Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-01-24T17:15:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 viniciusdealmeidavale.pdf: 2963209 bytes, checksum: 9056e257d48e1221adeedef0fddb506a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-01-25T10:39:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 viniciusdealmeidavale.pdf: 2963209 bytes, checksum: 9056e257d48e1221adeedef0fddb506a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-25T10:39:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 viniciusdealmeidavale.pdf: 2963209 bytes, checksum: 9056e257d48e1221adeedef0fddb506a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-17 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo principal desta Tese é avaliar os efeitos da integração comercial do Brasil com a União Europeia e com os Estados Unidos. Com o intuito de complementar estudos semelhantes, este trabalho propõe avaliar, além dos efeitos sobre indicadores macroeconômicos e setoriais, os efeitos sobre a estrutura de renda de dez famílias representativas brasileiras. Além disso, tendo em vista a discussão voltada para o potencial das atividades agrícolas e afins, tem-se como objetivos específicos: discutir o papel da agricultura para o processo de desenvolvimento econômico e apresentar o panorama recente do setor e sua inserção no comércio internacional. Para análise empírica, utiliza-se um modelo global-nacional integrado de Equilíbrio Geral Computável (EGC), o modelo BR-TAM (Brazilian Trade Analysis Model). Esse modelo é calibrado a partir da utilização e integração de dois outros modelos de EGC, o modelo global GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project) e o nacional ORANIG-BR (Single-Country Computable General Equilibrium Model of the Brazilian Economy). O modelo BR-TAM considera tanto as relações de comércio entre as regiões quanto os encadeamentos produtivos setoriais da economia brasileira. Além disso, o mesmo mapeia a geração e apropriação da renda, bem como o seu uso, por meio da extensão no módulo nacional que incorpora as múltiplas famílias e fluxos de renda da Matriz de Contabilidade Social (MCS) estimada nesta Tese a partir de dados preliminares da Matriz de Insumo-Produto (MIP) do Brasil para 2011 do Núcleo de Economia Regional e Urbana da Universidade de São Paulo (NEREUS), das Contas Econômicas Integradas (CEI) e da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Os efeitos dos dois cenários de integração, embora apresentem algumas semelhanças, apontam, em geral, para diferentes trade-offs em relação ao nível de atividade, emprego e produção setorial. Diferentes atividades são potencializadas em cada um deles. Além disso, pressões distintas são exercidas sobre a estrutura de renda e, consequentemente, sobre a desigualdade e concentração de renda no Brasil. Dessa maneira, este trabalho contribui para a literatura e agenda de comércio por trazer um estudo prospectivo capaz de orientar as estratégias de integração de curto e médio prazo, tendo em vista a discussão dos potenciais efeitos sobre variáveis macroeconômicas, setoriais e estrutura de renda das famílias heterogêneas no Brasil. / The main objective of this Thesis is to evaluate the effects of Brazil's trade integration with the European Union and the United States. In order to complement similar studies, this research proposes, besides to the effects on macroeconomic and sectoral indicators, an evaluation of the effects on the income structure of ten representative households in Brazil. In addition, considering the focus on agricultural and related activities potential, this study has as specific objectives discussing the role of agriculture in economic development and presenting the recent overview of the sector and its insertion in international trade. For empirical analysis, we use a global-national integrated Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, the BR-TAM (Brazilian Trade Analysis Model). This model is calibrated based on the use and integration of two other CGE models, the global model – GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project) and the national one – ORANIG-BR (Computable General Equilibrium Model of a Single Country of the Brazilian Economy). The BR-TAM model considers the trade relations among the regions and the sectoral linkages of the Brazilian economy. In addition, it maps the generation and appropriation of income, as well as its use, by the extension in the national module that incorporates multiple households and income flows from the Social Accounting Matrix (MCS) estimated based on preliminary data from the Input-Output Matrix (MIP) for 2011 of The University of Sao Paulo Regional and Urban Economics Lab (NEREUS), from the Integrated Economic Accounts (CEI) and from the Household Budgets Survey (POF) of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The effects of the two integration scenarios, although presenting some similarities, generally point to diverse trade-offs in relation to activity level, employment, and sectoral production. Different activities are potentiated in each of them. Moreover, different pressures are exerted on the income structure and, consequently, on Brazilian income inequality and concentration. In this way, this study contributes to the literature and trade agenda through a prospective study able to orient a short and medium-term integration strategy, since it brings some potential effects on macroeconomic and sectoral variables, and on income structure of heterogeneous household in Brazil.

