum: 47d23fdf00e59db136f682735ee731b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta tese tem por objetivo compreender os movimentos de sentido sobre/do corpo produzido em diferentes materialidades significantes, e que mantém relação com três práticas discursivas e corporais distintas, aqui teorizadas como tecnologias corporais: a dança, a medicalização do corpo e a tatuagem. Para tanto, priorizamos o espaço da festa rave como lugar de produção dessas práticas, sítio significante que abriga processos de identificação e individualização do sujeito contemporâneo, conforme a proposta de Pêcheux e Orlandi. Interessa-nos, pois, observar as formas de assujeitamento fabricadas na atualidade, em condições materiais e históricas específicas, tendo em vista a forma como o corpo se textualiza nas redes de sociabilidade da Internet. Partimos da suposição de que esse corpo ideologicamente marcado é também um corpo de desejo: lugar de falta, do possível. É pela/na falta que o sujeito se constitui em sujeito de desejo, é na tentativa de tamponá-la que ele tece para si sentidos inscritos em práticas capazes de metaforizar a falta em ser: nas discursividades analisadas, o movimento de sentidos compõe cartografias marcadas por suturas e cicatrizes. Essas metáforas do corpo, assim formuladas, possibilitam pensar as práticas ideológicas como profundamente paradoxais: é no furo, nos sentidos em fuga, que este trabalho dá a ver outros lugares de identificação, permitindo que a noção de resistência seja significada diferentemente / Abstract: The objective of this thesis is to understand the meaning of the movements on/of the body produced in significant different materiality and that keep the relationship between three different discourse and body practices, the dance, medication and tattoo. In order to do so we gave priority to the rave parties, where these are common practices, as a significant place that houses the identification and individualization processes of the contemporary subject according to the Pêcheux and Orlandi proposal. We are interested in observing the forms of subjection currently performed under specific historical and material conditions, aiming to understand how the body is contextualized in the social networks of the Internet. We started with the premise that this ideologically marked body is also a body of desire, a body that lacks a possible body. And it is for what lacks that the subject constituted him/herself in object of desire, and it is trying to disguise it that he/she builds meanings, written in practices that can metaphor the lack of being. In the analyzed discourse the movement of the meanings composes a cartography that is marked by sutures and scars. Formulated like this, these metaphors of the body make it possible to think the ideological practices as deeply paradoxical. It is in the puncture, in the meanings of escape, that this work makes it possible to see other identification places, allowing the notion of resistance to be differently diagnosed / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutora em Linguística

Lors d'un accident de voiture, l'abdomen peut être soumis à des chargements rapides pouvant entrainer des blessures des organes abdominaux. Bien que les modèles éléments-finis humains soient de plus en plus utilisés pour la prédiction de ces blessures pendant un choc, la validation de leur comportement interne reste difficile en particulier à cause d'un manque de données expérimentales disponibles. En effet, la vitesse de tels chargements ne permet pas d'utiliser des moyens d'imagerie « classiques » tel que l'IRM. Basé sur une récente technique d'imagerie (échographie ultra-rapide), ce travail porte sur l'étude du comportement interne de l'abdomen pendant un chargement rapide. D'une part, des essais de chargement rapides ont été menés sur sujet cadavérique permettant de mettre en évidence des relations entre le chargement externe et la cinématique interne du foie. Ces essais ont été simulés en utilisant un modèle humain existant et des tendances similaires ont pu être observées pour certains des résultats expérimentaux. D'autre part, afin d'aider à l'exploitation des données échographiques dans ce contexte, une méthode numérique a été développée permettant de calculer des cartes de déformations d'organe à partir d'images échographique ultra-rapide. Cette méthode a d'abord été évaluée numériquement et expérimentalement. Puis elle été appliquée à des images échographiques de reins isolés soumis à des chargements rapides (humain et porc) issus d'une précédente étude permettant de mettre en évidence l'influence de paramètres tels que la vitesse sur les déformations 2D des différentes régions de l'organe. Dans l'ensemble, ces travaux ont permis de progresser sur la connaissance de la réponse de l'abdomen au choc, et de mettre en évidence les limites de performances des modèles actuels de l'être humain. La méthodologie développée afin de calculer les cartes de déformation devrait aider à renforcer ces connaissances dans le futur / During an automotive accident, the abdomen can be subjected to rapid loading leading to abdominal organ injuries. Although human body models become increasingly prevalent to predict injuries during an impact, the validation of their internal response is difficult, in particular due to the lack of data available. Such impact last less than ten milliseconds making the use of standard imaging (e.g. MRI) tools difficult. Based on a recent imaging modality (ultrafast ultrasound imaging), this work focuses on the study of the internal response of the abdomen during an impact. The in situ internal response of abdominal organs (liver, colon) was observed during impacts delivered to post mortem human surrogates. For the first time, trends were found between the external response and the internal organ kinematics. These tests were simulated using an existing human body model leading to similar trends for some of the responses. Also, a method was developed allowing estimating 2D strains in organs during an impact based on ultrafast ultrasound images. This method was first evaluated numerically and experimentally. Then, it was used to process images of human and porcine kidneys during an impact from a previous study. Results highlight the influence of parameters such as the impact speed on the 2D strains estimated in different organ regions.Overall, this research allowed improving upon the current knowledge on the internal response of the abdomen subjected to impact. It also showed the performance limitation of current human body models. The method developed to compute strain maps should help to further improve that knowledge in the future

