Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 37-45).

Thesis--Wisconsin. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-128).

Thesis (Th. M.)--Talbot School of Theology, Biola University, 1987. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-175).

M.A. (Clinical Psychology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

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The kinetics of plasma calcium regulation in man were studied by noting the response to intravenous injection of calcium as gluconate given at the rate of 10 mg/kg/hr. Twenty-nine infusion tests were carried out on 20 adult male subjects. The series comprised normals, cases of hypoparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, Paget's Disease, and osteoporosis. All were hospitalized at the time of the study. The changes in levels of plasma calcium, phosphorus and citrate were followed by frequent blood sampling. Excretion of calcium, phosphorus and citrate by the kidney was also determined. In all cases, plasma calcium levels rose in response to the infusion and declined slowly after it had ended, returning to normal several hours later. Plasma phosphate and citrate also rose slightly, but more slowly than the plasma calcium, and remained elevated as long as plasma calcium was above normal. The increase in the calcium excretion rate was directly proportional to the plasma calcium during the period of hypercalcemia. From this linear relationship it was possible to estimate a tubular maximum (Tm) for reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules. The value obtained for calcium Tm in this series of 8 normal subjects was 4.97 ± 0.27 mg/min (range 3.60 – 5.80). In the one case of osteoporosis studied, the Tm appeared to be increased following correction of a hyperchloremic acidosis. The increased calcium excretion during hypercalcemia is a most important homeostatic factor in restoring the plasma level to normal. The rapidity of the exchange between the bone and the soft tissue calcium compartments appeared to be much greater in the cases of Paget's disease, as might be predicted from the high rate of bone blood flow characteristic of this disease. / Medicine, Faculty of / Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Department of / Graduate

The development of the kidney of the pink salmon was traced from the earliest stages to the year-old finger-ling. The development of the pronephros has been treated separately. The mesonephros develops from the intermediate cell mass of the twelfth to the thirty-ninth segments. Differentiation of the unsegmented intermediate cell mass closely follows segmentation of the somites. The vascular strand is established beneath the hypochord by migration of cells from the intermediate mesoderm of either side. A solid cylindrical duct rudiment forms as a fold of the dorsolateral aspect of the mass on either side. Mesonephrogenic material separates as a narrow bridge of cells passing from one duct to the other between the cardinal vein and the aorta. Primary mesonephrogenic rudiments appear as condensations of the bridge cells closest to the ducts. Tubule rudiments are formed by elongation of the condensations. The free end of each tubule rudiment dilates to form a thin walled Bowman capsule whose lumen later extends into the tubule rudiment and finally opens to the duct. A glomerulus develops in the Bowman capsule as a solid invagination of cells from the vascular strand. This mass of cells subsequently becomes vascularised. Differentiation of the tubule into regions follows the appearance of the glomerulus. Secondary and subsequent tubule generations are similarly formed but open into previously formed primary tubules. The intertubular spaces become filled with myeloid tissue richly supplied with blood sinuses. The myeloid tissue is derived from the vascular strand. Three pairs of corpuscles of Stannius appear early in development as outgrowths of the segmental duct epithelium. Smaller unpaired corpuscles appear later to make the total number twelve. The fully differentiated nephron has five regions:- 1. a Bowman capsule and glomerulus 2. a short neck segment which opens directly from the Bowman capsule 3. a segment characterised by its low columnar epithelium and high brush border 4. a segment with tall columnar cells and a low brush border 5. a segment of low simple columnar cells. Several nephrons enter a collecting tubule. At least three generations of tubules open to the segmental duct by way of a common collecting duct formed by modification of the primary collecting tubule. Involution of the pronephros commences at about the time the fry normally enter the water at the river mouth. Retention in fresh water does not appear to affect the time of onset of involution. The pronephric region becomes very richly permeated with blood sinuses and may serve as a blood storage organ in older fish. In the oldest specimens studied arterial blood is supplied by paired arterioles in the intersegmental septa. Venous blood from the tail passes directly into a large median vein which passes anteriad in the kidney tissue. This vein originates as the right postcardinal vein in the young embryo. The left postcardinal does not develop posterior to the pronephros. Portal blood from the dorsal and ventral musculature reaches the kidney by way of venules in the myosepta. In the posterior region two large median arteries (arteria primitiva mesenterica) pass through the kidney to the hind gut. In the pronephric region the large median coeliaco-mesenteric artery passes through the kidney to supply the viscera. Glomerular counts made on samples taken from fresh and salt water over a period of two months suggest that the increased osmotic concentration of the marine environment has the effect of retarding the rate of development of new glomeruli in a logarithmic relation to length. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

