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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Evaluation of immune parameters of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei submitted to baths of immersion with sulfated polysaccharides Spirulina platensis / AvaliaÃÃo dos imunoparÃmetros do camarÃo branco Litopenaeus vannamei submetido a banhos de imersÃo com polissacarÃdeos sulfatados de Spirulina platensis

Luis Paulo AraÃjo Lage 21 October 2011 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A aquicultura à uma das atividades produtoras de alimento que mais cresce a nÃvel mundial e o cultivo de camarÃes marinhos apresentou a maior taxa de crescimento mÃdia nos Ãltimos 50 anos. A busca por produÃÃo, muitas vezes, requer um incremento na densidade utilizada, levando os indivÃduos cultivados a condiÃÃes de estresse e ao surgimento de doenÃas oportunistas. O uso de imunoestimulantes na aquicultura, entre eles os polissacarÃdeos sulfatados (PS), tem resultado em um aumento na resistÃncia dos animais a patÃgenos e a situaÃÃes de estresse. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos PS de Spirulina platensis em pÃs-larvas (PLâs) e juvenis do camarÃo branco Litopenaeus vannamei, por meio de banhos de imersÃo. A administraÃÃo do PS para as PLâs de L. vannamei foi realizada nas concentraÃÃes de 0 (controle); 50; 100 e 200 mg L-1, duas horas antes da avaliaÃÃo da resistÃncia das mesmas ao teste do estresse salino. Os juvenis de L. vannamei foram expostos, durante trÃs horas, aos PS de S. platensis nas concentraÃÃes de 0 (controle); 60; 120 e 240 mg L-1 seguida da coleta da hemolinfa para a anÃlise dos seguintes imunoparÃmetros: contagem total (CTH) e diferencial (CDH) de hemÃcitos, concentraÃÃo protÃica no soro, atividade da fenoloxidase (PO), atividade da α2-macroglobulina (α2-M) e atividade hemaglutinante do soro. ApÃs o teste do estresse salino, foi observado que as PLâs expostas aos PS na concentraÃÃo de 100 mg L-1 apresentaram uma tendÃncia de maior sobrevivÃncia, mas nÃo houve diferenÃa significativa entre os tratamentos. Com relaÃÃo aos imunoparÃmetros, a CTH foi reduzida quando os animais foram expostos aos PS e nas concentraÃÃes mais altas a CTH voltou aos valores normais. Porem, nÃo houve diferenÃa significativa entre os tratamentos e o controle. No entanto, a diferenÃa significativa foi observada entre os tratamentos que foram expostos ao PS. O nÃmero de hemÃcitos granulares (HG) apresentou uma tendÃncia de queda na concentraÃÃo de 60 mg L-1 e, com o incremento da concentraÃÃo de PS, os valores de HG tambÃm tenderam a aumentar, porÃm nÃo houve diferenÃas significativas em relaÃÃo ao controle. No entanto, foi observada diferenÃa significativa entre as contagens de HG nas concentraÃÃes de 60 e 240 mg L-1. A atividade da PO foi significativamente reduzida na concentraÃÃo de 60 mg L-1 o que pode estar relacionado ao baixo valor de CTH como tambÃm à elevada atividade do inibidor de protease α2-M. A atividade da PO voltou a ser semelhante à obtida no controle com o aumento da concentraÃÃo de PS para 120 mg L-1 e foi novamente reduzida na maior concentraÃÃo (240 mg L-1). A atividade do inibidor de protease α2-M foi significativamente elevada quando os animais foram expostos aos PS nas concentraÃÃes de 60 e 240 mg L-1, enquanto essa atividade se manteve semelhante ao controle na concentraÃÃo de 120 mg L-1. Dessa forma, nÃo houve necessidade de regulaÃÃo do sistema proPO, quando os camarÃes foram expostos à concentraÃÃo intermediÃria dos PS de S. platensis. A administraÃÃo dos PS de S. platensis aos camarÃes L. vannamei foi capaz de modular a resposta imunolÃgica desses animais de maneira diferente, dependendo da concentraÃÃo utilizada. Com a realizaÃÃo deste experimento pode-se concluir que a concentraÃÃo intermediÃria de 120 mg L-1 foi a mais eficiente, jà que manteve os nÃveis de hemÃcitos circulantes e as atividades basais da PO e α2-M. / Aquaculture is the food-producing activity that presented the fastest grow the worldwide and the cultivation of marine shrimps had the highest average growth rate over the past 50 years. The search for growing up the production, obtained through the increase on the density, carrying the animals on condition stress and the appearance of diseases. The use of immunostimulants on aquaculture, like the sulfated polysaccharides (SP), resulted in an enhancement of the animalâs resistance against pathogenic microorganism and stress situations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the SP of Spirulina platensis in post-larvae (PL's) and juvenile of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannameithrou gh immersion baths. The administration of the SP to L. vannameiâs PL's was performedat concentrations of 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 mg L-1, two hours before the evaluation of their resistance to the salt stress test. The juveniles of L. vannamei were exposed for three hours to the SP of S. platensisat concentrations of 0 (control), 60, 120 and 240 mg L-1 followed by a hemolymph collection for analysis of the following immune parameters: haemocytes total (THC) and differential (DHC) counts, serum protei n concentration, activity of phenoloxidase (PO), activity of α2-macroglobulin (α2-M) and serum hemagglutinating activity. After the salt stress test it was observed that the PLâs that were exposed to the SP at a concentration of 100 mg L -1 showed a tendency of a higher survival rate but there was not any significant difference between the treatments. Regarding the immune parameters, THC was reduced when the animals were exposed to the SP, while the exposure of shrimp to higher concentrations of PS resulted in normal values of the THC. However, no significant differen cebetween treatments and control. But, the significant difference(p≤0.05) was observed between the treatments that were exposed to PS. The number of granular haemocytes (GH) showed adownward trend in the concentration of 60 mg L -1 and, with increasing concentration of SP, the values of HG also tended to increase, but without significant differences compared to that of the control. However, significant differences were observed between the number of HG at concentrations of 60 and 240 mg L - 1. The PO activity was significantly reducedat a concentration of 60 mg L - 1 which may be related to the low value of THC as well as the high activity of the protease inhibitor α2 -M. The PO activity was again similar to that obtained in control with increasing concentration of SP to 120 mg L -1 and was further reduced in the highest concentration (240mg L-1). The activity of the protease inhibitor α2-M was significantly higher when the shrimps were exposed at concentrations of 60 e 240 mg L -1, while this activity was similar to that of control at a concentration of 120 mg L -1. Thus, there was no need for regulation of the proPO system, when the shrimp were exposed to an intermediate concentration of SP of S. platensis. The administration of SP of S. platensis to shrimps L. vannamei was able to modulate the immune response of these animals in different forms depending on the concentration used. So analyzing the results it is possibl e to conclude that the intermediate concentration of 120 mg L -1 was the most efficient, since it maintained the levels of circulating hemocytes and the basal activities of PO and α 2 -M.

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