The policies of the previous dispensation created racial disparities in South Africa and resulted in a need for transformation of public procurement systems to enable historically disadvantaged individuals (HDIs) to access government procurement opportunities. The Preferential Procurement Policy (PP Policy) was adopted to regulate preferential procurement in government in order to accelerate the award of procurement opportunities to companies that are owned by HDIs. The purpose of the research was to investigate the benefits of preferential procurement to HDIs in the light of the perception that the PP Policy is not achieving its objectives. The qualitative methodology was used to collect and analyse the data using the case study design. The research revealed that, although the results of implementing the policy are still below the expected outcomes due to stringent legislative requirements and corruption, many emerging HDI-owned enterprises benefit from preferential procurement opportunities. The study further contends that the achievement of the intended objectives of PP Policy can be improved by reviewing the model of implementation of the policy, improving awareness and accountability of the key stakeholders and providing unconditional support for SMMEs.

Cette thèse s'intéresse à la Responsabilité Sociale des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises en contexte particulier, à savoir leMaroc.Elle vise à explorer la relation entre la vision stratégique des dirigeants et la RSE dans les PME, ainsi que les raisons del'intégration stratégique des principes de responsabilité sociale dans lesdites structures à travers le concept de la visionstratégique. L'intérêt de mobiliser ce dernier se justifie par sa capacité à éclairer l'aspect implicite et peu formel quicaractérise les stratégies des PME, y compris la stratégie RSE.La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'élaboration du cadre conceptuel de la recherche, articulant lesfondements de la vision stratégique, des PME et de leur RSE et analysant l'apport du concept de la vision stratégiquepour appréhender la stratégie RSE des PME. La deuxième partie de la thèse aborde empiriquement la problématique denotre recherche. La relation étroite liant les PME à leurs contextes influence aussi bien leur perception que leurdémarche RSE. Avant d'entamer notre étude de cas, une démarche de contextualisation s'est donc avérée nécessaireadapter notre grille de lecture à la réalité marocaine. Notre étude qualitative exploratoire porte sur quatre cas de PMEmarocaines labellisées RSE. Elle met en évidence la relation entre RSE en PME et vision slratégique du dirigeant ainsique les facteurs qui construisent cette vision stratégique intégrant la RSE. Enfin, nous proposons une typologie de quatrevisions stratégiques de dirigeants de PME marocaines labellisées. / This thesis focuses on the Social Responsibility of Small and Medium Enterprises in a particular context, namely Morocco.It aims to explore the relationship between the strategic vision of CEOs and CSR in SMEs, and the reasons for thestrategic integration of the principles of social responsibility in these structures through the concept of strategic vision.The interest in mobilizing this concept is justified by its ability to shed light on the implicit and informal aspect thatcharacterizes SME strategies, including the CSR strategy.The first part of this thesis is devoted to the elaboration of the conceptual framework of research, articulating thefoundations of the strategic vision, SMEs and their CSR and analyzingthe contribution of the concept of the strategicvision to understand the CSR strategy in the SMEs. The second part of the thesis aproaches empirically the problematicof our research. The close relationship between SMEs and their contexts influences both their perception and their CSRapproach. Before starting our case study, a contextualization process was therefore necessary to adapt our literature to theMoroccan reality. Our qualitative exploratory study focuses on four cases of Moroccan SMEs labeléd CSR. It highlightsthe relationship between CSR in SMEs and the strategic vision of the executive and the factors that build this strategic visions integrating CSR. Finally, we propose a typology of four strategic visions of CEOs of Moroccan SMEs labeled.

