This study aims to investigate whether incidental methods are used in learning English vocabulary by non-English students at college in China, and in teaching English vocabulary by their oral English teachers. It also finds out what kinds of incidental strategies are used. Then based on the results of the investigation, this study puts forward some pedagogical implications for teachers.

A radiografia panorâmica é o exame complementar de imagem mais solicitado pelos cirurgiões-dentistas e parte essencial da documentação utilizada pelos ortodontistas no planejamento do tratamento ortodôntico. Durante a transição da dentadura mista para a permanente, o processo biológico é complexo, podendo ocorrer falhas ou irregularidades odontogênicas, que resultam em anomalias dentárias. Entretanto, outras alterações podem ser vistas nas imagens radiográficas panorâmicas, que modificam densidade óssea e alteram o trabeculado ósseo no período entre o início e o término do tratamento ortodôntico. Algumas destas alterações podem interferir ou modificar o diagnóstico durante o tratamento ortodôntico. O número de imagens radiográficas obtidas durante o tratamento ortodôntico depende do protocolo estabelecido caso a caso. Neste estudo interpretamos 500 imagens panorâmicas, sendo 250 pré-tratamento ortodôntico e 250 pós-tratamento ortodôntico, de pacientes com idade de 11 a 18 anos, pertencentes ao Departamento de Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru FOB USP. A interpretação radiográfica foi realizada por um único examinador. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar imagens que foram obtidas no início e no final do tratamento ortodôntico e os resultados nos permitiram concluir que no grupo referente à transição da dentadura mista para a dentição permanente, as imagens panorâmicas possuíram o maior número de achados incidentais; a remodelação apical ortodôntica dos incisivos foi encontrada em 180 casos pós-tratamento ortodôntico; houve diferença estatisticamente significante (Teste de Wilcoxon; p<0,05) nos resultados da ossificação do complexo estilo-hióideo bilateral e realização de tratamento endodôntico pré e pós-tratamento ortodôntico; e, muitos dos achados necessitam de intervenção durante o tratamento. / Panoramic radiograph is the most requested imaging exam by dentists and it plays essential role in documentation for orthodontic treatment planning. During the transition from mixed dentition to permanent dentition, the biological process is complex and may experience odontogenic failures or irregularities that result in dental abnormalities. However, other changes can be seen in the panoramic radiography that modify bone density and trabecular bone when it is compared before and after orthodontic treatment. Some of these changes may affect and modify the diagnosis during orthodontic treatment. The number of radiographic images obtained in orthodontic treatment depends on the protocol established for each case. In this study we interpret 500 panoramic radiograph, of patients with age of 11 to 18, belonging to the Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School. The radiographic interpretation was performed by a single examiner. Our objective was to evaluate images that were taken at the beginning and end of orthodontic treatment and the results allowed us to conclude that the most incidental findings were observed in panoramic images in the group concerning the transition from mixed dentition to permanent dentition; apical root resorption of the incisors was found in 180 orthodontic post-treatment cases; there was a statistically significant difference (Wilcoxon Test; p<0.05) between the results of ossification of complex bilateral stylohyoid and endodontic treatment before and after orthodontic treatment; and many of the findings require intervention during treatment.