Orientador: Josué Pereira da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T15:14:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cardoso_FabioLuizLopes_M.pdf: 3063673 bytes, checksum: bed0af7abaf73d5d15f405a45263ac1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta dissertação trata sobre a trajetória dos programas de transferência direta de renda no Brasil, suas diferenças e especificidades. Buscou-se analisar não apenas suas alterações estruturais, mas também políticas e teóricas. Para iniciar, estabelecemos foco no senador Eduardo Matarazzo Suplicy quanto à elaboração das suas propostas, o que permite perpassar toda a trajetória nacional nessa temática em particular. O senador Eduardo Suplicy é uma figura importante no desenvolvimento da política social no país. São de sua autoria, entre outros projetos, o Programa de Renda Mínima e a Lei da Renda Básica de Cidadania, o primeiro foi apresentado em 1991 e a segunda sancionada em 2004. Ambos versam sobre a mesma área de atuação, sendo a Renda Mínima base para a promoção de políticas públicas nos anos 90 e a Renda Básica que, aprovada de forma pioneira, colocou o Brasil na vanguarda dessas políticas em âmbito mundial. A implantação e impacto desta última ainda é uma incógnita, mas o desenvolvimento da primeira culminou nos principais programas hoje em vigência. Deste modo, estudar a atuação de Suplicy na luta pela efetivação de suas propostas e os fatores que o levaram a substituir uma pela outra, aprofundando suas respectivas origens e desenhos, significa mergulhar nos meandros desta temática demonstrando as diferenças de concepções entre os programas / Abstract: This dissertation deals with the history of the programs of direct income transfer in Brazil, including its differences and specificities. In this work was analyzed not only their structural changes, but also their political and theoretical changes. At the beginning, it is focused on Senator Eduardo Matarazzo Suplicy and in the formulation of their proposals, which allowed to follow the entire national history of this particular issue. Senator Eduardo Suplicy is a major figure in the development of social policy in Brazil. The Minimum Income Program and the Law of Citizen's Basic Income are of his own, among other projects. The first was presented in 1991 and the second sanctioned in 2004. Both deal with the same area, wherein the Minimum Income represented the basis of the promotion of public policies in the 90s and the Basic Income, that was approved in a pioneering way, putting Brazil at the global forefront of these policies. The implementation and impact of the latter is still unknown, but the development of the first yielded the programs in operation today. Thus, the study of the Suplicy's acts struggling for the achievement of his proposals and the factors that led to the substitution of one proposal for the other, deepening their origin and designs, means diving into the intricacies of this issue to demonstrate the differences between the concepts of the programs / Mestrado / Sociologia / Mestre em Sociologia

La Thaïlande connaît depuis le début des années 1960 une croissance remarquable accompagnée d'un développement économique qui se traduit par une réduction sensible de la pauvreté. En parallèle, la distribution des revenus est devenue moins inégalitaire, tout particulièrement au cours des dernières décennies. Depuis la crise financière asiatique de 1997, la protection sociale en Thaïlande s'est développée dans un cadre institutionnel en vue de réduire la pauvreté et la vulnérabilité de la population. La politique institutionnelle initiée intitulée « couverture santé universelle » s'accompagne de larges effets sur la qualité de vie de la population thaïlandaise. L'objet de cette thèse est de déterminer dans quelle mesure les politiques de bien-être social en particulier celle portant sur la généralisation de la protection sociale ont transformé la distribution des revenus dans un contexte de forte croissance économique. La problématique soulève trois questions (1) Le développement économique a-t-il conduit à accroître les inégalités ? (2) Quelles sont les retombées de la croissance économique sur les pauvres ? (3) Comment la protection sociale contribue t-elle à faire diminuer la pauvreté ? Dans cette thèse, le cadre conceptuel a été construit à partir des théories de l'inégalité et de l'exclusion sociale afin d'analyser la pauvreté, la distribution des revenus et d'évaluer la protection sociale de la santé. Nous avons mobilisé des informations issues d'enquêtes socio-économiques, de bases de données internationales et d'enquêtes directes sur le terrain pour étudier les inégalités et les conséquences de la pauvreté sur plusieurs catégories de pauvres. Les politiques publiques à destination des déshérités sont également considérées dans cette étude. Cette thèse nous permet de montrer que le modèle de croissance économique n'est plus aussi fortement orienté en faveur de la réduction de la pauvreté qu'au cours des périodes passées. Les mécanismes mis en oeuvre, tels que l'augmentation du bien-être social sont menacés, de sorte que les menaces liées à la crise économique actuelle sont de nature à affecter tout particulièrement les déshérités. Depuis 15 ans, la protection sociale est assurée à travers une politique de recouvrement des soins de santé soucieuse de réduire les dépenses de santé. L'inaccessibilité des soins demeure le problème majeur pour les plus vulnérables. En effet, la distribution des ressources publiques allouées aux pauvres est centralisée et est l'objet de dérives clientélistes. / In the last four decades, Thailand's economic development has been accompanied with great reductions in absolute poverty but not relative poverty. After the Asian financial crisis in 1997, social protection in Thailand emerged as a policy framework employed to tackle poverty and vulnerability. In particular the policy entitled Universal health coverage for all was initiated and had broad effects on the quality of life of Thai people. The goal of this thesis is to understand how social and welfare policies have shaped income distribution in a context of rapid economic growth. To carry out this scope, we concentrate on three questions: (1) Does economic development in the early stages lead to increase inequalities? (2) How does economic growth affect poverty? And (3) Can social protection alleviate the poverty? This thesis is grounded in the concepts of the theories of inequality and social exclusion. It connects the multidimensional aspects of both poverty concepts and measures with the different conceptual bases of social protection. Using series drawn from socio-economic surveys, international databases, field studies, and the assessment of social protection in health, the inequality and social impacts which affect various groups of the poor are explored. State policies targeting the poor are also included in the study. The results show that the pattern of economic growth is not "pro-poor" anymore, as it has been in some periods in the past. Mechanisms of poverty reduction, such as social welfare policies, are threatened, thus the looming economic crisis could be particularly hard on the poor. Social health protection in the last fifteen years has relied on the universal healthcare coverage policy, which is aimed at relieving the pressure of health expenditures. However, the inaccessibility of health services remains a problem for vulnerable populations. Indeed, the allocation of public resources targeting the poor stays is centralized and subject to influence from special interests.