Conflicting viewpoints are evidenced in the literature regarding the adjustment of tuberculous patients. Many writers maintain that it is peculiar to the tuberculous, others that the same can be found in any chronically ill sample, still others that the adjustment of the tuberculous is no different from that manifested by individuals in the general population. This study attempts to clarify the above conflicting viewpoints by comparing a hospitalized sample with matched groups of chronically ill, general population, and arrested tuberculous. All previous studies reviewd by the writer in which a tuberculous sample was compared to a non-tuberculous group lacked either sufficient controls or adequate sampling. In this study, a hospitalized tuberculous sample of 100 cases was matched for age, sex, educational level and socio-economic status with 100 chronically ill, 100 non-tuberculous individuals from the general population, and 100 arrested tuberculous. The necessary information was derived from a Personal Data Sheet compiled by the writer. The hospitalized tuberculous, chronically ill and arrested tuberculous samples were drawn from the Vancouver General Hospital. A comparison of length of time in hospital for the hospitalized tuberculous and chronically ill was made. The Bernreuter Personality Inventory was employed, and its values and limitations were discussed. An abbreviated method of scoring was used that correlates highly with the original standardized method. The Personal Data sheets and Inventory were administered by two physicians in the case of the hospitalized tuberculous and arrested tuberculous. The head nurse of each ward administered them to the chronically ill sample. No means of identification were used in the study. Mean scores were computed for the experimental and three control groups of each of the size measures of the Inventory. A comparison between groups was made for each of the size measures and the significance of the differences determined. The comparison of the hospitalized tuberculous with the sample from the general population yielded a “highly significant” difference, for four of the measures and for the remaining two a “significant” difference, and the conclusion drawn was that the tuberculous sample was more maladjusted than the sample from the general population. “Highly significant” differences were obtained for four of the measures in the comparison between hospitalized tuberculous and hospitalized chronically ill samples. Again the hospitalized tuberculous sample was the more maladjusted. The differences found in the other two measures, namely of self-sufficiency and sociability were “not significant”, and it was suggested that scores on these two measures tend to be affected by the state of being hospitalized with its attendant difficulties. When hospitalized tuberculous sample was compared with the arrested tuberculous, “highly significant” differences were found for neurotic tendency, introversion-extroversion and confidence, and “probably significant” differences for dominance and sociability. The trend indicated that again the hospitalized tuberculous were the more maladjusted. With respect to self-sufficiency, there was no significant difference. The various clinical statuses pertaining to the arrested state of tuberculous impose certain limitations on the activity of the individuals, as a consequence, a lack of self-sufficiency might be expected. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

Bibliography: pages 284-306. / Risk factors for lead exposure among children in South Africa have not been well documented. This study elucidated important factors which co-vary with lead in increasing children's risk of exposure. Two study designs were used. First, a cross-sectional analytical study involving first grade school children was executed. Venous blood samples from children were analysed for lead using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In addition other haematological and anthropometric measurements were conducted. A pre-tested questionnaire administered to parents identified risk factors for lead exposure. Statistical analyses, including log-linear models, were used to determine the relationships between biological, environmental, social factors and blood lead. In an environmental study, daily air and dust samples were collected over a year from several sites in the study area, contemporaneously with the blood and questionnaire surveys. Spatial and temporal variations in atmospheric lead were determined. In stage two a case control study was carried out to determine whether risk factors for lead exposure differed among cases (blood lead ≥ 24 ug/dl) and controls (blood lead ≤ 14 ug/dl). Levels of lead in air, water, paint and dust samples from children's homes were determined and the state of housing evaluated. Home interviews were conducted with parents to assess the role of economic, demographic, cultural, and behavioural factors in increasing children's risk. 13% of coloured children, but no white children were identified with blood lead levels ≥ 25 ug/dl. Air lead levels ranged from< 0.5 ug/m³ to> 1.5 ug/m³ and dust lead levels from< 550 ppm to> 3 000 ppm. Environmental lead levels were significantly elevated near heavy traffic, particularly during winter months. Baseline exposure was of significance in influencing blood lead levels of children attending schools in direct proximity to heavy traffic, where blood lead levels were elevated. In cases, direct inhalation of aerosols, and ingestion of lead in water were not found to be important risk factors. Hand contamination and mouthing were associated with increased risk. Sources of elevated lead were found in the homes of both cases and controls, but were not accessible in the homes of controls. A conceptual framework for lead exposure in children is proposed, to illustrate how social and environmental factors may act to increase risk. The results have implications for primary and secondary prevention strategies aimed at the community.