The aim of the study was to develop an in-depth understanding of the migration experiences of the Italian community of Australia, with a case study of the regional Friulan community of Sydney. For the ways in which people identify themselves at different times and in different environments may not always be consistent. The purpose of the study was to add to the exploration of the diversity, cultural variety and richness cultural communities have brought to Australia. The study set out to fulfill an important function in adding to the accounts of the diversity of ethnic groups in Australia, their structure and cultural backgrounds and the values of family members. Since culture is concerned with meaning, there is of course a very close relationship between culture and language, through which kin relationships, obligations and duties are expressed and appropriate behaviour defined. It is that meaning and relationship that led me to investigate the Italian and Friulan communities. The study took on the form of an ethnography enabling me, the researcher, to participate in order to develop an in depth understanding of the experiences of the Italian migrants, in particular the Friulan community. The data was collected by using key informant interviewing. The participants were encouraged to freely reflect on their past and present experiences to enable them to make a comparative analysis of their experiences in Australia and in their country of origin. This enabled the migrants to take on the role of culturally knowledgeable informants supplying information which was significant to them and which reflected their perceptions of their life experiences. The data has been faithfully recorded to represent the immigrant's point of view. The study revealed that many of the first and second-generation are highly involved with their Italian heritage and operate comfortably with a bicultural ethnic identity. The second generation have reconstructed the Italian-Australian family, thus changing the Italian community and providing links between the Italian, the Anglo-Australian and the other ethnic communities. Ethnicity is continually negotiated and is a constant source of transformation for people of immigrant background. If Italian-Australians continue to associate, both through family and cultural practices then the Italian-Australian identity will continue. The big question is what will happen in the third and fourth Italian-Australian generation. It is here that the question of ethnic and national identity becomes highly relevant. Cultural diversity presents challenging issues for Australia: what it means to be an Australian; the relationship between national and personal identities; identifying and working in both the cohesive and divisive forces in a multicultural society; and the form and flavour of a future republic. None of these issues are new, yet all are of immediate concern, and the symbolic importance of the approach of the twenty-first century invests them with particular meaning.

A lack of adequately built environments can negatively affect obesity rates among adolescents. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to determine if there is a relationship between the presence of built environments and childhood obesity among the immigrant population living in Cobb County Georgia. The social ecological model was used to explain how environmental factors may influence behavior. The research questions addressed whether walkability and elements of built environments such as to healthy foods and access to parks and recreational areas of census tracts affect childhood obesity when adjusting for race/ethnicity and immigrant population in Cobb County. Data was collected from government websites. Student enrollment, school ethnicity, and free/reduced lunch data were retrieved from the website, School Digger, which gathered their information from the National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, the U.S. Census Bureau, and the Georgia Department of Education data sources. Average BMI data were gathered from the Georgia Department of Education 2016-2017 Georgia fitness assessment report. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson correlation and 1-way ANCOVA. Findings showed a statistical significance with the existence of farmer's markets and child obesity but no significance among the other built environment variables. The results from this study can help community leaders develop an inclusive plan to reduce the occurrence of obesity in adolescents within the target area.

Longer-term immigrants residing in the United States exhibit physical health decline related to higher body mass index (BMI). Theories on immigrant acculturation have been used to examine health patterns by length of stay in the United States. The purpose of this cross-sectional study, guided by the Schwartz model of acculturation, was to examine the effect of acculturation and length of stay in the United States on BMI in a sample of Haitian immigrants living in the Northeast Metropolitan area. The research question was used to examine the effects of acculturation and length of stay on BMI in the convenience sample of 116 Haitian men and women, aged 18 years and older, who had relocated to the United States for 3 years or more. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and medical records from a participating health clinic and then analyzed by conducting a multiple linear regression. According to study results, acculturation, length of stay, age, gender, and physical activity were not significant predictors of BMI change. An ancillary analysis using the subscales of acculturation revealed similar results. This study may provide positive social change by enabling health providers to understand the beliefs, values, and practices of Haitian immigrant groups and the acculturation pattern of individuals when providing care for this population.

Com a edição da Lei Municipal nº 16.478/2016, o município de São Paulo institucionalizou a Política Municipal para a População Imigrante, a qual estabelece as diretrizes para um conjunto de políticas públicas municipais direcionadas à população migrante - nesta incluídos os refugiados, refugiadas e solicitantes de refúgio. Além da política municipal ainda inédita no país, a Lei nº 16.478/2016 também inovou por resultar de um processo de elaboração amplamente participativo, a fim de garantir a normatização de uma demanda reivindicada: o acesso efetivo à cidade. No caso específico dos e das habitantes em situação de refúgio, a falta de acesso à cidade significa a deficiência no seu acolhimento efetivo. O presente estudo de caso apresenta-se como uma investigação jurídico-sociológica que verifica se a garantia da participação política da população em situação de refúgio durante o processo de elaboração da referida lei consistiu em um meio de efetivação do seu direito à cidade. Para tanto, utiliza as técnicas de pesquisa teórica nas formas bibliográfica e documental, com o levantamento de obras, diretrizes e normativas sobre o tema, incluindo os documentos oficiais referentes à política municipal em comento. Realizada a análise crítica do material levantado, verificou-se que o direito à cidade significa o direito de participação integral na e da cidade, isto é, engloba tanto o direito de usufruir dos serviços e oportunidades oferecidos pelo ambiente urbano, como o direito de participar politicamente da sua construção. A partir de uma \"nova\" concepção de cidadania, pautada no novo constitucionalismo e no pensamento descolonial latino-americanos, os e as habitantes em situação de refúgio também se qualificam como cidadãos e cidadãs e, portanto, têm direito à cidade. O trabalho conclui pela efetivação parcial do direito à cidade de refugiados, refugiadas e solicitantes de refúgio por meio da garantia do seu direito de participação política durante o processo de elaboração da Política Municipal para a População Imigrante. / With the enactment of Municipal Law no. 16.478/2016, the municipality of São Paulo institutionalized the Municipal Policy for the Immigrant Population, which establishes the guidelines for a set of municipal public policies for the migrant population - including refugees and refugee applicants. In addition to the municipal policy still unpublished in the country, Law no. 16.478/2016 also innovated as a result of a largely participatory process of drafting, in order to guarantee the standardization of a claimed demand: effective access to the city. In the specific case of refugee population, the lack of access to the city means the deficiency in their effective reception. The presente case study presents itself as a juridical-sociological investigation that verifies if the guarantee of the political participation of the refugee population during the processo of drafting that law consisted of a means of enforcement their right to the city. For this purpose, it uses theoretical research techniques in bibliographical and documentary forms, with the collection of works, guidelines and regulations on the subject, including the official documents referring to the municipal policy in question. Once the critical analysis of the material has been analyzed, it has been verified that the right to the city means the right of full participation in and of the city, tha is it encompasses both the right to enjoy the services and opportunities offered by urban environment and the right to participate politically in its construction. From a \"new\" conception of citizenship based on the new Latin American constitutionalism and decolonial thinking, the refugee inhabitants also qualify as citizens, and therefore have the right to the city. The work concludes by the partial realization of the refugees and refugee applicants\" right to the city by guaranteeing their right to political participation during the process of draftinng the Municipal Policy for the Immigrant Population.