Submitted by Pedro Barros (pedro.silvabarros@ufpe.br) on 2018-07-20T21:35:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Natalia Priscila Alves Bezerra.pdf: 2578466 bytes, checksum: 1781ce6f333d00fe8140aaf1fbe04bb9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-07-23T17:18:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Natalia Priscila Alves Bezerra.pdf: 2578466 bytes, checksum: 1781ce6f333d00fe8140aaf1fbe04bb9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T17:18:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Natalia Priscila Alves Bezerra.pdf: 2578466 bytes, checksum: 1781ce6f333d00fe8140aaf1fbe04bb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / O objetivo principal da presente tese consistiu em gerar informações a respeito das espécies de tubarões martelo do gênero Sphyrna, no que concernem as distribuições espaço-temporais de suas capturas, no uso de hábitats preferenciais e na capturabilidade dessas espécies no entorno dos montes submarinos no oceano Atlântico Sul e Equatorial. A fim de obter dados sobre as distribuições espaço-temporais das capturas do Sphyrna lewini, Sphyrna zygaena e Sphyrna mokarran para os anos de 2004 a 2011, foram avaliados 29.418 lançamentos oriundos da frota atuneira estrangeira e nacional que opera com espinhel pelágico no Atlântico Sudoeste e Equatorial. Nesse período, 6.172 tubarões martelo foram capturados, correspondendo a 0,4% do total das capturas da frota atuneira. A captura por unidade de esforço (CPUE) nominal calculada por trimestres apresentou uma tendência de maiores valores próximos as regiões equatorial e sul do Brasil. A média da CPUE nominal foi de 0,12 tubarões/1.000 anzóis. As observações sobre o uso do habitat foram concebidas através da implantação de sete marcas eletrônicas via satélite nos tubarões martelo (S. lewini) no entorno do arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo (ASPSP). Com as informações dos locais de soltura das marcas e as geolocalizações fornecidas, foi possível inferir que os tubarões monitorados permaneceram nas circunvizinhanças do ASPSP, sugerindo fidelidade ao local. O padrão diário de movimentação vertical dos tubarões indicou a preferência por águas mais aquecidas, superiores a 25° C, e por profundidades de até 150 m. Contudo, a espécie realizou incursões frequentes a maiores profundidades, e ainda todos os mergulhos realizados nas zonas abaixo dos 500 m foram registrados exclusivamente durante o período noturno. A máxima profundidade atingida foi de 728 m, onde a temperatura mínima registrada foi igual a 5,6° C. Assim, os padrões de movimentação vertical indicaram que a espécie frequenta uma grande amplitude de profundidade e temperatura na coluna d’água, entre as zonas epipelágicas e mesopelágicas. Durante os experimentos para a marcação dos tubarões, uma fêmea da espécie S. zygaena foi capturada no ASPSP, o que caracterizou uma nova ocorrência para a região e também ampliou a área de extensão para a espécie. Para avaliar a relação entre as capturas dos tubarões martelo e os montes submarinos com o uso de espinhel, foram mensuradas as distâncias dos pontos de capturas e esforços até os montes submarinos mais próximos para o período de 1981 a 2011 no oceano Atlântico Sul e Equatorial. Os tubarões martelo totalizaram 59.556 das capturas para toda a área analisada, com 9.519 indivíduos (16%) capturados em distâncias de até 40 km dos montes submarinos. Devido às espécies de tubarões martelo apresentarem indícios de agregações nos montes submarinos, foi calculada a CPUE nominal e padronizada para as distâncias de 0 a 40 km dos montes submarinos, com maior índice registrado a 10 km dessas formações, onde a CPUE nominal foi de 0,90 tubarões/1.000 anzóis. A medida que as capturas se afastaram dos montes submarinos, o valor da CPUE calculada decresceu, sugerindo que essas formações representam áreas de prováveis agregações para os tubarões martelo. / The aim of this thesis was to gather information about the species of hammerhead sharks of the genus Sphyrna focus focused on the spatial-temporal distributions of catches, habitat preferences and catchability of these species around seamounts in the South and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean. In order to obtain the spatial and temporal data of the Sphyrna lewini, Sphyrna zygaena e Sphyrna mokarran catches from 2004 to 2011 were analyzed 29,418 longline sets of foreign and national tuna longline vessels chartered in the Southwest and Equatorial Atlantic. In this period, 6,172 hammerhead sharks were caught representing 0.40% of catches. The spatial distribution of the mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) by quarters showed a trend of higher catches near the equatorial region and in southern Brazil. The CPUE mean was 0.12 sharks/1,000 hooks. Observations about habitat use were designed through the deployment of seven satellite electronic tags in the hammerhead shark (S. lewini) around of the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (SPSPA). According to the release points and geolocations data hammerhead sharks stayed around SPSPA, suggesting local fidelity. The daily pattern of vertical movement of sharks indicates a preference for shallow waters higher than 25° C and for depths up to 150 m. However, the specimens made frequent dives at greater depths with all dives performed below 500 m depth during