The history of economic thought is ‘flooded’ with neo-classical accounts despite the fact that neoclassical economics did not occupy history alone. This has caused the discourses on ‘lost alternatives’ to be relegated as the deterministic ‘straight line’ neo-classical historical discourses are elevated. Globally hegemonic neo-classical discourse aided this phenomenon as it served to subordinate any counterhegemonic local discursive processes towards alternatives. This study is premised on the theme of non-neoclassical ‘lost alternatives’ using the post-apartheid South Africa as a case study. Emerging from the apartheid regime, the impetus towards non-neoclassical redistributive policies was strong in South Africa but this did not gain traction as the ANC’s ‘growth through redistribution’ was replaced by globally hegemonic discourse which favoured ‘redistribution through growth’. This thesis postulates the idea of two waves of ‘internal’ discursive formations; capturing the transition to democracy up to 1996 as the first wave and the period from 2005 to about 2009 as the second wave. The developmental state paradigm (DSP) emerged as the central heterodox paradigm with ideas such as industrial policy, welfare, and social dialogue/compacts being main elements. The DSP was expressly chosen in the early 1990s, the first period of strong internal discursive formation, but faded as neo-classical policies, epitomised through GEAR, dominated the policy space. The DSP discourse gained vitality in the second wave of internal discursive formation (2005-2009) and it was associated with the subsequent Zuma’s administration. The study illustrates that the DSP has failed to be fully developed into a practical framework but remained only at rhetorical level with the phrase ‘developmental state’ inserted into government policy documents and documents of ANC as a ruling party. The thesis further illustrates that the DSP fared well ideologically because of its inclination to the ideology of ‘developmentalism’ tended to trump any socialist inclined policies such as a generous welfare regime. The thesis rebuts the notion of the DSP in South Africa which has only been amorphously developed with the phrase ‘developmental state’ becoming a mere buzzword. The thesis argues that the DSP in the 21st century is much more complex and the growing ‘tertiarisation’ of the economy makes the Social Democratic Paradigm SDP’s capability centric approach much more relevant for South Africa. The study goes further to argue that a (SDP) is much more suitable alternative for addressing South African colonial/apartheid legacies and consolidation of democracy.

The objective of this study was to examine if intra-racial income inequality contributes to higher infant mortality rates (IMRs) for African-Americans. The conceptual framework for this study is derived from Richard Wilkinson's psychosocial environment interpretation of the income inequality and health link. The hypotheses examined were that race/ethnicity-specific IMRs are influenced by intra-race/ethnicity income inequality, and that these effects of income inequality on health are mediated by level of social mistrust and/or risk profile of the mother. Using state-level data from several sources, the 2000 National Center for Health Statistics Linked Birth Infant Death database, 2000 U.S. Census, and 2000 General Social Survey, a number of regression equations were estimated. Results indicated that the level of intra-racial/ethnic income inequality is a significant predictor of non-Hispanic Black IMRs, but not the IMRs of non-Hispanic Whites or Hispanics. Additionally, among Blacks, the effect of their intra-racial income inequality on their IMRs was found to be mediated by the risk profile of the mother, namely, the increased likelihood of smoking and/or drinking and/or less prenatal care by Black women during pregnancy. Implications of the findings are discussed.

This dissertation examines the effects of micro-level inequality on political preferences and voting behavior.