Les travaux effectués au cours de cette thèse ont été réalisés dans le cadre du développement d'une plateforme d'irradiation protons dédiée aux études en radiobiologie (Radiograaff) à partir de l'accélérateur Van de Graaff 4 MV de l'Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon. Ceci, grâce à une collaboration étroite et interdisciplinaire entre les physiciens et ingénieurs de l'Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL) et des biologistes du Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (LRCM) du CHU de Lyon Sud. Afin de présenter le développement de la plateforme Radiograaff, ce manuscrit se découpera en trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre présente les fondements de l'hadronthérapie et le contexte scientifique du projet. Nous traiterons, dans une première partie, de l'interaction ions-matière vivante afin de mieux cerner les concepts théoriques associés à l'hadronthérapie. Et nous présenterons, dans un second temps, les intérêts scientifiques et les objectifs du projet Radiograaff. Le deuxième chapitre concernera les développements instrumentaux de la ligne d'irradiation. Après avoir discuté du mode de délivrance et d'extraction du faisceau ainsi que des méthodes de simulation que nous avons employées pour le dimensionnement théorique la ligne d'irradiation, nous présenterons le système de contrôle de la dosimétrie. Le chapitre 2 sera conclu par les résultats de l'évaluation et de la qualification de la plateforme. Enfin, dans le troisième chapitre, après une brève présentation de quelques aspects de biologie et de radiobiologie, nous présenterons les premiers résultats obtenus concernant l'efficacité biologique relative des protons délivrés par la plateforme Radiograaff. Nous discuterons des protocoles, des conditions expérimentales ainsi que des méthodes d'analyse des résultats / The work done in this thesis has been made in the development of a proton irradiation platform dedicated for radiobiological studies from the 4 MV Van de Graaff accelerator of the Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL). These developments have been made through a close interdisciplinary collaboration between physicists and engineers from IPNL and biologists from the Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (LRCM, CHU Lyon Sud). To present the development of Radiograaff platform, this manuscript will split into three chapters. The first chapter introduces the basics of hadrontherapy and the scientific context of the project. In the first part of this chapter, we present the interactions between ion and matter in order to better understand the theoretical concepts associated with the hadrons. Then, we present the scientific interests and objectives of the Radiograaff project. The second chapter concerns the instrumental developments of the beam line. After discussing the delivery mode and beam extraction in air and simulation methods that we used to design the theoretical line radiation, we present the dosimetric monitoring system. The chapter 2 is concluded by the results of the evaluation and qualification of the platform. Finally, in the third chapter, after a brief presentation of some aspects of biology and radiobiology, we present the first results on the relative biological effectiveness of protons delivered by the Radiograaff platform. We discuss the protocols, experimental conditions and methods for analysing results

Media usage, as well as media advertising, is growing in tandem with each other. Media users will, regardless of which medium that is in use, encounter a considerable amount of advertising. As we are moving towards a more digitized world, and also a more digitized media sphere, a new communication landscape has been formed. The digitalization has provided new ways to communicate and also new ways to advertise. Now there is not only possible to advertise through traditional offline media channels, such as radio and television, but also possible to advertise through online media, such as Facebook and Instagram. Personalized advertising is an advertising format which has evolved with the growth of online advertising and the ability to collect media users’ data online. Personalized advertisements are formed to comply with the media users’ preferences and have been proven to be effective and in some cases appreciated. Though, this form of advertisements has brought up concerns regarding the media users’ integrity online and previous research does, therefore, claim that personalized advertising is a paradox. Furthermore, a question that can be asked regarding advertising and the new communication landscape that has emerged is: what can be said about media users’ attitudes towards advertising online compared to advertising offline? The purpose of this study is to examine media users’ attitudes towards advertising online, compared to attitudes towards advertising offline, and further investigate whether the mediums themselves seem to have an impact on the receiver’s attitudes towards advertising. The study’s three research questions compose the structure which is followed throughout the study. Furthermore, to answer the research questions, a survey has been implemented. The survey intended to investigate media users’ attitudes towards advertisements online and offline. The theories the study is based on are Marshall McLuhan’s theory The Medium is the Message, The advertising value model by Ducoffe and Personalization. Based on the study’s theory and theoretical framework, the result was analyzed and discussed. The result of the study shows that media users’ attitudes towards advertising are overall rather similar, regardless of age, gender and political position. Further, a pattern that shows connections between media users’ self-reported awareness, their consent of data collection and their appreciation of personalized advertising online was found. The study further examines differences between attitudes towards different mediums, however, we can conclude that the mediums themselves have been proven to not be determinant in media users’ attitudes towards advertising - the experiences of advertising are rather negative regardless of where the media user encounters them. This study contributes with information and insight regarding media users’ attitudes towards advertising in different mediums, further, how media users stand regarding online privacy and concession with data collection in relation to their attitudes towards personalized advertising.