the night time period exclusively. The deepest diving recorded for 728 m where the minimum temperature was 5.6° C. Scalloped hammerhead sharks covered a wide extension of the water column ranging from the mixing layer to the mesopelagic zone. During the tagging experiments in SPSPA a female of the Sphyrna zygaena species was captured. This is the first confirmed occurrence of a smooth hammerhead shark in SPSPA that expanded the geographic range extension for the species. In order to evaluate the relationship between longline catches of hammerhead sharks and seamounts, the catch and effort distances to nearest seamounts were measured. From 1981 to 2011 in the South Atlantic Ocean and Equatorial 59,556 hammerhead sharks were captured in the total area with 9,519 (16 %) at a distance up to 40 km of the nearest seamount. Due to hammerhead shark species show signs of aggregation in seamounts, nominal and standardized CPUE were calculated for the 0-40 km distances of seamounts. The highest CPUE value (0.90 sharks/1,000 hooks) was calculated at 10 km from the seamount. As catches moved away from seamounts, the value of CPUE decreased, suggesting that formations probably like seamount aggregation for hammerhead sharks.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-12T17:34:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 robsonhenriquedecarvalho.pdf: 3308952 bytes, checksum: 15b338c6950df1516539e069a54dbee2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-26T12:21:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 robsonhenriquedecarvalho.pdf: 3308952 bytes, checksum: 15b338c6950df1516539e069a54dbee2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T12:21:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 robsonhenriquedecarvalho.pdf: 3308952 bytes, checksum: 15b338c6950df1516539e069a54dbee2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A costa brasileira é área prioritária para conservação das tartarugas marinhas, pois cinco das setes espécies de tartarugas existentes no mundo podem ser encontradas no Brasil, estando todas ameaçadas de extinção. As ameaças para esses animais incluem: Ocupação da costa, poluição, doenças e principalmente capturas incidentais em artefatos de pesca. Resgatar a sabedoria popular de pescadores e o conhecimento local é essencial para a conservação desses quelônios. O Objetivo desse trabalho foi apresentar e comparar o conhecimento de pescadores sobre tartarugas de três cidades do sul do Espírito Santo. O estudo foi realizado nas cidades de Anchieta, Piúma e Guarapari, ES, Brasil. As informações relacionadas ao conhecimento local e interação entre as pessoas e tartarugas marinhas foram coletadas através de entrevistas utilizando questionário semiestruturado. Foram entrevistados 44 pescadores e 7 marisqueiras, sendo 19 pescadores em Piúma, 5 pescadores e 7 marisqueiras em Guarapari e 20 pescadores em Anchieta. A tartaruga-de-couro é mais conhecida em Piúma e a verde a mais conhecida em Anchieta e Guarapari. As características que permitem diferenciar os animais são formas do casco e cor e os animais são conhecidos por vários nomes populares. Em Piúma e Anchieta foram citadas altas taxas de captura em rede e consumo de carne de tartaruga. As atitudes em relação as tartarugas marinhas e o conhecimento sobre a reprodução desses animais são diferentes em cada cidade devido a fatores como: Cidade que reside e arte de pesca. Os resultados desse estudo indicam que a conservação de quelônios marinhos requer conhecimento das práticas diárias de comunidades locais e as peculiaridades envolvidas na relação entre os pescadores e as tartarugas marinhas, além do levantamento dos impactos causados pelas práticas diárias. / The Brazilian coast is a priority for conservation of sea turtles, because five of the seven species in the world and they can be found in Brazil and all of them are endangered. The threats to this animal include: Occupancy of the coast, pollution, disease and mostly incidental catches in fishing artifacts. Rescue the folk wisdom of fishermen and local knowledge is essential to the conservation of these turtles. The aim of this present study was to show and compare the knowledge of fishermen on turtles from three cities in southern of Espírito Santo. The study was conducted in the cities of Anchieta, Piuma and Guarapari, ES, Brazil. The information related to local knowledge and interaction between people and sea turtles were collected through interviews using a semistructured questionnaire. Forty-four fishermen and seven seafood were interviewed, where nineteen were fishermen on Piuma, five fishermen and seven seafood in Guarapari and twenty fishermen in Anchieta. The leatherback turtle is best known in Piúma and the Green one is best known in Anchieta and Guarapari. The characteristics to differentiate these animals are shell shape and color and they are known by several common names. In Piuma and Anchieta were cited high rates of capture on fishing net and consumption of turtle meat. Attitudes and knowledge about reproduction is different in each city due to factors such as location and fishing gear. The results of this study indicate that the conservation of marine turtles requires knowledge of the practices of local communities and the peculiarities involved in the relationship between fishermen and turtles, and a survey of impacts caused by everyday practices.

