Objective: The goal of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the relationship between mental health, discrimination, and self-esteem among college students. To further explore this concept, focus group interviews were conducted as a follow up. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a total of five existing literatures was systematically analyzed. Data analytic tables were used to collect information on population and study characteristics for the first part. The focus groups were transcribed verbatim and results were thematically analyzed to identify emergent constructs. Results: There is a substantial relationship between mental health and discrimination among college students, especially within minority groups. There was a difference in self-esteem within the Asian population when utilizing family support, which affected these students’ psychological distress in regards to perceived racial discrimination. Discrimination was associated with physiological distress within the Latino population, and African Americans obtained the highest mean perceived stigma. Focus group results were confirmed similar trends. Students of African American, Asian, and Latino groups shared the same discriminatory experiences when being of darker skin color. For example, a student said, “One time during class we were choosing groups and I heard people say that the Saudi Arabs are lazy and only cheat.” “It made me feel so iv low.” “No one asked me to be in their groups.” As such, it can be seen that such discriminatory acts can negatively impact students’ self-esteem. Conclusion: The results of the study highlight the need for more public health initiative to address mental health and discrimination among college students and how it affects their self-esteem negatively, especially within minority populations.

Despite their prevalence throughout the United States, summer camps are rarely considered as businesses or high-functioning not-for-profit entities. This paper explores the camping industry with a focus on not-for-profit camps. It adapts typical not-for-profit efficiency metrics to camps in order to demonstrate that powerful missions are not always enough to keep not-for-profits in operation. The paper examines two members of the Association of Hole in the Wall Camps which serve children with serious and life-threatening illnesses. Ultimately, this paper is a tool for donors to observe how organizational performance is a crucial factor when donating to organizations with similar mission.

Globally, investigations into food-borne illnesses show that the majority of cases involve poor hand hygiene of the food handler. The challenge of providing safe food therefore requires new strategies for evaluating cross-contamination of pathogenic micro-organisms on the food handler's hands, which might be detrimental or hazardous to the health of the patient Although food-borne diseases may be multifactorial in aetiology, no standards or evaluation systems, such as an occupational health surveillance programme, are available to monitor and ensure that food is free of pathogens. The formulation and implementation of standards may contribute to ensuring that food handlers comply with hand hygiene practices during food handling. Such practices guarantee that food reaching the patient is safe. The objectives in this research project originated from the occupational health practice and gave direction of the empirical research project. The literature was reviewed to discover what is currently known concerning the food handlers' hand hygiene during food handling and food-borne illnesses and the theoretical framework gave direction and guidance to the survey design of the empirical research, which was quantitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature. The food handlers from the food preparation sections of the four major healthcare services in Potchefstroom, in the North West Province, South Africa, were the target population and the sampling method was all-inclusive (n=110). Eighty (75.47%) food handlers participated in the research project. The design entailed three steps. The first was conducted with a questionnaire, to identify the food handlers' compliance with hand hygiene during food handling. The second step involved determining the prevalence of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on the food handlers' hands. The results were used for the formulation of standards for the hand hygiene of food handlers. Finally, recommendations for practice, education and research were made. The implementation of these recommendations could contribute knowledge to the body of nursing and promote good hand hygiene practices in the healthcare service. / Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Globally, investigations into food-borne illnesses show that the majority of cases involve poor hand hygiene of the food handler. The challenge of providing safe food therefore requires new strategies for evaluating cross-contamination of pathogenic micro-organisms on the food handler's hands, which might be detrimental or hazardous to the health of the patient Although food-borne diseases may be multifactorial in aetiology, no standards or evaluation systems, such as an occupational health surveillance programme, are available to monitor and ensure that food is free of pathogens. The formulation and implementation of standards may contribute to ensuring that food handlers comply with hand hygiene practices during food handling. Such practices guarantee that