A participação das empresas brasileiras no comércio internacional vem aumentando nos últimos anos. Neste contexto, pesquisas foram conduzidas visando detectar as dificuldades associadas à atividade exportadora, e a literatura sugere a necessidade de informação para uma atuação bem sucedida no cenário internacional. Esta pesquisa objetiva identificar as informações, utilizadas por empresas exportadoras em sua atividade exportadora, levantadas a partir da revisão bibliográfica. Para tal, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa de campo com empresas exportadoras da região de Ribeirão Preto. Os resultados mostraram que as empresas utilizam pouco as informações gerais do ambiente de negócios internacionais e com mais freqüência as informações do mercado alvo, ligadas a oferta/demanda do produto. Quanto às fontes de informação, observou-se que grande parte é obtida do próprio cliente. Também foi possível observar que as empresas com maior volume de exportação tendem a desenvolver mais o processo de utilização de informação para a geração de novos negócios, atuam em mercados mais exigentes, diversificam sua forma de atuação e buscam constantemente novos mercados. / The Brazilian companies´ international commerce participation has been increasing in recent years. Within this context, research were carried with objective of identify the difficulties associated to exporting activities, as well the companies which recognize information as a need to a successful international market actuation. This research focused the information used by exporting companies in their export activities, raised from the bibliographic revision. In order to do so, a field survey was developed with Ribeirão Preto Region´s exporting companies. The results showed that the companies use little general international business environment information and, with higher frequency, the target market information, linked to product´s offer/demand. Regarding to information source, was observed that most of it was obtained directly with customer. It was also possible to observe that companies with higher volume of exporting tend to develop better information system in order to generate new business, act in more demanding markets, diversify its form of performance and search new markets constantly.

O objetivo principal dessa dissertação consiste em analisar o processo de estruturação intra-urbana de Passo Fundo, à luz das dinâmicas socioeconômicas que a caracterizam como cidade média que desempenha funções de centro regional e de apoio ao agronegócio. Para tanto, assumindo a sobreposição de escalas analíticas como uma premissa de método, organizamos a pesquisa em duas partes. Na primeira, a partir de referencial teórico pautado em estudos da Rede de Pesquisadores sobre Cidades Médias (RECIME) e nas teorias de Milton Santos, buscamos analisar as relações horizontais que a cidade estabelece com a região, sobretudo através da oferta de comércio, saúde e educação superior; num outro nível de análise abordamos as relações verticais que se estruturam em rede, extrapolam a região e inserem Passo Fundo em circuitos econômicos globalizados relativos à produção de alimentos, como cidade de apoio ao agronegócio. Na segunda parte do trabalho, a partir dos estudos de Flávio Villaça sobre a formação do espaço intra-urbano brasileiro, analisamos a estrutura intra-urbana de Passo Fundo a partir de seus elementos principais (o centro, as áreas industriais e as áreas residenciais segundo as classes sociais) enfatizando suas localizações e a maneira como se articulam, assim como a atuação dos diferentes grupos sociais enquanto agentes produtores-consumidores do espaço intra- urbano. Em linhas gerais, observamos que as dinâmicas socioeconômicas regionais definiram o ritmo da urbanização de Passo Fundo que se intensifica na segunda metade do século XX, em função da reestruturação produtiva da agricultura e da consolidação da cidade como centro regional. Estruturada ao longo de caminhos regionais como local de passagem, a cidade passa a crescer em ritmo mais intenso após 1950, como destino principal das migrações do campo e de outras cidades do entorno. O incremento populacional gera novas demandas urbanas e evidencia a produção de uma periferia carente, em paralelo à concentração de investimentos