Pour progresser sans cesse, guérir ou accroitre les connaissances, le prélèvement d’origine humaine devient le support de la recherche. Celui-ci réunit alors une diversité de réalités médicales et juridiques.De plus, l’évolution historique et médicale a transcendé la matérialité du corps pour devenir immatérialité de l’être. Le polymorphisme de l’objet le rend complexe et connexe à d’autres disciplines pour en déterminer ses fins. D’un tableau du prélèvement, il faut alors en dessiner les contours, les cadres pour en préciser les usages : sans structure pas d’ossature. Son intérêt dans la recherche comme sa nature rendent essentiel l’encadrement de son utilisation. De cette ambivalence de l’outil scientifique s’associe celle de l’outil juridique qui fonde l’équilibre dans son usage. Celui-ci doit s’accommoder. D’une part des nouvelles résonances juridiques du corps, marquées de la distanciation qui s’opère en fait en en droit entre le prélevé et le prélèvement. D’autre part des progrès de la science, dont les connaissances dépassent notre essence risquant de faire perdre alors à la société tout son sens / To increase permanently the knowledge of the Science, the human sample becomes the basis of the Research. Indeed, it symbolizes the scales of the diversity embodied by the medicine and the law. Moreover, the evolution of the medical history allows the body through its materiality to become an immateriality with this spirit and the numeric. The object, which is the body, is complex and attached to lots of different fields that determine its aims. The painting of the human sample is drawn. To go further this thesis will try to lay the foundations of the rules of the human sample. This Research will try to fix the structure of the sample to find the rules and the procedure of the human sample thanks to the law. Without skeleton, no human sample. This is merely bare bone. The interest of the human sample as its nature itself is essential to characterize its interest and the process of its utility. Thanks to this dual image ¬ legal and medical ¬ of the human sample we can find a balance for its using. On one hand to be well-balance the human sample must adapt itself to the new laws taking into account the difference between the status of the human and the status of the human sample. On the other hand, the human sample is just a small thing compared with the financial or scientist stakes due to the globalization. What is the real place of the human sample then ?

This thesis describes the possibilities of wearable antennas and the basic properties description. Numeric model for ISM 2,4 GHz band is created by CST Microwave Studio®. The thesis also deals with the human body proximity effect by two models of human tissue. The effect of flexibility to antenna parameters is evaluated. Several samples of the antenna has been created and measured. Obtained results has been compared with numeric model and with the literature.

Presented thesis is oriented on wearable antennas. The main aim of this thesis is to introduce the basic properties, measurement of textile’s electric properties and several manufacturing methods. The antenna design for the ISM 5.8 GHz bandwidth is also included and further observed by numerical model in CST Microwave Studio. The impact of flexibility and the influence of human tissue are evaluated in the case of designed equipment. According to the optimized design was made several samples by various technologies and samples were measured. Achieved results are further compared to equivalent results listed in actual available references.

KLEMENTOVÁ, Eva. Fine Art as a Space for playing (Art and Drama Approach in Mediation of Art). Prague, 2013. 129 p. Thesis. Charles University, Faculty of Education, Department of Art. Supervisor Kateřina ŠPIČKOVÁ. Abstract This work deals with art-dramatic approach to art lessons and possibility of its use in mediation of art. Theoretical part describes for example methods for mediation of art and publications of domestic authors which contain specific activities for mediation of art. Space is dedicated to five important Prague art galleries (National Gallery, Gallery of capital city Prague, Rudolfinum, Centre for Contemporary Art DOX, Museum Kampa), especially to their education work in an area of mediation of art. Theoretical part also introduce art-dramatic approach - how it was conceived, what characterize it and why is it important for development of student's (man's) personality. Practical part offers art-dramatic project called Emotions which can be used in mediation of art. Project was partially realized in second grade, reflections and pictures from lessons are attached. Key words: drama game, drama education, human body, action, image, mediation of art 5