food reaching the patient is safe. The objectives in this research project originated from the occupational health practice and gave direction of the empirical research project. The literature was reviewed to discover what is currently known concerning the food handlers' hand hygiene during food handling and food-borne illnesses and the theoretical framework gave direction and guidance to the survey design of the empirical research, which was quantitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature. The food handlers from the food preparation sections of the four major healthcare services in Potchefstroom, in the North West Province, South Africa, were the target population and the sampling method was all-inclusive (n=110). Eighty (75.47%) food handlers participated in the research project. The design entailed three steps. The first was conducted with a questionnaire, to identify the food handlers' compliance with hand hygiene during food handling. The second step involved determining the prevalence of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on the food handlers' hands. The results were used for the formulation of standards for the hand hygiene of food handlers. Finally, recommendations for practice, education and research were made. The implementation of these recommendations could contribute knowledge to the body of nursing and promote good hand hygiene practices in the healthcare service. / Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

p. 1-238 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-25T17:04:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2222.pdf: 1649329 bytes, checksum: 86e62f2f2ea15891550b171f0bcf2c79 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T17:32:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2222.pdf: 1649329 bytes, checksum: 86e62f2f2ea15891550b171f0bcf2c79 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T17:32:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2222.pdf: 1649329 bytes, checksum: 86e62f2f2ea15891550b171f0bcf2c79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Este estudo investiga os comportamentos e ações voltadas para os cuidados com as crianças, que enfrentam as doenças respiratórias infantis ou das pessoas que vivem com essas doenças ao longo da vida em um assentamento urbano em Fortaleza. Tomamos como ponto de partida a análise da semiologia popular construída através de categorias êmicas e identificadas nas narrativas de casos concretos, pelas quais são reconstituídas as experiências dos problemas respiratórios infantis. O referencial teórico e metodológico adotado foi denominado de sistema de signos, significados e ações desenvolvidos por Corin, Bibeau e outros, aplicado à compreensão e explicação dos comportamentos para enfrentar tais doenças. O trabalho de campo etnográfico foi realizado com vinte e dois informantes-chave, residentes nesse assentamento. Foram empregadas como técnicas de produção de dados entrevista semiestruturada, observação participante e informações documentais, tendo essas complementado e facilitado a triangulação de informações. Os resultados analisados sobre os comportamentos dos sujeitos frente às doenças respiratórias infantis permitiram depreender como dispositivos patogênicos estruturais associados a essas doenças identificados pelos elementos que compõe a cultura, condição socioeconômica, biologia, geografia e política; enquanto a pobreza, o ambiente e a própria história do assentamento constituíram-se como condicionantes estruturantes. No que se refere à análise do modelo explicativo das doenças respiratórias infantis, observamos que as descrições sobre causalidade, transmissão, manifestações, gravidade, processo terapêutico e preventivo, caracterizam-se sob as óticas cultural, psicológica, espiritual, socioeconômica, política e ambiental. A partir de seus discursos, os informantes produziram uma visão integral de saúde e dessas doenças. Na maioria das vezes, os sujeitos inter-relacionavam os fatores ambientais, sociais, econômicos e psicológicos numa perspectiva multicausal haja vista estarem apoiados em várias formas de tratar e prevenir tais doenças. Constatamos que as mães apresentam reações de cuidado com intuito de promover e construir sólidos vínculos afetivos e emocionais com seus filhos. Verificamos que os diversos comportamentos frente às doenças estão intimamente relacionados ao contexto sociocultural, porém, em grande parte, são influenciados por aspectos como o conhecimento e a disponibilidade de recursos terapêuticos; acessibilidade a recursos do setor comunitário tais como rezadeiras e raizeiros urbanos, uso doméstico de plantas medicinais, e, em alguns casos, constatamos a interferência das emoções, condições sócio-econômicas e da avaliação que fazem parte dos sistemas terapêuticos disponíveis. Por fim, consideramos esses achados com grande repercussão na vida dessas pessoas, na medida em que há uma integração dos contextos sociocultural, econômico, político e ambiental, nas ações de promoção da saúde infantil. Nesse sentido, percebemos que efetivamente as ações em saúde somente atingirão essas comunidades, quando o universo sociocultural for incluído nas políticas de saúde infantil destinadas a essas comunidades, caso contrário, as ações permanecerão como maneira comunitária de enfrentamento das doenças respiratórias infantis. / Salvador