públicos na área central, consolidada como local de moradia das classes de alta renda e objeto de valorização fundiária e imobiliária. Caracteriza-se assim um típico modelo de segregação centro-periferia, condicionado aos interesses de mercado e legitimado pelo Estado. Atualmente, o dinamismo econômico expresso pelo crescimento do setor terciário e pela industrialização da economia se manifesta na cidade a partir da inserção de novos vetores de expansão urbana, expressos pela implantação de um grande loteamento de uso misto de média e alta renda assim como de condomínios de luxo na periferia. Ressaltamos que embora se manifestem em diferentes intensidades e complexidades, os processos em Passo Fundo têm a mesma natureza daqueles observados em outras cidades médias e também nas metrópoles, uma vez que se inserem na mesma estrutura social e resultam, em última análise, da produção capitalista da cidade, legitimada pelo Estado e comandada pelas classes dominantes. / This dissertation main goal is to analyze the intra-urban structuring process of Passo Fundo, focusing on the socioeconomic dynamics that qualify the city as a medium-size one, owner of functions such as regional center or supportive local for agricultural business. For such an aim, we intend to assume an overlap of analytical scales as a premiss for methodology, which has led the organization of our research to divide itself into two parts. In the first one, based on theoric references that come from the studies of the Medium-Size Cities Researchers Web (Rede de Pesquisadores sobre Cidades Médias - RECIME) and also from Milton Santos ideas, we examined the horizontal relations between the city and its region, mainly the relations that concern to commercial and health services and also university education; in another analytic level, we observed the vertical relations, web structured, which go beyond the regional territory and place Passo Fundo in economic and globalized circuits related to food production (thanks to its already mentioned support to agricultural business). In the second part of this dissertation, taking Flávio Villaça\'s studies about the formation of Brazilian intra-urban space as a ground, we commented the same theme related to Passo Fundo: the main elements of the city were priorized (the center, its industrial and residential areas - and its separation in social classes) in an investigation that emphasized the location and the way these elements articulate themselves in the city; as well as the actions of social groups, in the aspects of production and consumism of goods in the intra-urban space. Briefly, we observed the socioeconomic dinamics (located in a regional sphere) as definers to the urbanization rhythm in Passo Fundo - which has intensified itself in the second part of the XXth century, due to productive restructuration on agriculture and the consolidation of the city as a regional center. Passo Fundo was structured along regional roads and definied as a city for transition, it starts to grow faster after 1950, and it becomes the main destiny for migrants from the country and satellite cities around. Such a growth on population generates new urban demands and produces a notable needy periphery, parallelly to the concentration of public investments in the central area - which has consolidated itself as a residential place for the higher society, and also as a goal for land and housing speculation. By theses means, a typic segregational model (the center-periphery one) is characterized, and it shows itself as conditioned to market interests which are state-legitimated. Currently, the economic dynamism expressed in the third and second sector manifests itself in the city through the insertion of new vectors in the urban expansion, which show themselves in the implantation of a great allotment willing to mix use (for high and middle classes), as well as luxurious condominiums in the periphery. Although these processes manifest with different intensities and complexities, we highlight them in Passo Fundo as sharing the same nature of the ones observed in medium-size and metropolitan cities, as they are inserted in the same social structure and are product, ultimately, of the capitalist development of the city, owned by the high classes and state-legitimated.