The theme of this diploma thesis is the Incidental disputes arising from the proceedings for the enforcement of judgments (execution). This topic is very actual because of the increasing number of execution proceedings. The aim of this thesis was to present the category of incidental disputes in general and further present the incidental disputes that may arise in execution proceedings complexly, outline their position in legal code, and describe their purpose, nature and features that are typical for them. Apart the introduction and conclusion the thesis contains eight chapters in total. The first chapter deals with the category of incidental disputes in general and their classification, wherefore is further divided into three subchapters, where is generally dealt with the concept of incidental dispute, further subchapter is focus on the proceedings for the enforcement of judgments and execution proceedings including the brief outline of their historical progress. The end of the first chapter is related to the general and specific principles, on which the execution proceedings is built. The second chapter is dedicated to the incidental disputes in execution proceedings, or rather executional disputes and their classification from various points of view, especially the classification into disputes...

Master of Music / Department of Music / Frank C. Tracz / The following report is research and analysis from the comprehensive examination question based on the Graduate Conducting Recital of Andrew D. Feyes. The recital, performed by the Kansas State University Symphony Band, was given in McCain Auditorium on the campus of Kansas State University on March 13, 2007 at 7:30pm. The repertoire included Fanfare for La Peri, by Paul Dukas, Concerto for 23 Winds, by Walter S. Hartley, and Incidental Suite, by Claude T. Smith. This examination contains thorough theoretical and historical analyses of the included literature. The report also includes the procedures of planning and performing the graduate conducting recital.

La présente recherche porte sur l'analyse des voies de recours disponibles au niveau constitutionnel italien et français, en accordant une attention particulière à la voie incidente, élément commun aux deux pays ayant cependant des particularités constitutionnelles spécifiques dans chacun des ordre juridiques. Si, en droit italien, le contrôle incident constitue une voie de recours classique permettant une action au fond, il représente une nouveauté en droit français. Introduit en 2008, il se décline selon des règles procédurales diverses de celles présentes dans l'ordre constitutionnel italien. Pourquoi donc chercher à associer deux formes d'accès à la justice constitutionnelle? Si nous ouvrons le sujet, notons tout d'abord que ladite voie de recours représente un élément essentiel, primaire, du contrôle de constitutionnalité, à propos duquel la science juridique s'est beaucoup interrogée. En outre, un certain nombre d'arrêts récents en lien avec les voies de recours à la justice constitutionnelle, tant italienne que française, illustrent les nouvelles réflexions se faisant jour quant au potentiel et à la critique de la procédure par voie d'exception, soulignant à la fois les similarité des voies de recours des deux systèmes. Enfin, il est intéressant de s'interroger sur la possibilité de transmettre un modèle ou une règle même d'offrir des solutions efficaces, remédiant ainsi aux problèmes déjà rencontrés par l'un ou l'autre des systèmes juridiques. / The research focuses on the analysis of the access to the Italian and the French constitutional jurisdiction, with particular regard to the incidental model which is a communal and distinctive feature of both constitutional realities. ln the Italian law, the abovementioned model represents the classical structure of the judgment on laws, while in the French system the “question prioritaire de constitulionnalité” represents a novelty introduced in 2008 which is regulated by different procedural rules. ln particular, we believed that some recent events related to the Italian and French constitutional jurisdiction, allow some considerations on the potential and critical issues of the incidental proceeding. To make sure that the comparison is not limited to a theoretical study but has also a "practical" utility, we will analyze some of the areas that are hardly reachable by the model at hand, also trying to verify if, based on the results of already tested experiences of comparative law, we can "export" useful solutions.

