This paper describes the development of a pre-school child, their relationship with their coevals and adults, acquire of social rules and gives a true picture of the main activity of a child of this age. It also deals with drama improvisation as a method of drama education. It deals with its goals, functions, sorting, models in detail and presents the needs of the pedagogue of drama education and their attitude to children. The text is completed with examples of games, plays and exercises focused on drama improvisation. A great part of the work deals with didactics of drama improvisation. It describes the sources of ideas, assignments of themes and topics, preparation, construction, leading, reflexion and evaluation of drama improvisation. It examines attitude, behaviour and action of a teacher during drama improvisation. It then describes the project and its kinds, project method and education, its advantages, problems and principles. The part of the work is a project focusing on drama improvisation which is carried out in praktice.