Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:17:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 teixeira_gf_me_araiq.pdf: 3060049 bytes, checksum: 1e07eb9c5f9e559d8f613ee18e23f273 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho foram obtidos pós de Titanato Zirconato de Chumbo (PZT) com razão Zr/Ti igual 52/48 puro com diferentes concentrações de precursor (0,31 molL-1, 0,16 molL-1 e 0,08 molL-1) e pós com adição de Álcool Polivinílico (PVA) que atua como agente de cristalização. Para a preparação dos pós foi utilizada a síntese hidrotérmica assistida por micro-ondas, este método dentre outras vantagens permite obter materiais cristalinos em menores tempos de síntese a baixas temperaturas. Os pós de PZT puro e com PVA foram obtidos em diferentes tempos de síntese a temperatura de 180°C. As amostras foram caracterizadas por Difratometria de Raios X (DRX), Espectroscopia Raman, Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura de alta resolução (MEV-FEG), Espectroscopia de Fotoluminescência (FL) e Espectroscopia na região do Ultra-Violeta Visível (UV-Vis). Os resultados de DRX indicaram a obtenção de PZT puro e PZT/PVA com estrutura cristalina tetragonal e romboédrica à partir de 1hora de síntese, independente da concentração dos precursores. As partículas possuem forma semelhante a cubos ou folhas que formam mesoestruturas para PZT puro e PZT/PVA. O band gap de energia calculado à partir dos dados de UV-Vis indicaram valores no intervalo de 2,7 eV a 3,1 eV. As bandas de emissão fotoluminescente seguem o modelo da banda larga com máximo de emissão predominante na região verde do espectro eletromagnético / Pure powders of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) with ratio Zr/Ti equal 52/48 with different concentrations of precursor (0.31 mol L-1, 0.16 mol L-1 and 0.08 mol L-1) and PZT powders with addition of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) which acts as an agent of crystallization was obtained using hydrothermal synthesis assisted by microwaves. Among other advantages this method allows to obtain crystalline materials synthesis time decreases and low temperatures. The powders of pure PZT and PZT/PVA were obtained by different times of the synthesis at temperature 180°C. The samples were submitted to characterizations by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy high resolution (SEM-FEG), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), Ultra-Violet Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The XRD results indicate that pure PZT and PZT/PVA present a tetragonal and rhombohedral structure since one hour of synthesis, independent of precursors concentration. The shape of particles resembles cubes or sheets that form mesostructure for pure PZT and PZT/PVA. The band gap energy calculated from UV-Vis data indicated values in the range of 2.7 eV to 3.1 eV. The photoluminescent emission bands follow the model of broadband with maximum emission predominant in the green region of the electromagnetic spectrum

