The paper presents a study of a highly integrated hydraulic powertrain for mobile working machines. The highlight of this new concept is the replacement of separated drive and working pumps in conventional systems with only one displacement pump. After a comparison of different system architectures, the appropriate operating and control strategies for the chosen topology were applied and optimized. With the help of simulations in AMESim, a proof of the function of the hydraulic circuit and the controlling has been established. In addition, the energy saving potential of the integrated hydraulic system is also considered, by comparing the energy consumption of the new and the conventional powertrain in different duty cycles.

Dissertation thesis falls within the area of indoor climate and deals with a hydraulics of heating systems, mainly with the hydraulic separator. This earlier widely used element of the heating system, which hydraulically separates heat source and heat appliance, is nowadays in the heating systems based on condensation technologies inappropriate, as the results obtained from experimental measurements show. This findings also well correlate with own theoretical solution based on the calorimetric equation. Conclusion of the dissertation thesis shows fact that in case of imbalance flow rate between heat source and heat appliance adverse warming of return pipe water in the heating system with hydraulics separátor is caused. This effect in practice reduces the efficiency of heat production and expected condensation process of flue gas is discontinued.

A three-dimensional computational tool was developed that simulates the heat and mass transfer interaction in a soil-root-stem system (SRSS) for a tree in a seasonally varying deciduous forest. The development of the SRSS model involved the modification and coupling of existing heat and mass transport tools to reproduce the three-dimensional diurnal internal and external temperatures, internal fluid distribution, and heat flow in the soil, roots, and stems. The model also required the development of a parallel Monte-Carlo algorithm to simulate the solar and environmental radiation regime consisting of sky and forest radiative effects surrounding the tree. The SRSS was tested, component-wise verified, and quantitatively compared with published observations. The SRSS was applied to simulate a tree in a dense temperate hardwood forest that included the calculations of surface heat flux and comparisons between cases with fluid flow transport and periods of zero flow. Results from the winter simulations indicate that the primary influence of temperature in the trunk is solar radiation and radiative energy from the soil and surrounding trees. Results from the summer simulation differed with previous results, indicating that sap flow in the trunk altered the internal temperature change with secondary effects attributed to the radiative energy from the soil and surrounding trees. Summer simulation results also showed that with sap flow, as the soil around the roots become unsaturated, the flow path for the roots will be changed to areas where the soil is still saturated with a corresponding increase in fluid velocity.

