M.Tech.

Thesis (M.Tech.: Homoeopathy)- Dept. of Homeopathy, Durban University of Technology, 2008. xxvi, 161 leaves. / The purpose of this placebo controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of a homoeopathic complex (Carbo Vegetabilis D9, Lycopodium clavatum D9, Nux Vomica D9 and Robinia Pseudoacacia D9) in the treatment of patients suffering from functional dyspepsia; in terms of the patient’s perception of the treatment. It was hypothesized that the patients treated with the complex would respond favorably in terms of the symptoms associated with dyspepsia. In this experimental study the single variable design was used for its ‘before and after with control’. Thirty patients with functional dyspepsia were selected after been screened according to diagnostic criteria identified by the researcher. These patients were divided into two groups according to simple random sampling. Data was collected at the Homoeopathic Day Clinic at the Durban University of Technology. Group one received the homoeopathic complex and group two received a placebo complex. Patients received treatment over a period of six weeks (three consultations). The patients, during each consultation, in the presence of the researcher, completed the Patient Perception Questionnaire. Results were statistically analysed using the FriedmansTest (inter group comparison) and The Wilcoxon signed Rank Test (intra group comparison). When the three questionnaires for each patient were compared it was found that neither the placebo group, nor the experimental group yielded significant improvement. Therefore the results of this clinical trial demonstrated that this homoeopathic complex is not effective in the treatment of functional dyspepsia, when compared to placebo, in terms of patient perception.

M.Tech.

Mini-dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master's Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban University of Technology, 2008. / The purpose of this placebo controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of a homoeopathic complex (Carbo Vegetabilis D9, Lycopodium clavatum D9, Nux Vomica D9 and Robinia Pseudoacacia D9) in the treatment of patients suffering from functional dyspepsia; in terms of the patient’s perception of the treatment. It was hypothesized that the patients treated with the complex would respond favorably in terms of the symptoms associated with dyspepsia. In this experimental study the single variable design was used for its ‘before and after with control’. Thirty patients with functional dyspepsia were selected after been screened according to diagnostic criteria identified by the researcher. These patients were divided into two groups according to simple random sampling. Data was collected at the Homoeopathic Day Clinic at the Durban University of Technology. Group one received the homoeopathic complex and group two received a placebo complex. Patients received treatment over a period of six weeks (three consultations). The patients, during each consultation, in the presence of the researcher, completed the Patient Perception Questionnaire. Results were statistically analysed using the FriedmansTest (inter group comparison) and The Wilcoxon signed Rank Test (intra group comparison). When the three questionnaires for each patient were compared it was found that neither the placebo group, nor the experimental group yielded significant improvement. Therefore the results of this clinical trial demonstrated that this homoeopathic complex is not effective in the treatment of functional dyspepsia, when compared to placebo, in terms of patient perception. / M