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP / FAPESP:06/53051-8

Orientador: Maria Aparecida Zaghete Bertochi / Banca: Elaine Cristina Paris / Banca: José Waldo Martínez Espinosa / Resumo: Neste trabalho foram obtidos pós de Titanato Zirconato de Chumbo (PZT) com razão Zr/Ti igual 52/48 puro com diferentes concentrações de precursor (0,31 molL-1, 0,16 molL-1 e 0,08 molL-1) e pós com adição de Álcool Polivinílico (PVA) que atua como agente de cristalização. Para a preparação dos pós foi utilizada a síntese hidrotérmica assistida por micro-ondas, este método dentre outras vantagens permite obter materiais cristalinos em menores tempos de síntese a baixas temperaturas. Os pós de PZT puro e com PVA foram obtidos em diferentes tempos de síntese a temperatura de 180°C. As amostras foram caracterizadas por Difratometria de Raios X (DRX), Espectroscopia Raman, Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura de alta resolução (MEV-FEG), Espectroscopia de Fotoluminescência (FL) e Espectroscopia na região do Ultra-Violeta Visível (UV-Vis). Os resultados de DRX indicaram a obtenção de PZT puro e PZT/PVA com estrutura cristalina tetragonal e romboédrica à partir de 1hora de síntese, independente da concentração dos precursores. As partículas possuem forma semelhante a cubos ou folhas que formam mesoestruturas para PZT puro e PZT/PVA. O band gap de energia calculado à partir dos dados de UV-Vis indicaram valores no intervalo de 2,7 eV a 3,1 eV. As bandas de emissão fotoluminescente seguem o modelo da banda larga com máximo de emissão predominante na região verde do espectro eletromagnético / Abstract: Pure powders of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) with ratio Zr/Ti equal 52/48 with different concentrations of precursor (0.31 mol L-1, 0.16 mol L-1 and 0.08 mol L-1) and PZT powders with addition of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) which acts as an agent of crystallization was obtained using hydrothermal synthesis assisted by microwaves. Among other advantages this method allows to obtain crystalline materials synthesis time decreases and low temperatures. The powders of pure PZT and PZT/PVA were obtained by different times of the synthesis at temperature 180°C. The samples were submitted to characterizations by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy high resolution (SEM-FEG), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), Ultra-Violet Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The XRD results indicate that pure PZT and PZT/PVA present a tetragonal and rhombohedral structure since one hour of synthesis, independent of precursors concentration. The shape of particles resembles cubes or sheets that form mesostructure for pure PZT and PZT/PVA. The band gap energy calculated from UV-Vis data indicated values in the range of 2.7 eV to 3.1 eV. The photoluminescent emission bands follow the model of broadband with maximum emission predominant in the green region of the electromagnetic spectrum / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-07-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:40:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 kataoka_fp_me_bauru.pdf: 2231157 bytes, checksum: 41333d9fadeec00b484d0df4442b5ebd (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Os problemas ambientais gerados pelo crescimento das atividades humanas e industriais têm aumentado a necessidade pelo desenvolvimento de tecnologias alternativas para a remediação de sistemas aquáticos contaminados. A fotocatálise heterogênea, utilizando dióxido de titânio, tem se mostrado eficiente neste aspecto. Neste trabalho, foram sintetizadas nanoestruturas de TiO2 utilizando como precursor o isopropóxito de titânio pela rota hidrotérmica. Os materiais obtidos foram caracterizados por DRX, FT-Raman, FTIR, BET e MEV. A fim de avaliar a atividade fotocatalítica das amostras produzidas, foram realizados testes de degradação do corante rodomina B sob irradiação UV, luz branca e luz solar. A medida da degradação da molécula foi mensurada por espectroscopia UV-Vis. Os resultados das caracterizações mostraram que a rota de síntese utilizada foi eficiente na produção de nanoestruturas cristalinas de TiO2 com morfologias diferentes e os ensaios de degradação revelaram que a propriedade fotocatalítica dos materiais esta diferente relacionada com a morfologia, a área superficial e a presença de grupos químicos ligados à superfície / The environmental problems generated by tye growth of human and industrial activities have increased the need for the development of alternative technologies for the remediation of contaminated aquatic systems. The heterogeneous photocatalysis using titanium dioxide, has been show effective in this respect. In this work, nanoestructures have been synthesized as a precursor of TiO2 using titanium isopropóxido by the hydrothermal route. The materials were characterized by XRD, FT-Raman, FTIR, BET and SEM. In order to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the samples produced, tests were performed using degradation of the dye rhodamine B under UV, white light and sunlight. The measurements of the degradation of the molecule was measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results of the characterizations showed that the synthetic route used was efficient in the production of crystalline nanostructured TiO2 with different morphologies and degradation testing revealed that the photocatalytic properties of materials is directly associated to the morphology, surface area and the presence of chemical groups bound to the surface

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Pretende-se com este trabalho estudar o tratamento hidrotérmico e a irradiação como método combinado de conservação e de desinfestação de frutas, otimizando o impacto destes nas características desejadas do produto final. Para isso foram utilizados banhos térmicos com diferentes tempos e temperaturas (46o C, 70 min e 52 oC, 5 min), e diferentes doses de radiação gama (doses 0,3 e 0,75 kGy) em mangas Tommy Atkins procedentes da região de Petrolina. As mangas tratadas pelo método combinado foram armazenadas em temperaturas idênticas à do processo de transporte e estocagem comercial (11º C por 14 dias e temperatura ambiente 25º C por 12 dias), simulando as condições reais a que são submetidas ao serem exportadas. As frutas foram avaliadas através de análises físico-químicas para serem determinados os parâmetros mais adequados de tratamento. Conforme previsto por Oliveira (1998) o método combinado de irradiação e tratamento hidrotérmico apresentou resultados superiores aos métodos individuais no aumento da vida de prateleira. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP / FAPESP:06/53051-8