One can argue that songs offer a useful learning opportunity for learning English as a second language since it includes the combination of music and text. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine in what ways songs can affect the ESL classroom. The aim is further to compare and apply the findings to a Swedish upper secondary school context to examine how development can take place for ESL learners in Sweden. Moreover, the approach to this study consisted of a literaturereview of articles within the research area, which were used to answer the two research questions: To what extent can the use of songs in the ESL classroom stimulate incidental vocabulary learning?Additionally, what are other potential benefits from using songs in the ESL classroom? The results were unified regarding the main question of songs and vocabulary acquisition; all findings included positive effects of songs on incidental vocabulary learning and retention of new words. Moreover, implementing songs in the ESL classroom showed more positive attitudes towards school among students and teachers; in addition, the results indicated on a decrease regarding anxiety and stress among the learners. Furthermore, the Swedish National Curriculum emphasizes the importance of a positive classroom environment for the learners, and the syllabus for English requires a variety of texts, in which songs can offer useful learning conditions for vocabulary acquisition. Therefore, the song-based approach is presented as suitable for a Swedish upper secondary classroom.

In a world where we are increasingly connected to one another, the English language surrounds us here in Sweden. Children today grow up in an environment where they are exposed to the English language and the Swedish language simultaneously through various media and activities. The informal learning that children gain through their activities has received more and more attention in recent years. The English that pupils learn outside of school has become known as extramural English. Thus, it is of interest to investigate the perspectives of English teachers in Sweden regarding extramural English and to what extent they incorporate it into their teaching. This study briefly explains extramural English as a phenomenon, discuss relevant theories and delve into previous research on the subject. The methods that are used for this investigation is a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target group for the research methods are English teachers with varying backgrounds. The results suggest that the majority of the participants perceive extramural activities as a valuable asset. However, the results further indicate that the teachers have a greater reluctance to integrate it into their teaching, and rather recognise it as a complementary tool to education. The study draws attention to the strengths of pupils' extramural activities, how motivation is a key factor in second language learning, as well as the complications in implementing these activities into teaching. The discussion further highlights the syllabus' connection to the results of the study.

Background: Incidental findings (IFs) are reported in 20% or more of trauma CT scans. In addition to the importance of patient disclosure, there is considerable legal pressure to avoid missed diagnoses. We reported previously that 63.5% of IFs were disclosed before discharge and with 20% were nondisclosed. We initiated a multidisciplinary systemic plan to effect predischarge disclosure by synoptic CT reports with American College of Radiology recommended follow-up, electronic medical records discharge prompts, and provider education. Study Design: Prospective observational series patients from November 2019 to February 2020 were included. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS, version 21 (IBM Corp). Results: Eight hundred and seventy-seven patients underwent 1 or more CT scans for the evaluation of trauma (507 were male and 370 were female). Mean age of the patients was 57 years (range 14 to 99 years) and 96% had blunt injury. In 315 patients, there were 523 IFs (1.7 per patient); the most common were lung (17.5%), kidney (13%), and liver (11%). Radiology report compliance rate was 84% (210 of 249 patients). There were 66 studies from outside facilities. Sixteen IFs were suspicious for malignancy. A total of 151 patients needed no follow-up and 148 patients needed future follow-up evaluation. Predischarge IF disclosure compliance rate was 90.1% (286 patients); 25 were post discharge. Four patients remained undisclosed. Compared with our previous report, clearer reporting and electronic medical records prompts increased predischarge disclosure from 63.5% to 90.1% (p < 0.01, chi-square test) and decreased days to notification from 29.5 (range 0 to 277) to 5.2 (range 0 to 59) (p < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test). Conclusions: Timely, complete disclosure of IFs improves patient outcomes and reduces medicolegal risk. Collaboration among trauma, radiology, and information technology promotes improved disclosure in trauma populations.