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SharmeniaASN.pdf: 2797378 bytes, checksum: c21cd713a5d0826c38908c18d728f0c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-07 / This research aimed at evaluating oral health education activities for Periodontitis carriers, emphasizing the motivation for self-care and understanding the cultural aspects involved. This was a qualitative and quantitative study. Based on the qualitative referential, 20 interviews were done, in which differences between scientific and popular explicative models of the health-illness process were verified, besides the increased knowledge and motivation in relation to the use of preventive measures and also the fails in the understanding of the chronic character of periodontitis, enhancing frustration and guilty feelings in the patients. Two groups were structured: intervention and control. The intervention group was submitted to clinical attendance and education activities, while the control group undergone the traditional clinical attendance only. The sample consisted of 51 participants of intervention group and 47 of control group. Structured interviews were conducted at the beginning and at the end of the treatment in order to evaluate the knowledge and motivation for self-care in both groups. For comparison between the previous and post moments in both groups, there were applied McNemar tests with a probability of p < 0.05. In intervention group there was an increase in knowledge related to the name, the causes and related factors of the disease (p < 0.05). In control group there wasn t a rise in the understanding of the diseases chronic character, unlike in intervention group. However, in what concerns self-care, a greatest frequency in medium and high scores was observed in both groups. By this study, it is conclude that there is a common sense knowledge about the importance of preventive techniques and poor oral health as causing periodontitis; clinical interventions for bearers of chronic Periodontitis do not add values to the patients, regarding the illness, its causes and its chronic character; popular beliefs stay in their imagination, and the patients have a increased motivational capacity for self-care / Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar atividades educativas em sa?de bucal aos portadores de periodontite cr?nica, enfocando a motiva??o para o autocuidado e compreendendo os aspectos culturais envolvidos. Tratou-se de um estudo qualitativo-quantitativo. A partir do referencial qualitativo, foram realizadas 20 entrevistas, em que foram verificadas diferen?as nos modelos explicativos cient?fico e popular do processo sa?de-doen?a, al?m do elevado conhecimento e motiva??o em rela??o ? utiliza??o de medidas preventivas, al?m de falhas na compreens?o do car?ter cr?nico das periodontites, gerando sentimentos de culpa e frustra??o nos pacientes. Dois grupos froma estruturados: interven??o e controle. O grupo de interven??o foi submetido a atendimento cl?nico e atividades educativas, enquanto o grupo-controle participou somente do atendimento cl?nico A amostra constituiu-se de 51 participantes do grupo de interven??o e 47 do controle. No in?cio e no final do tratamento foram realizadas entrevistas estruturadas para avaliar o conhecimento e a motiva??o para o autocuidado nos dois grupos. Para a compara??o entre os momentos antes e depois, nos dois grupos, foi realizado o teste McNemar, com uma probabilidade de p < 0,05. No grupo de interven??o houve um incremento do conhecimento em rela??o ao nome, ?s causas e aos fatores relacionados ? doen?a (p < 0.05). No grupo controle n?o houve aumento na compreens?o do car?ter cr?nico, ao contr?rio do grupo de interven??o. Entretanto, no que se refere ao autocuidado, observou-se uma maior freq??ncia nos escores entre m?dio e alto, nos dois grupos. Atrav?s deste estudo foi conclu?do que existe um conhecimento senso comum sobre a import?ncia das t?cnicas preventivas e a m? higiene oral como causadora da periodontite; as interven??es cl?nicas, n?o acrescentam valores ao paciente em rela??o ao conhecimento de qual doen?a possui, suas causas e seu car?ter cr?nico; as compreens?es populares permanecem no imagin?rio popular e os pacientes possuem uma elevada capacidade motivacional para o autocuidado

O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi identificar e analisar as percepções dos Secretários Municipais de Saúde da 5ª Regional de Saúde do Estado do Paraná acerca da realização de atividades físicas no Programa Saúde da Família (PSF). Como objetivos específicos elegemos caracterizar e analisar a prática da atividade física nos PSFs dos referidos municípios, bem como, verificar a inserção de profissionais de educação física nessas equipes do PSF. Tomamos como pressuposto teórico as discussões sobre promoção da saúde presentes nas Conferências Internacionais de Promoção da Saúde, buscando articulá-las à teoria e a prática da atividade física. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo exploratório (TRIVIÑOS, 1992), com abordagem qualitativa, sendo os sujeitos constituídos de onze secretários de saúde dos municípios da regional citada, e também nove profissionais da área da saúde que são responsáveis pelas atividades físicas realizadas no PSF destes municípios. Os dados empíricos foram coletados através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com os secretários de saúde, e também dos questionários aplicados com os profissionais de saúde responsáveis pela realização das atividades físicas. A organização dos dados foi feita conforme ferramenta metodológica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo - DSC (LEFÈVRE, 2000). Após construirmos os DSCs, elegemos três unidades temáticas, a partir dos conteúdos: Processo de Educação em Saúde, Atividades Físicas no PSF, Prevenção e Promoção da Saúde. Como considerações finais, ressaltamos: o processo de educação em saúde demonstra ter um caráter mais modelador que emancipatório. O entendimento de promoção da saúde está mais ligado à uma visão limitada do processo saúde-doença, pautado no conceito de saúde como ausência de doenças, com alguns apontamentos para uma visão mais ampliada, abarcando aspectos sociais e psicológicos. Verificamos de forma incipiente a realização de atividades físicas em nove equipes de PSF nos municípios participantes da pesquisa, principalmente a caminhada, sob a iniciativa e responsabilidade de profissionais da saúde (quatro enfermeiras, três fisioterapeutas e dois profissionais de Educação Física). Sobre a prática da atividade física no PSF, os gestores a identificam como uma estratégia na prevenção de doenças crônicas, em especial, obesidade, diabetes e hipertensão. Na perspectiva de se aproximar à um conceito mais ampliado de promoção da saúde, os gestores ressaltaram que a atividade física inserida na estratégia do PSF pode trazer outros benefícios além dos biológicos, tais como: desenvolvimento da autonomia para realização dos afazeres do dia-a-dia, melhoria do convívio social, interferência em situações de risco social, educação em saúde e como opção de lazer, no entanto, ainda de forma incipiente. Para tanto, sugerimos que é preciso se (re) pensar a formação dos profissionais da saúde, em especial, a do profissional de Educação Física, buscando uma visão de promoção da saúde, que abarque todas as suas possibilidades, potencialidades, bem como, sua complexidade. Também é preciso vislumbrar outras estratégias que ampliem as possibilidades da atividade física ser incorporada de forma mais sistematizada e ampliada, na atenção à saúde, valorizando o conhecimento da área de Educação Física na construção do SUS. / The general objective of this research was to identify and to analyze the perceptions of the Municipal Secretaries of Health of 5th Regional of Health in Paraná concerning the accomplishment of physical activities in the Health Family Program (PSF). As objective specific we choose to characterize and to analyze the practical one of the physical activity in the PSFs of the related cities, as well as, to verify the insertion of professionals of physical education in these teams of the PSF. We take as estimated theoretician the quarrels on promotion of the health gifts in the International Conferences of Promotion of the Health, searching to articulate them with the theory and the practical of the physical activity. It’s about an exploratory descriptive study (TRIVIÑOS, 1992), with qualitative boarding, being the consisting citizens of eleven secretaries of health of the cities in the regional one cited, and also nine professionals of the area of the health who are responsible for the carried through physical activities in the PSF of these cities. The empirical data had been collected through interviews half-structuralized carried through with the secretaries of health, and also of the questionnaires applied with the responsible professionals of health for the accomplishment of the physical activities. The organization of the data was made in a methodological agreement tool of the Speech of Collective Citizen - DSC (LEFÈVRE, 2000). After to construct the DSCs we choose three thematic units from the contents: Process of Education in Health, Physical Activities in the PSF, Prevention and Promotion of the Health. As final considerations, we stand out: the process of education in health demonstrates to have a character more modeler than emancipation. The agreement of promotion of the health is on to the one limited vision of the process health-illness based in the health concept as absence of illnesses, with some notes for an extended vision more, accumulating of stocks social and psychological aspects. We verify of incipient form the accomplishment of physical activities in nine teams of PSF in the participant cities of the research, mainly the walked one, under the initiative and responsibility of professionals of the health (four nurses, three physiotherapists and two professionals of Physical Education). On the practical one of the physical activity in the PSF, the managers identify it as a strategy in the prevention of chronic illnesses, in special, obesity, diabetes and high blood pressure. In the perspective of if more approaching to the one extended concept of promotion of the health, the managers had stood out that the inserted physical activity in the strategy of the PSF can bring other benefits beyond the biological ones, such as: development of the autonomy for accomplishment of the tasks of day-by-day, improvement of the social conviviality, interference in situations of social risk, education in health and as leisure option, however, still of incipient form. For in such a way, we suggest that she is necessary if (re) to think the formation of the professionals of the health, in special, of the professional of Physical Education, searching a vision of promotion of the health, that accumulates of stocks all its possibilities, potentialities, as well as, its complexity. Also it’s necessary to glimpse other strategies that more extend the possibilities of the physical activity to be incorporated of systemize and extended form, in the attention to the health, valuing the knowledge of the area of Physical Education in the construction of the SUS.