Orientador:Italo Odone Mazali / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T15:30:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carneiro_NathaliaMedeiros_M.pdf: 9366113 bytes, checksum: 4f9f537dfbffde8a3c9aa6436d02965b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O controle do tamanho e da morfologia dos nanomateriais abre novas perspectivas quanto a novas propriedades e sua aplicação nas mais diversas áreas como eletrônica, física e medicina. Com a redução do tamanho, a superfície dos nanomateriais passa a exercer um papel importante sobre sua reatividade. Nanomateriais de óxidos individuais de ferro, cobre, zinco, hidróxido de cobalto, hidróxido de níquel, óxidos binários, como: ferro-cobalto e ferro-níquel e hidróxido de cobalto-níquel foram sintetizados através do método hidrotérmico. A etapa de síntese inicial consistiu na síntese de óxido de ferro monitorando-se tamanho e morfologia através dos fatores: contra-íon (NO3 ou Cl), pH do meio, tempo de reação e concentração de reagentes. Foram obtidas amostras de hematita (Fe2O3) e amostras com uma mistura de hematita e goethita (FeOOH) com morfologias que variam de esferas a bastões. As curvas de magnetização apresentadas são características de materiais antiferromagnéticos e ferromagnéticos fracos. A mesma síntese com variação apenas do fator contra-íon foi aplicada a níquel e cobalto, levando a formação dos hidróxidos correspondentes na forma de placas hexagonais. A mesma síntese aplicada a cobre resulta na mistura dos óxidos CuO e Cu2O na forma de placas, no entanto para zinco são formados agregados sem uma morfologia definida. Óxidos binários foram obtidos na forma de ferritas de cobalto-ferro e níquel-ferro (MFe2O4) conforme observado através de XRD. A mistura cobalto-níquel resulta em uma solução sólida caracterizada como um hidróxido de níquel-cobalto cristalino com morfologia de placas hexagonais, que é preservada após tratamento térmico e conversão a NiCo2O4. Os materiais foram caracterizados por difratometria de raios X (XRD), espectroscopia no infravermelho (FTIR) e Raman, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM) e transmissão (TEM) e medidas magnéticas (VSM) / Abstract: Size and morphology control of nanomaterials opens new perspectives through their new properties and applications in several areas such as electronics, physics and medicine. With the reduction in size, the surface of nanomaterials plays a major role in their reactivity. Nanomaterials of the individual iron, copper and zinc oxides, cobalt hydroxide, nickel hydroxide, cobalt-nickel hydroxide, mixed iron-cobalt and iron-nickel oxides were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The initial synthetic step consisted in the synthesis of iron oxide by monitoring morphology and size by the factors: counter-ion, pH, reaction time and concentration of reagents. The samples obtained consisted in hematite (Fe2O3) and a mixture of goethite and haematite (FeOOH) with varying morphology from spheres to rods. The magnetization curves showed antiferromagnetic and weak ferromagnetic materials. The same synthetic procedure varying only the counter-ion has been applied to nickel and cobalt, leading to the formation of the corresponding hydroxides in the form of hexagonal plates. The same synthetic applied to copper resulted in a mixture of CuO and Cu2O as plates, however for zinc clusters without a defined morphology were formed. Iron-cobalt and iron-nickel binary oxides were obtained in the form of ferrites (MFe2O4) as observed by XRD. The cobalt-nickel mixture resulted in a solid solution characterized as a nickel-cobalt hydroxide with crystalline morphology of hexagonal plates which is preserved after heat treatment and conversion to NiCo2O4. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) for magnetic property measurement / Mestrado / Quimica Inorganica / Mestra em Química

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / TiO2 nanoparticle films are important electron transport layers (ETLs) in photovoltaics such as dye-sensitised, perovskite and polymer hetero-junction solar cells. These films, however, have significant electron trap-sites as a result of the large density of oxygen vacancies present in nano-sized TiO2. These trap-sites cause electron-hole recombination and ultimately lower photon-to-current conversion efficiency of the underlying cell during operation. Doping the TiO2 lattice with low atomic number elements such as nitrogen is a proven method to overcoming the charge transport inefficiency of TiO2 ETLs; another is the use of one-dimensional (1D) nanowires (NWs), instead of nanoparticles.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The interest in carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon-nanodots and graphene, has grown exponentially because these materials have unique properties and applications in the medical, electronic, clean energy and several other fields for biochemical sensing, energy conversion, photocatalysis, optoelectronics, etc. Carbon dots were discovered in 2004, yet very little research has been done on the colloidal stability thereof. Nanomaterials such as carbon dots will inescapably make their way to natural waters with an unknown environmental fate. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the behaviour of carbon dots under the influence of certain environmental conditions such as pH, ionic strength, and in the presence of natural organic matter. / 2022

No description available.

Hybrid inorganic-organic networks have been studied in both chemistry and materials science due to properties, (e.g. porosity, magnetic and electronic behaviors) that may lead to applications in catalysis, gas absorption and storage. It is important to understand the different structural topologies shown by hybrid networks to help develop practical applications for these materials. The research is focused on the design and synthesis of well-defined hybrid network structures that have potential to contain molecular size cavities that can be used for catalysis and gas storage. In the field of organic-inorganic hybrid networks, the goals are to design and synthesize 1D, 2D and 3D networks with cavities, and to characterize them by X-ray, TGA and surface area measurements. Twenty-six networks have been successfully made with interesting structure topologies. These hybrid network structures are classified into three series based on their ligands. Series I contains ten hybrid networks constructed from the flexible ligand, 4, 4′-trimethylenedipyridine (TMDP), Zn2+ ions, and H3PO3, and with aromatic alcohols as templates to direct the formation of various hybrid network structures. Series II consists of five structures constructed from the relatively rigid ligand, 4, ′-bisimidazolelybipyridine (BIB) with metal ions (Cu2+, Ni2+) and the conjugated bases of H3PO3 and H3PO4. The BIB ligand is not commercially available so is produced and characterized by NMR, mass spectrometry and TGA. Rigid network structures were expected to construct with pores of molecular dimensions with the BIB ligand. To date, the BIB ligand has not yield the desired porous network, however, these 3D hybrid networks have interesting topologies, one of which is an interdigitated network that is the precursor for 3D interpenetrated networks. Series III contains five hybrid structures constructed from various organic ligands, such as tartaric acid, picolinic acid and 1, 2, 4-triazole. In addition to the hybrid networks, six hydrogen bonded networks were prepared. Graph-Analysis is applied to study these hydrogen bonded network structures. The Ï â ¦.Ï interaction is also discussed within the hydrogen bonded networks. / Ph. D.