In this thesis, an innovative coarse grid CFD approach is developed that aims toexploit the capabilities of sub-channel codes and CFD methods while overcoming theirlimitations. In the approach, a very coarse mesh is implemented in the CFD softwareOpenFOAM and a new wall treatment, based on the traditional concept of the wallfunction, is applied to the wall boundary conditions of the domain to take into accountthe low resolution of the grid which does not allow to effectively capture the effect of thesolid walls on the thermo-hydraulics of the flow. To investigate the performance of thenew approach, the method is implemented first in three simple test cases for whichthe sub-channel codes are the state-of-the-art thermo-hydraulic analysis since theyare single-phase flow problems in which there are no prevailing 3D flow conditions.An additional test case representing a 2x2 fuel bundle with three full-length rods andone half-length rod is investigated to verify the behavior of the new approach in caseswhere secondary flows are present. The results for the pressure fields are comparedwith the analytical pressure profiles for the four test cases that well represent the onesthat would be obtained with sub-channel code analysis, while the results for the wallshear stresses obtained in the four test cases are compared with the ones obtained witha more refined mesh in which the traditional wall function approach is implementedsince they should be the best estimation of the actual wall shear stresses at the walldomain. For the first two cases, the developed approach produces reasonable resultswith a good agreement to the analytical pressure profiles while the other two testcases show that the methodology has a limited applicability and, before proceedingwith the extension of the new approach to single-phase problems with 3D prevailingphenomena and two-phase problems, it is necessary to solve the issues that emerge forsome types of cases. / I denna avhandling utvecklas en innovativ CFD-metod med grovt rutnät som syftar till att utnyttja kapaciteten hos underkanalskoder och CFD-metoder och samtidigt övervinna deras begränsningar. I metoden implementeras ett mycket grovt nät i CFD-programvaran OpenFOAM och en ny väggbehandling, baserad på det traditionella konceptet med vägg väggfunktion, tillämpas på domänens vägggränsvillkor för att ta hänsyn till den låga upplösningen av nätet som inte tillåter att effektivt fånga effekten av de solida väggar på flödets termo-hydraulik. För att undersöka prestandan hos den nya tillvägagångssättet implementeras metoden först i tre enkla testfall för vilka subkanalskoderna är den senaste termo-hydrauliska analysen eftersom de är enfasflödesproblem där det inte finns några rådande 3D-flödesförhållanden.Ett ytterligare testfall som representerar ett 2x2 bränsleknippe med tre fullängdsstavar och en halvlång stav undersöks för att verifiera beteendet hos den nya metoden i fall där sekundära flöden förekommer. Resultaten för tryckfälten jämförs med de analytiska tryckprofilerna för de fyra testfall som väl representerar de som som skulle erhållas med kodanalys av underkanalen, medan resultaten för väggskjuvspänningarna skjuvspänningar som erhållits i de fyra testfallen jämförs med de som erhållits med ett mer förfinat nät i vilket den traditionella väggfunktionsmetoden är implementerad eftersom de bör vara den bästa uppskattningen av de faktiska väggskjuvspänningarna vid väggens domän. För de två första fallen ger den utvecklade metoden rimliga resultat med en god överensstämmelse med de analytiska tryckprofilerna medan de andra två visar att metoden har en begränsad tillämplighet och, innan man går vidare med utvidgningen av den nya metoden till enfasproblem med 3D-fenomen och två fenomen och tvåfasproblem, är det nödvändigt att lösa de problem som uppstår för vissa vissa typer av fall.

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A compressible Euler-Euler computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for vapor, gas, and pseudo-cavitation in oil-hydraulic flows is presented. For vapor, the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri (ZGB) model is used and for gas cavitation, the Lifante model. The aim is to determine the empirical parameters within the cavitation models for hydraulic oil by comparing CFD results to experiments in a realistic valve. The cavitating flow is visualized and measured for numerous operating points. By degassing, states of pure vapor cavitation are generated. The major findings are: (1) large eddy simulation turbulence modeling is essential, (2) vapor cavitation in mineral oil can be simulated very well with the ZGB model using the determined parameter, and (3) gas cavitation model provides useful results although not all details can be reflected and its scope is limited.

El Generation IV International Forum (GIF) [1] es un programa internacional dedicado a apoyar, coordinar y dirigir las iniciativas de investigación y desarrollo encaminados a implementar las soluciones tecnológicas que caracterizarán a la siguiente generación de reactores nucleares. Estos reactores se caracterizaran por una gestión más eficiente del combustible nuclear, un incremento en las exigencias de seguridad y una alta competitividad económica. Con tales objetivos, GIF propuso una serie de diseños potencialmente capaces de alcanzarlos. Estos diseños son tecnológicamente muy distintos a las plantas nucleares comerciales actuales al utilizar neutrones de espectro rápido y consecuentemente refrigeración por metales líquidos. Estos nuevos diseños requieren el desarrollo y validación de herramientas computacionales capaces de simular el comportamiento de la planta tanto en fase estacionaria como en transitoria y por tanto sean aplicables en los procesos de diseño y licitación de dichas plantas. El objetivo de esta tesis es el de adaptar los códigos computacionales actuales aplicados a la simulación de reactores refrigerados por agua a reactores rápidos refrigerados por metales líquidos, tales como el sodio o el plomo y el desarrollo de modelos capaces de simular de una manera consistente el comportamientos de los sistemas ante determinados eventos que constituyen la base de diseño de la planta Para ello se adaptaran dichos códigos a la fenomenología específica de estos reactores, se desarrollaran modelos termo-hidráulicos y neutrónicos tanto unidimensionales como tridimensionales de los diseños propuestos y se validarán los resultados para demostrar su aplicabilidad. El trabajo incluye la implementación de correlaciones específicas para habilitar los códigos para el cálculo de la condiciones termo-hidráulicas de los refrigerantes así como la adaptación de los esquemas de acoplamiento termo-hidráulico-neutrónicos existentes a esta nueva tecnología. / Lázaro Chueca, A. (2014). Development, assessment and application of computational tools for design safety analysis of liquid metal cooled fast breeder reactors [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/39353