Thesis (Ph. D. (Social Work)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / Refer to document / University of Limpopo

Le maintien dans l'emploi d'un salarié malade chronique est une situation de hautecomplexité par des implications professionnelles, juridiques, sociales et relatives à la sphèreprivée, concernant une multitude d'acteurs communiquant de façon plus ou moins efficace.L'ergonome consultant est sollicité ponctuellement pour agir sur cet objet multidimensionnelavec de multiples contingences, impliquant des contraintes de temps, des contretemps etdes imprévus. Dans cette recherche, le processus "maintien dans l'emploi" est modélisé autravers des cadres temporels (fenêtre d'intervention ergonomique et épisode "InterventionMaintien dans l'Emploi") et des temporalités (histoires longues du salarié et de l'entreprise)impliqués. A l'aide de trois grandes méthodes d'analyse (autoanalyse d'interventions,simulations d'interventions et suivis-observations d'autres ergonomes), il est possible decaractériser le pilotage efficace et subtil des dimensions temporelles, mis en oeuvre parl'ergonome dans ce contexte d'intervention précis. Ce pilotage implique une certainedynamique d'intervention alternant des processus de compréhensions et d'actions.L'ergonome agit ici et maintenant mais dépasse aussi le cadre contraint de sa fenêtred’intervention. Il cherche à avoir prise sur chacune de ces dimensions temporelles, par unprocessus actif de construction de sa représentation. Pour pérenniser au mieux le maintiendans l'emploi du salarié concerné, il va tenter de réduire, voire de prévenir les dyschroniesentre ces dimensions temporelles, et de promouvoir entre elles des articulations efficientes. / Keeping a chronically ill person at work is a highly complex situation, considering itsimplications in professional, legal, and social implications as well as those related to theprivate sphere. These situations involve a multitude of stakeholders who communicate inmore or less efficient ways. Consultants in ergonomics are occasionally called on to act uponthis multidimensional object that is subject to many contingencies that involve timeconstraints, delays, and unforeseen events. In this research work, we have modelled theprocess of “maintaining in employment” based on the time frames (the window of ergonomicintervention and the episode of “intervention for maintaining in employment”) and the timelapses (the long-term histories of the employee and of the company) involved. Using threemain methods of analysis (self-analysis of interventions, simulations of interventions andobservations of other ergonomists), we were able to characterize the effective and subtlemanagement of temporal aspects by the ergonomist operating within this specific context ofintervention. This management implies specific dynamics of intervention, alternatingprocesses of understanding and action. Ergonomists act in the “here and now”, but also gobeyond the constrained framework of their window of intervention. They aim to gain controlover each of these temporal dimensions, through a process of active construction of theirrepresentations. In order to maintain the workers involved in sustained employment in thebest possible way, they will attempt to reduce, or even prevent the dyschronies betweenthese different dimensions, and to promote constructive connections between them.

Despite the trends showing a reduction in the use and abuse of drugs among American adolescents, the prevalence rates remain high. There is also comorbidity of mental illnesses among the adolescents using drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and nature of the association between the use and abuse of marijuana and alcohol and mental illnesses among the American adolescent population. The noted comorbidities and the hypothesized association between the substance abuse and mental illnesses were explained using the expectancy theory. Using a quantitative research methodology, secondary data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health for 2014 and 2015 were analyzed. Data analysis yielded a positive but weak association between use and abuse of alcohol and marijuana through proxies such as marijuana use in the past month (p = 0.01), first use of marijuana (p = 0.016), alcohol use disorder in the past year (p = 0.002), alcohol dependence in the past year (p = 0.001), and the occurrence of mental illnesses. The association was statistically significant in all proxies except alcohol use in the past month. F-test results were also statistically significant (p = 0.022, R2 = 0.242). The findings showed that adolescents who used marijuana and alcohol were more likely to develop mental illnesses. It is recommended for relevant federal and state governments and public health agencies to develop social programs to address the two issues inclusively rather than exclusively.