Nos últimos anos, a adoção de TI nas empresas tem se caracterizado pelo crescente uso dos sistemas integrados de gestão, particularmente dos sistemas ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning). Devido à sua natureza integrada e abrangente, esta ferramenta traz grande potencial de crescimento às empresas que o utilizam, através da melhoria de seus processos de negócio. As pequenas e médias empresas formam um mercado atrativo para os fornecedores de tais sistemas, dado que a oferta de ERP para empresas desse porte ainda é pequena; por outro lado, a necessidade das pequenas e médias empresas por uma solução de TI que a ajude a crescer faz com que a demanda por sistemas ERP seja crescente. O presente estudo buscou entender como atua o fornecedor de sistema ERP na transformação dos processos de negócio da pequena e média empresa. Este entendimento foi viabilizado através de um estudo de caso realizado em uma empresa de médio porte do ramo de fundição. No caso estudado, o sistema ERP implantado era adequado às necessidades da empresa e sua implantação acabou por ocorrer de forma bem-sucedida, porém houve atraso e gastos maiores que os esperados. Isto ocorreu porque a empresa que implantou o ERP ainda não havia realizado implantações em empresas de menor porte, e provavelmente supôs que poderia realizar a implantação na empresa estudada como se esta fosse de grande porte. Concluiu-se que o fornecedor do sistema ERP tem papel decisivo no sucesso da implantação desses sistemas em pequenas e médias empresas, fazendo com que a empresa onde o sistema foi implantado efetue saltos qualitativos nos níveis de maturidade de seus processos de negócio e de gestão. Porém, os fornecedores precisam levar em consideração as diferenças de maturidade entre as empresas de pequeno e médio porte e as de maior porte, para as quais o ERP era normalmente ofertado; as empresas de menor porte têm processos mais simples, possuem orçamentos de TI menores e seus funcionários têm menos intimidade com ferramentas de TI e de técnicas gerenciais mais profissionais que os funcionários de empresas de grande porte. Para obter benefícios dos sistemas ERP implantados, é necessário que essas características sejam consideradas num efetivo esforço do fornecedor do sistema ERP para transformar os processos de negócio e a gestão da pequena e média empresa, de forma a possibilitar um crescimento sustentado através do uso pleno de seus recursos. / In past years the adoption of IT in companies has been marked by the growth in integrated management systems, in particular ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems. Because of its integrated nature this tool has given enormous potential for growth in companies that use it and improvements in business negotiation. Small to medium business have been enticed by suppliers of such systems, given that an offer of ERP to companies of this size remains small, on the other hand, the necessities of these small and medium sized companies for an IT solution that will assist in their growth makes that the demand for such a system as ERP is on the increase. The present study brought understanding as to how the supplier of the ERP system can transform the business process in the small and medium company. This understanding was made possible through the study of a company in foundries market. In this study, the ERP system installed was adequate to the needs of the company and its implementation was well received. However there was delay and expenses were more than expected. The reason for this was that the company supplying the ERP system had not previously dealt with a company of the size and treated the company as if it were of a larger size. We conclude that the supplier of the ERP system plays a decisive role in the success and implementing of these systems in small to medium companies, meaning that they have an affect on the growth and maturity of the companies? powers of negotiation in business. However, the suppliers need to take into consideration the differences in growth and maturity between companies of small to medium size and larger companies where ERP is normally found. Small to medium sized companies have a simpler running system, their IT budgets are smaller, and their employees have less contact with IT and managerial tools than the employees in larger companies. To obtain the most benefit, it is necessary that these points be taken into consideration in a real way by the ERP supplier to make able the changes necessary in the small to medium company enabling real and sustainable growth through full use of ERP resources.

