The purpose of this thesis is to propose a methodology for documenting historic vernacular houses in Indiana through the Indiana Historic Sites and Structures Inventory. The inventory, or survey, is an essential and primary component of historic preservation. With roughly one half of Indiana's counties remaining to be surveyed, there is great opportunity to improve the quality and usefulness of the surveys as scholarship regarding the built environment advances.The thesis examines the definitions of vernacular architecture and sets forth a working definition which is fairly broad in scope. Vernacular house types found in Indiana are enumerated, described, and illustrated.The thesis then examines Indiana's methodology for documenting historic vernacular houses, and it makes recommendations, based on methodologies from other states, for positive charges.This thesis proposes an interdisciplinary approach to conductingsurveys of historic vernacular houses. It draws heavily from related fields such as folklore and material culture studies as well as from several years of experience working CX1 survey projects.The thesis also examines settlement patterns in Indiana and other cultural, building-shaping factors. The thesis is intended to serve as a guide to the vernacular house types in Indiana for use by field surveyors. / Department of Architecture

The purpose of this study was to assess the status of worksite smoking policies in Indiana's manufacturing industries and to describe the relationship between policy, workforce size, and manufacturing type. Of the 493 questionnaires distributed, 181 (36.7%) were returned. Approximately 67% percent of the industries reported having some type of restrictive policy with the majority of those policies not allowing smoking at the worksite except in designated areas. Most policies were developed within the last five years and were implemented due to a concern for employee health. Workforce size was directly related to the prevalence of significant restrictions. Those companies employing greater then 100 employees were the most likely to have a policy whereas the employing less than 11 were the least likely to have a policy. Standard industrial classifications 34 (fabricated metal products) and 35 (machinery, except electrical) had less restrictive policies as compared to other S.I.C. classifications. A follow up on 10% (n=30) of the nonrespondents yielded similar results to those who did respond. / Department of Physiology and Health Science

Food habits for yellow perch Perca flavescens were compared using current and previous diet studies from southern Lake Michigan index sites. Yellow perch were not gape limited but size-selective in consumption of the newly established round goby Neogobius melanostomus. Ingested fish ranged from 7 to 47% of the yellow perch's total length and 2 to 53% of their gape. Currently, yellow perch diets are dominated in volume by fish/fish products (85%), which is double from previous studies. Utilization of zooplankton and insect prey items in the yellow perch diet has decreased to <1% by volume in 2002, contrasting with previous consumption of 4 to 20% and 5 to 17%, respectively, from previous studies during 1971-1993. Yellow perch are exhibiting opportunistic, generalist feeding strategy that incorporates both exotic and native prey items, allowing the population to use multiple prey items with the changing prey base in Lake Michigan. / Department of Biology

The attitudes of all Hoosier women (304) employed full-time in editorial (writing/managing) capacities on Indiana's seventy-eight dailies were determined through a mail questionnaire that queried demographics and five subject areas: job conditions, self-concept, upward mobility, male versus female situations, and effects of the women's movement.The researcher expected Hoosier women to feel discrimination against their chances for upward mobility and in their assignments and job conditions, as was found in prior studies. It was also expected that the women's movement would have little impact on women in a corn-belt midwestern state.The results indicated that nearly half of the respondents had experienced discriminatory practices, with 40 percent of them claiming to have person-ally attempted to better the situation. While the women overwhelmingly liked their jobs and felt females to be as good or better than males in reportorial duties, the key finding of the research was that overall, Hoosier women were undecided (in their mean responses) to nearly 40 percent of the instrument's statements.Further, the women perceived not the original five dimensions of questions, but three: "us versus them" that related to the newspapers' treatment of employees, in particular women; personal attitude questions; and women's movement questions.It was also found that the women, by virtue of their responses to the instrument, tended to group themselves into two "types" that were not related to job conditions, pay, education, or the bulk of the demographics. The only significant factor that differed in the two groups was number of years in journalism, as Type 1 women were younger than Type 2. Overall, the Type 1 women were found to be more conscious of discrimination toward women and leaned heavily toward the male versus female dimension of statements. Type 2, the older women, were aware of problems in the field, but were more satisfied with their jobs and positions in life, with more concern focusing on self-concept and job conditions.Mean responses of the demographic questions provided a profile of the average Hoosier newspaperwoman in this first study to be undertaken in Indiana. The research became only the fifth such study done in an individual state. Most of the demographic findings were similar to those found in other states or in national surveys with the exception of pay, where Indiana women experienced a decidedly lower mean wage.

Diagnostic flake analysis is based on the concept that distinct flintknapping techniques produce distinctive flakes. Seen in this light, the information potential of flakes is enormous. Unfortunately, this information is virtually lost in analyses based upon size-grading a flake assemblage or separating flakes statistically based on a few "key" attributes. The intent of this study is to provide and apply a well-integrated analytical approach based upon the diagnostic flake concept.In order to integrate the static lithic artifacts to the dynamic behavior that produced them, a generalized flow chart model of the knapping event is developed. The flow chart model emphasizes the debitage produced during knapping, rather than finished lithic tools. The flow chart model is described in detail, and the terms"technology", "strategy", and "techniques" are defined and contrasted.A total of 30 reduction experiments were conducted in the course of this study, producing an estimated 27,000 flakes and flake fragments. Based on this sample and previous work conducted by Flenniken (n. d. ) and others, nine diagnostic flake types and three significant flake attributes are defined.An ideal methodology for a lithic analysis is developed. This ideal methodology includes: 1) assessing the types of raw materials present on a site; 2) reconstructing the technology based on negative-flake scars on finished tools; 3) flake refitting; 4) classifying flakes into the diagnostic flake categories nonstatistically and polythetically, with special emphasis placed on recognizing previously unidentified diagnostic flake types; 5) developing a flow chart model of reconstructed prehistoric technology; and 6) summarizing the flow chart i n verbal form.The methodology is applied to the Middle and Late Woodland components of the stratified All Seasons site located in central Indiana. Analysis of the Middle Woodland assemblage results in the recognition and definition of conical core flake blanks.The methodology is applied to a blind test manufactured by Donald Cochran to assess bias that may have been introduced into the flake type definitions by using debitage produced only by the author. Cochran's behavior is accurately reconstructed.Finally, the results of the study are discussed, and the study's strengths and weaknesses are determined. Diagnostic flake analysis is found to be a powerful approach that derives an optimal amount of high-quality information from a chipped stone assemblage. / Department of Anthropology