博士(経済学) / 乙第328号 / 250p / 一橋大学

This thesis explores patterns of environmental inequality in Portland, Oregon; both the existence of spatial environmental inequalities and the structural and local forces which contribute to them. Research on environmental inequality, or inequitable exposure to toxins, has shown that minority and low-income populations experience the bulk of the exposure to environmental hazards. Although Portland is often cited as the archetype of a sustainable city, environmental inequality is a pervasive issue. This thesis examines the health inequalities that characterize underserved communities in Portland. Utilizing a mixed methods approach, the researcher uses 1) logistic regression to statistically assess the relationship between race, poverty, and Superfund site locations, and 2) in-depth interviews with members of Oregon's environmental justice movement to help understand the historical, social, political, and economic conditions of Portland and their subsequent influence on environmental inequalities. Quantitative data is pooled from 2000 census and 2011 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sources. The quantitative findings demonstrate that environmental inequality is present in Portland, with African Americans being particularly overrepresented in tracts with Superfund sites. The quantitative analyses ultimately suggest that minimally populated, highly impoverished tracts with approximately 11% African American residents are most likely to house a Superfund site. The qualitative findings show that a variety of structural and local forces play prominent roles in the formation of Portland's environmental inequalities. The qualitative analyses reveal this to be a multifaceted and complex process that is indicative of Portland's history of racial inequality, contemporary free market and business forces, and governmental interests which culminate in trends of inequitable development.

現在，社会保障制度の再検討が国民の強い関心を集めている。本論文の目的は，我が国の社会保障制度の基盤を支えてきた，家族・市場(仕事)・政府のうち，家族・市場(仕事)の共同体としての機能がどの様に失われているかについて論じるべく，2006年から蓄積されたデータを用いて計量経済学的な実証分析を行ったものである。 / The purpose of this study is to examine the mechanism of inequality, focusing on the process of family by annalysing micro panel data and crosssectional data since 2006. Family, companies and government used to ensure the livelihoods of all citizens. In addition to the change of demographic structure, the rise in unmarried and divorce rate as well as the common-law marriage changed the family system which traditionally ensured our livelihoods. / 博士(経済学) / Doctor of Economics / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

This dissertation is part of a growing body of research studying the implications of micro heterogeneity - differences between different types of households and workers - for macro economic policy. By incorporating heterogeneity into monetary and fiscal policy frameworks, I am able to study both the distributional consequences of policy and uncover ways in which differences between households change policy transmission mechanisms. In the first chapter, I show that growing differences across the income distribution in workers' substitutability with capital alters the strength of a key monetary policy transmission mechanism. In the second chapter, I highlight and measure a new trade-off between redistribution policies and long-run investment stemming from differences in households' propensity to save out of permanent income. In the third chapter, joint with Jennifer La'O, we show that when the degree of labor income inequality changes over the business cycle, and fiscal policy is unable to respond to these changes, optimal monetary policy should take this inequality into account. Chapter 1 examines how heterogeneity in worker substitutability with capital affects the labor income channel of monetary policy. Empirically, I show that workers performing routine tasks see smaller labor income gains than other workers following a monetary expansion and have higher marginal propensities to consume (MPC). I show that this relationship dampens the role that the labor market plays in monetary policy transmission. I embed capital-task complementarity in a medium-scale HANK model calibrated to match the respective capital-labor elasticities and labor shares of routine and non-routine workers. This worker heterogeneity reduces the size of the labor income channel 25 percent. Chapter 2 studies the trade-offs associated with income redistribution in an overlapping generations model in which savings rates increase with permanent income. By transferring resources from high savers to low savers, redistribution lowers aggregate savings, and depresses investment. I derive sufficient conditions under which this savings behavior generates a welfare trade-off between permanent income redistribution and capital accumulation in the short and long run. I quantify the size of this trade-off in two ways. First, I derive a sufficient statistic formula for the impact of this channel on welfare, and estimate the formula using U.S. household panel data. When redistribution is done with a labor income tax, the welfare costs associated with my channel are around 1/3 the size of those associated with labor supply distortions. Second, I solve a quantitative overlapping generations model with un-insurable idiosyncratic earnings risk in which savings rates increase with permanent income calibrated to the U.S. in 2019. In this setting, I find that around 17 percent of the trade-off between labor income redistribution and average consumption can be attributed to my channel. In Chapter 3, joint with Jennifer La'O, we study optimalmonetary policy in a dynamic, general equilibrium economy with heterogeneous agents. All heterogeneity is ex-ante: workers differ in type-specific, state-contingent labor productivity, yet markets are complete. The fiscal authority has access to a uniform, state-contingent lump-sum tax (or transfer), but linear taxes are restricted to be non-state contingent. We derive sufficient conditions under which implementing flexible-price allocations is optimal. We show that such allocations are not optimal when the relative labor income distribution varies with the business cycle; in such cases, optimal monetary policy implements a state-contingent mark-up that co-moves positively with a sufficient statistic for labor income inequality.