Comparamos duas nuvens moleculares, Rosette (RMC) e Monoceros R2 (Mon R2), localizadas no Complexo de Monoceros com o objetivo de estudar suas condições físicas relacionadas às primeiras fases da formação estelar. Tratam-se de regiões interessantes por apresentarem características que podem ser confrontadas com a hipótese de formação estelar provocada pela passagem de nuvens de altas velocidades atravessando o plano Galáctico (HVCs). Avaliamos as propriedades dessas nuvens por meio de mapas de vários traçadores da formação estelar com base em diferentes bandas espectrais visando estudar a estrutura de densidade das nuvens, bem como os objetos estelares jovens, em particular as fontes masers de H2O que apresentam características típicas de protoestrelas massivas. Nossa análise permitiu verificar algumas semelhanças entre RMC e Mon R2, mas também nos revelou diferenças interessantes. De uma forma geral há concordância entre AV, CO e emissão de poeira em 100 microns; RMC possui muitos clumps, entretanto poucos aglomerados e nebulosidades exceto uma única região HII principal (NGC2244) enquanto Mon R2 apresenta poucos clumps, vários aglomerados jovens e pequenas nebulosidades; em RMC há mais estrelas massivas, distribuídas uniformemente; Mon R2 tem poucas estrelas B, distribuídas em estruturas filamentárias com maiores índices de AV, do que em RMC; as fontes emissão maser apresentam cores IRAS compatíveis com candidatas a protoestrelas massivas, mas não parecem estar associadas a fontes de raios-X, sugerindo que masers estão relacionados à fase protoestelar, ao passo que fontes-X representam fase Pré-Sequência Principal. Concluímos que a distribuição de objetos e a estrutura das nuvens estão de acordo com as simulações dos modelos de HVCs. Porém, nossos resultados também são compatíveis com modelos alternativos, que simulam a dinâmica da Galáxia, para explicar o cenário de formação estelar no Complexo de Monoceros. / We compare two molecular clouds of the Monoceros Complex in order to study their physical conditions related to the early stages of star formation. The selected clouds, Rosette (RMC) and Monoceros R2 (Mon R2), are interesting regions due to their characteristics that may be confronted with the hypothesis of star formation triggered by high velocity clouds (HVCs) crossing through the Galactic plane. We evaluate the properties of these clouds using maps obtained on the basis of dierent spectral bands to trace the density of the clouds and the young stellar objects, in particular H2O masers that show typical features of massive protostars. This analysis allowed us to verify some similarities between RMC and Mon R2, but also revealed interesting dierences. In a general way there is an agreement between Av, CO and dust emission at 100 microns; RMC has many clumps, a few clusters and a single main nebulosity that is an HII region around NGC2244, while Mon R2 has a few clumps, several young clusters and small nebulosities. In RMC there is a large number of massive stars, uniformly distributed, while Mon R2 has a few B stars, distributed in lamentary structures with levels of Av higher than in RMC; maser sources have IRAS colors compatible with massive protostars candidates, but do not seem to be associated with X-ray sources, suggesting that masers are more related to the protostellar phase, while X-ray sources are related to pre main sequence phase. We conclude that the distribution of objects and the structure of the clouds are in accordance with the simulations of HVC models. However, our results are also compatible with alternative models of the Galaxy dynamics that explain the scenario of star formation in the Monoceros Complex.

Introdução: Os modelos de gerência centralizados e descentralizados utilizados pela administração pública no Brasil é tema bastante discutido em razão da busca por um atendimento de qualidade prestado à sociedade, não sendo diferente na área da saúde. Nesse sentido o Estado do Acre fez a opção de implementar um modelo de gerência de unidades de saúde que pudesse efetivar a descentralização das unidades de saúde estaduais e estabelecer a participação da comunidade. Objetivos: Analisar o modelo de gerência de unidades de saúde de média e alta complexidade, implementada pelo Estado do Acre, por meio da Lei de Gestão Democrática do Sistema Público de Saúde do Estado do Acre (Lei n.1912/07) e da Lei de Autonomia Financeira das Unidades de Saúde Estaduais (Lei n.1.910/07), no período de 2007 a 2011. Métodos: A pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e descritiva foi realizada no período de 2013 a 2016, utilizando como técnica de coleta de dados secundários a análise de documentos, e de dados primários as entrevistas individuais com informantes-chave. Trata-se de um estudo de caso cuja análise buscou compreender o modelo adotado pelo Estado do Acre. Resultados: A partir do modelo de gerência implementado pelo Estado do Acre, as unidades de saúde sob a gestão estadual passaram a ser geridas por um Conselho Gestor, constituído por gestores, profissionais de saúde e usuários de saúde. O modelo proporciona a descentralização da gerência das unidades de saúde com autonomia para o conselho gestor planejar e executar os recursos financeiros cujo repasse se efetiva com o termo de compromisso. O modelo implementado com a participação da comunidade no conselho gestor executivo apresenta aspectos inovadores e controversos, e sua legalidade fora questionada pelo Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Acre. No entanto, analisando as normas que permitiram a implementação do modelo, verifica-se o cumprimento das normas do Sistema Único de Saúde. Considerações finais: O modelo implementado pelo Estado mostrou ser uma alternativa de gerência de unidades de saúde descentralizado e participativo de modo a incentivar a organização e realização dos conselhos gestores / Introduction: The centralized and decentralized management models used by public administration in Brazil is a topic that is much discussed because of the quest for quality care provided to society, and is not different in the health