This thesis analyzed Indiana editors and reporters through Qmethodology in an effort to establish a typology of Indiana journalists pertaining to the future of the daily newspaper. Because of an apparent lack of abundant research relative to what journalists perceive as the future of the daily print medium, this study attempted to add an Indiana perspective to existing empirical literature dealing with the future of newspapers.Fifty-six editors and reporters from 28 of Indiana's 73 newspapers were selected as a purposive sample of the state's journalists. Statements representing perceptions about the future of newspapers were compiled in a 64-card structured Qsort and administered in person to all respondents. Respondents were asked to sort through the cards and rank the statements on an 11-point, Likert-like most-agree/most-disagree scale.Computer analysis of the Q-sorts produced five typal arrays which may be considered five typical categories into which Indiana journalists fall with regard to their perceptions aboutthe future of newspapers.Four of the five types showed strong correlation among themselves. Although none of the 12 consensus items proved significant, Indiana editors and reporters were found to have similar attitudes overall regarding several key statements.Findings of this study indicate the typical perceptions of Indiana journalists regarding the future of newspapers are centered around the belief that responsiveness to readers is a high priority. Data also indicated editors and reporters see technology and marketing to be keys to success for newspapers of the future. Other findings appear to suggest journalists believe local news and information relative to readers' daily lives will be important parts of future newspaper content. Making newspapers "user-friendly" was also a high priority for Indiana editors and reporters.Although one of the five types emerging in this study showed strong discontent in its perceptions of the public, the overall view of journalists in Indiana appears to be one of respect and confidence in readers of the future. There was also indication that editors and reporters were open to change in the newspaper industry and committed to a career in the daily print medium.Because of the projective nature of this study, Q-methodology was selected as an appropriate research instrument. It should be noted, however, that this method provides only typical attitudes that may not be generalized among populations other than the one particular to this study. / Department of Journalism

The county home is a rapidly disappearing building type in Indiana. Also known as the poorhouse, poor asylum, or county farm, the county home was Indiana’s first unified response to poverty and disability. County homes were built in each of Indiana’s ninety-two counties, but today, over half of these buildings either sit vacant or have been demolished. This thesis includes a survey of Indiana’s remaining county homes, recording forty-eight buildings in forty-seven counties. Information regarding each building’s architectural significance, condition, and current use is noted. Though reuse can be difficult, often due to large building size or rural location, it is possible. Several successful examples of adaptive reuse of county homes exist across the state, as this thesis illustrates. / Department of Urban Planning

Our objective was to quantify if macroinvertebrate assemblages in Indiana streams were better predicted from co-occurring fish assemblages or environmental variables. We used Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) with forward-selection of variables to identify significant environmental predictor variables for macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages. A partial Mantel test was used to determine if fish assemblage composition and macroinvertebrate assemblage composition significantly co-vary while controlling for environmental effects. The CCAs resulted in two significant predictors of macroinvertebrate distribution and relative abundance, and four significant predictors of fish distribution and relative abundance. Similarity matrices of fish and macroinvertebrates were significantly correlated in the Mantel (r = 0.22, p = 0.019) and partial Mantel tests (r = 0.23, p = 0.013). Our results suggest that macroinvertebrates respond to local and regional environmental variation, and less to local presence of fishes. / Department of Biology

Forest fragmentation poses a serious danger to population diversity in plants and animals by increasing species isolation, thus reducing the population size and genetic diversity. However, little information is available concerning how fragmentation impacts plant diversity. AFLP fingerprinting was used to assess genetic diversity within and between populations of Asarum canadense L. (Canadian Wild Ginger) across 11 different populations in East-Central Indiana. AFLP fingerprints using two primer pairs generated 51 distinct bands with an average of 25.5 bands per primer. Forty-eight low molecular weight distinct polymorphic bands were observed (50-200 bp range). The percentage of polymorphism was low (0-25%) indicating low levels of genetic diversity within each population studied. NTSYSpc Numerical Taxonomy Analysis Software generated aphenogram that revealed high levels of homologies within populations (75-100%), with individuals from the same population typically clustered. The genetic diversity between populations ranged from 10-50%. The populations from Jay, Randolph and Henry Counties clustered together exhibiting -54% homology, while populations from Mien, Madison, and Huntington counties shared approximately 64% homology. The populations from Adams, Blackford, Delaware, and Grant counties shared approximately 66% homology. However, within this last group Blackford and Delaware counties shared 90% homology. There were no apparent effects of the size of the forest fragments on the observed diversity measures. A possible relationship between genetic diversity and spatial distance was observed between populations moving from east to west. Possible reasons for this observation may be due to forest types, age of forests, climatic factors, soil types, and/or anthropogenic activities. Overall, the low level of average diversity within the populations strongly suggests that the individuals inhabiting isolated forests primarily propagate by asexual means.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306 / Department of Biology

There is no abstract available for this thesis.