朱少佳. / "2009年9月". / "2009 nian 9 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-85). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Zhu Shaojia. / 致謝辭 --- p.i / 中文摘要 --- p.iii / 英文搞要 --- p.v / 中英名詞對照表 --- p.viii / 目錄 --- p.ix / 表目錄 --- p.xii / 圖表目錄 --- p.xiv / Chapter 第壹章 --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 功能性消化不良的歷史源流與進展 --- p.1 / Chapter 1 --- FD流行病學硏究 --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- FD帶來的經濟負擔與健康影響 --- p.2 / Chapter 3 --- FD診斷標準的發展 --- p.2 / Chapter 甲 --- Colin-Jones診斷標準 --- p.2 / Chapter 乙 --- 羅馬I診斷標準 --- p.2 / Chapter 丙 --- 羅馬II診斷標準 --- p.3 / Chapter 丁 --- 羅馬III診斷標準 --- p.4 / Chapter 第二節 --- FD的病理生理學硏究 --- p.5 / Chapter 1 --- 胃酸分泌量異常 --- p.5 / Chapter 2 --- 胃動力障礙 --- p.6 / Chapter 甲 --- 胃排空延遲 --- p.6 / Chapter 乙 --- 近端胃受容性及收縮異常 --- p.6 / Chapter 丙 --- 遠端胃部與十二指腸活動異常 --- p.7 / Chapter 丁 --- 胃電節律紊亂 --- p.7 / Chapter 3 --- 胃感覺異常 --- p.8 / Chapter 4 --- 感染與發炎 --- p.8 / Chapter 甲 --- 幽門螺旋菌 --- p.8 / Chapter 乙 --- 急性細菌性胃腸炎 --- p.9 / Chapter 第三節 --- 中醫學對FD的認識 --- p.9 / Chapter 第四節 --- FD的飲食及生活習慣建議 --- p.11 / Chapter 第五節 --- 可能影響FD的因素 --- p.14 / Chapter 1 --- 年齡 --- p.11 / Chapter 2 --- 性 别 --- p.11 / Chapter 3 --- 社會經濟狀況或失業 --- p.11 / Chapter 4 --- 教育程度 --- p.12 / Chapter 5 --- 輪班 --- p.12 / Chapter 6 --- 精神心理狀態 --- p.12 / Chapter 7 --- 飲食生活習慣 --- p.12 / Chapter 第六節 --- FD的治療 --- p.14 / Chapter 1 --- FD西醫藥的治療 --- p.14 / Chapter 2 --- FD中醫藥的治療 --- p.15 / Chapter 第七節 --- 硏究目的 --- p.17 / Chapter 第貳章 --- 硏究問卷與方法 --- p.17 / Chapter 第一節 --- 定義 --- p.17 / Chapter 1 --- 嚴重消化不良症狀定義 --- p.17 / Chapter 2 --- 工作、生活、飲食習慣定義 --- p.17 / Chapter 3 --- 可能影響FD的因素、相關因素、較強相關因素定義 --- p.17 / Chapter 4 --- 公立專科門診FD病人、社區未經檢查FD病人、健康人定義… --- p.17 / Chapter 第二節 --- 問卷 --- p.18 / Chapter 1 --- 功能性消化不良與有關因素問卷 --- p.19 / Chapter 2 --- 中醫胃病症狀觀察表格 --- p.19 / Chapter 第三節 --- 調查方法 --- p.19 / Chapter 1 --- 電話訪問調查 --- p.20 / Chapter 2 --- 公立專科門診病人調查 --- p.21 / Chapter 甲 --- 病例入選標準 --- p.22 / Chapter 乙 --- 病例排除標準 --- p.22 / Chapter 3 --- 統計學分析方法 --- p.22 / Chapter 第叁章 --- 結果 --- p.24 / Chapter 第一節 --- 電話訪問調查 --- p.24 / Chapter 1 --- 香港FD人口患病率 --- p.24 / Chapter 2 --- FD相關因素調查 --- p.25 / Chapter 甲 --- FD羅馬II診斷標準的相關因素調查 --- p.26 / Chapter 乙 --- FD羅馬III診斷標準的相關因素調查 --- p.33 / Chapter 丙 --- FD羅馬II與FD羅馬III診斷標準相關因素比較 --- p.39 / Chapter 丁 --- 嚴重消化不良症狀的相關因素 --- p.40 / Chapter 第二節 --- 公立專科門診病人調查 --- p.48 / Chapter 1 --- FD病人中醫辨證分型分析 --- p.57 / Chapter 2 --- FD西醫分型分佈規律 --- p.60 / Chapter 3 --- FD病人的幽門螺旋菌感染分佈 --- p.61 / Chapter 4 --- 社區未經檢查FD病人與公立專科門診FD病人比較 --- p.62 / Chapter 5 --- 公立專科門診FD病人、社區未經檢查FD病人與健康人比較 --- p.65 / Chapter 第肆章 --- 總結及討論 --- p.67 / 參考文獻 --- p.75 / 附錄 --- p.86 / 附錄甲：功能性消化不良與相關因素問卷 --- p.87 / 附錄乙：中醫胃病症狀觀察表格 --- p.98 / 附錄丙：電話調查問卷 --- p.104 / 附錄丁 ：病人資料及同意書 --- p.120 / 附錄戊：因素變數列表 --- p.124 / 附錄己：100例FD病人舌象、脈象及其他特徵性症狀記錄…… --- p.128