area. In this sense, the State of Acre made the option of implementing a model of health unit management that could effect the decentralization of state health units and establish community participation. Objectives: To analyze the model of management of health units implemented by the State of Acre through the Law of Democratic Management of the Public Health System of the State of Acre (Law n.1912 / 07) and the Financial Autonomy Law of the Units of State Health (Law n.1.910 / 07) in the period from 2007 to 2011. Methods: The qualitative and descriptive research was carried out in the period from 2013 to 2016, using as secondary data collection technique the analysis of documents and data Primary interviews with key informants. It is a case study whose analysis sought to understand the model adopted by the State of Acre. Results: Based on the management model implemented by the State of Acre, health units under state management were managed by a Management Council, made up of managers, health professionals and health users. The model provides the decentralization of health unit management with autonomy for the managing board to plan and execute the financial resources whose transfer is effective with the term of commitment. The model implemented with the participation of the community in the executive management council presents innovative and controversial aspects and its legality was questioned by the Court of Accounts of the State of Acre. Final considerations: The model implemented by the State has shown to be an alternative for the management of decentralized and participatory health units in order to encourage the implementation of the model. Organization and implementation of management councils

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo da oralidade e da escrita no que tange à retextualização do oral para o escrito e vice-versa. Para tanto, serão postos em cotejo alguns materiais produzidos pelo Conselho de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (ConsEPE) da Universidade Federal do ABC. Trata-se de um corpus constituído de três partes: uma relatoria escrita, que é um parecer avaliativo; a transcrição do áudio da apresentação oral dessa relatoria em uma sessão do ConsEPE; e o trecho da ata correspondente a essa apresentação. A escolha do referido material deu-se em função de ele oferecer a possibilidade de análise de aspectos da fala e da escrita. Uma das hipóteses que norteia esta pesquisa é que a transposição/retextualização de modalidades coincidentes conservam características semelhantes, ao passo que modalidades diferentes apresentam modificações de aspectos, ainda que, em ambos os casos, se mantenha a essência do conteúdo caso do corpus em análise. Além disso, averiguou-se, apoiando-se na teoria do continuum, de Peter Koch e Wulf Oesterreicher, difundida no Brasil por Luiz Antônio Marcuschi e Hudinilson Urbano, a existência de um gradiente entre os polos da fala e da escrita (ou imediatez e distância). A conclusão a que se chegou foi a de que aspectos da fala e da escrita entrecruzam-se em maior ou menor escala, dependendo do que se pretende produzir, tendo em vista o efeito, o resultado e o objetivo que se quer alcançar com dada comunicação. Somem-se a isso as questões acerca dos processos pelos quais um discurso sofre quando é retextualizado. Atingidos esses objetivos e resultados, pretende-se que esta dissertação contribua de maneira prática para o estudo da relação fala e escrita. / This research aims at addressing the study of orality and literateness, when it comes to the retextualization of spoken to written language and vice-versa. To that end, some of the materials produced by ConsEPE - Conselho de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (Teaching, Research and Outreach Council) of Universidade Federal do ABC (Federal University of ABC) will be collated. The corpus is made up of three parts: a written rapporteurship, which consists in an evaluative assessment of a document or subject; a transcript of the audio recordings of its presentation in a ConsEPE session; and the excerpt of the minute of the session, corresponding to that presentation. The chosen materials were selected because they allow an analysis of aspects of both speech and writing. One of the hypotheses which direct this research is that the transposition/retextualization of coinciding modalities preserve similar characteristics, whereas different modalities demonstrate different aspects, even though, in both cases, the essence of the content is maintained, as with the corpus in analysis. Additionally, it has been found, with the support of Peter Koch and Wulf Oesterreichers continuum theory, which was disseminated in Brazil by Luiz Antônio Marcuschi and Hudinilson Urbano, that there is a gradient between the poles of speech and writing (or immediacy and distance). It became apparent that aspects of speech and writing intertwine to a greater or lesser gradient, depending on what one intends to produce, as to the objective, effect and result expected from a given communication. In addition, there are the matters of the processes by which a discourse undergoes when it is retextualized. Having these objectives and outcomes been achieved, it is expected that this dissertation will add to the study of the relationships between speech and writing in a practical way.