Purpose - This thesis presents a comparison of aircraft design concepts to identify the superior propulsion system model among turbo-hydraulic, turbo-electric and classic jet propulsion with respect to Direct Operating Costs (DOC), environmental impact and fuel burn. --- Approach - A simple aircraft model was designed based on the Top-Level Aircraft Requirements of the Airbus A320 passenger aircraft, and novel engine concepts were integrated to establish new models. Numerous types of propulsion system configurations were created by varying the type of gas turbine engine and number of propulsors. --- Findings - After an elaborate comparison of the aforementioned concepts, the all turbo-hydraulic propulsion system is found to be superior to the all turbo-electric propulsion system. A new propulsion system concept was developed by combining the thrust of a turbofan engine and utilizing the power produced by the turbo-hydraulic propulsion system that is delivered via propellers. The new partial turbo-hydraulic propulsion concept in which 20% of the total cruise power is coming from the (hydraulic driven) propellers is even more efficient than an all turbo-hydraulic concept in terms of DOC, environmental impact and fuel burn. --- Research Limitations - The aircraft were modelled with a spreadsheet based on handbook methods and relevant statistics. The investigation was done only for one type of reference aircraft and one route. A detailed analysis with a greater number of reference aircraft and types of routes could lead to other results. --- Practical Implications - With the provided spreadsheet, the DOC and environmental impact can be approximated for any commercial reference aircraft combined with the aforementioned propulsion system concepts. --- Social Implications - Based on the results of this thesis, the public will be able to discuss the demerits of otherwise highly lauded electric propulsion concepts. --- Value - To evaluate the viability of the hydraulic propulsion systems for passenger aircraft using simple mass models and aircraft design concept.

Ressource naturelle aussi précieuse qu’indispensable à nos sociétés contemporaines que pendant l’Antiquité, l’eau est le point central de ce sujet de doctorat, que nous avons décidé d’aborder sous l’angle de sa gestion par les différents échelons du pouvoir au sein de l’Empire romain mais également au niveau individuel et privé, et cela à travers l’exemple de la ville romaine de Dougga, située en Afrique Proconsulaire, l’actuelle Tunisie. Cette problématique propose ainsi de s’intéresser aux moyens mis en œuvre par les différents niveaux de responsabilités dans le but d’approvisionner et de gérer les besoins en eau d’une importante ville romaine d’Afrique, en se consacrant à l’étude des différents types d’installations hydrauliques. Cette recherche permet de distinguer les techniques de construction et d’identifier les savoir-faire locaux et les influences romaines. Enfin, la confrontation des équipements hydrauliques entre les différents types d’édifices, permet d’évaluer le mode de gestion de l’eau à l’échelle de la ville. / Natural resource as precious and indispensable to contemporary society during ancient times, water is the central topic of this thesis. We decided to address in terms of its management by different levels of power within the Roman Empire but also at individual and private, through the example of the provincial city of Thugga, in Africa Proconsularis, now Tunisia. This issue proposes to focus the resources used by the different levels of responsibilities in order to supply and manage the water needs of an important Roman city of Africa, dedicated to the study of different types of hydraulic structures.