Le sol en tant que support de la vie urbaine est encore peu pensé par la recherche architecturale et urbaine. Dans un monde où la concurrence entre villes se joue entre autres sur la qualité des espaces publics, il est pourtant un élément essentiel des usages pédestres. Le pied le foule, l’œil le fait entrer dans l’horizon perceptif sans qu’on s’y attarde, et sans qu’une recherche approfondie nous en ait montré toutes les dimensions sensibles.Après un rappel historique des enjeux de l’aménagement du sol urbain, nous nous penchons sur la façon dont celui-ci est très tôt intégré dans la structuration de l’expérience vécue par tout un chacun, notamment lors de l’apprentissage de la marche. Le sol est une donnée première de l’environnement et joue un rôle dans la formation de l’équilibre, du sens de la proprioception. Il participe ainsi à l’arrière-plan corporel de l’expérience, en même temps qu’il est une surface d’échanges. En matière d’architecture et d’urbanisme, nous faisons l’hypothèse que le sol fait partie du fond de l’ambiance : il contribue à l’arrière-plan ambiantal de l’expérience sensorielle des espaces publics. Pour avancer sur ces hypothèses, trois corpus sont constitués : le premier, à partir d’une écoute réactivée de vingt sons enregistrés à Paris, analyse la part du sol dans la qualité sonore de l’ambiance vécue ; le second, issu d’observations et de relevés vidéo sur deux terrains comparés à Barcelone et La Défense, permet d’évoquer les relations entre topographie et mobilité ; le troisième, issu de l’expérimentation de dix parcours commentés effectués les yeux fermés sur une partie du site de La Défense, tente d’approcher l’expérience somatique dans le rapport au sol : comment se joue la relation entre le sol et le « soma » ? Pour conclure, nous discutons les apports réciproques entre Ambiances et Somatiques, deux disciplines au cœur desquelles le sentir est exploré. Que peuvent apporter les somatiques aux ambiances en terme de méthode d’étude, du point de vue théorique et pour l’approche du projet ? / The ground as a support for urban life remains a largely understudied topic in architectural and urban research. In a world where towns compete to offer a better quality of public spaces, pedestrian use is considered as an essential aspect. Felt underfoot and seen on the perceptual horizon without being consciously considered, very little in-depth research has revealed its sentient dimensions.After some brief historical considerations on the importance of urban ground, the study focuses on how the ground is integrated into the lived experience of our environment, beginning with how we learn to walk. The ground is a fundamental dimension and plays an essential role in keeping balance and creating a sense of proprioception. It participates as a basis for bodily experience by providing a surface of exchange. In terms of architecture and urban design, this study posits the ground as part of the ambiance as it constitutes the ambient background of the sensory experience of public spaces. In order to develop this hypothesis three case studies are considered: the first, based on a reactivated listening of twenty sounds recorded in Paris to provide an analysis of the role that the ground plays in experiencing the ambiance; the second, a comparative set of observations and video recordings taken in two sites in Barcelona and La Défense in Paris; the third, is based on ten blind-folded commented walks carried out at La Défense. It tries to examine what the somatic experience of the ground entails, how does the relationship between the ground and the “soma” take place? In conclusion, the reciprocal contributions of Ambiances and Somatics are considered in relation to this material as we ask what new theoretical approaches these disciplines can provide in exploring body experience.

Syftet med studien är att bidra med insikter om utveckling av biologiundervisningen med kroppen som tema i förskolan. Metoderna som har använts är semistrukturerade och strukturerade intervjuer. De genomfördes med sju förskollärare och 19 barn där barnen var i åldrarna mellan fyra och sex år på fyra olika förskolor i mellansverige. De resultat som har framkommit i studien har analyserats genom en fenomenografisk analysmodell samt kategorisering. Resultatet visar att undervisningen om människokroppen endast har skett spontant vid enstaka tillfällen eller inte alls. Utifrån den data som har samlats in ser vi att arbetet, förskollärarnas medvetenhet och barnens kunskaper kring några av människokroppens organ har utvecklingspotential. Barnen visade på bredare kunskap än förskollärarnas uppfattningar. En teori om slutsatser som framkommit är att läropanen ger förskollärarna utrymme för tolkning av arbetet inom biologi då mål med inriktning på människokroppen inte nämns.