沈成豪. / "2007年8月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2007. / 參考文獻(leaves 57-65). / "2007 nian 8 yue". / Abstract also in English. / Shen Chenghao. / Lun wen (Zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2007. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 57-65). / 目錄 --- p.2 / 表格目錄 --- p.5 / 感謝 --- p.6 / 摘要 --- p.7 / Abstract --- p.8 / 目的 --- p.9 / Chapter 一. --- 背景 --- p.9 / Chapter 1. --- 消化不良的槪念 --- p.9 / Chapter 2. --- 功能性消化不良流行病學資料 --- p.11 / Chapter 3. --- 功能性消化不良的醫療開支以及相關的經濟損失 --- p.12 / Chapter 4. --- 功能性消化不良的病理 --- p.13 / Chapter 5. --- 功能性消化不良的藥物治療 --- p.16 / Chapter 二. --- 中醫藥與功能性消化不良 --- p.17 / Chapter 三. --- 功能性消化不良的中醫硏究文獻回顧 --- p.20 / Chapter 1. --- 功能性消化不良與中醫證型的相關硏究 --- p.20 / Chapter 2. --- 功能性消化不良的中醫臨床辨證規律 --- p.20 / Chapter 3. --- 中醫脾胃病專家對功能性消化不良的見解 --- p.25 / Chapter 4. --- 功能性消化不良的中醫診療標準 --- p.26 / Chapter 5. --- 小結 --- p.27 / 臥床資料 --- p.28 / Chapter 一. --- 病例選擇標準 --- p.28 / Chapter 1. --- 功能性消化不良的西醫診斷標準 --- p.28 / Chapter 2. --- 功能性消化不良的中醫證候診斷標準 --- p.28 / Chapter 二. --- 硏究對象 --- p.31 / Chapter 1. --- 病例來源 --- p.31 / Chapter 2. --- 病例入選標準 --- p.31 / Chapter 3. --- 病例排除標準 --- p.31 / Chapter 三. --- 觀察方法 --- p.32 / Chapter 四. --- 數據處理 --- p.32 / Chapter 五. --- 統計學處理 --- p.33 / 結果 --- p.34 / Chapter 一. --- 一般流行病學資料 --- p.34 / Chapter 二. --- 功能性消化不良亞型的分布 --- p.36 / Chapter 三. --- 功能性消化不良的中醫證型分類硏究 --- p.37 / Chapter 1. --- 功能性消化不良中醫證型分布 --- p.37 / Chapter 2. --- 性別與中醫證型分布的關係 --- p.38 / Chapter 3. --- 年齢與中醫證型分布的關係 --- p.40 / Chapter 4. --- 病程與中醫證型分布的關係 --- p.42 / Chapter 5. --- 功能性消化不良的亞型與中醫證型硏究 --- p.44 / Chapter 四. --- 功能性消化不良的症狀分析 --- p.46 / Chapter 1. --- 胃脘部症狀分析 --- p.46 / Chapter 2. --- 胃脘其他症狀分析 --- p.47 / 討論 --- p.48 / 結論 --- p.55 / 展望及日後工作 --- p.56 / 參考文獻 --- p.57 / 附錄一：中醫胃病症狀觀察表格 --- p.66 / 附錄二：功能性消化不良中醫證候硏究病人同意書 --- p.73

Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for Master’s degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Department of Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2015. / Background Functional dyspepsia is a chronic pain/discomfort centred in the upper abdomen in the absence of any known structural cause. Epidemiological studies have shown that functional dyspepsia is a common complaint affecting all population groups that over time places considerable financial strain on public and private resources due to frequent doctors’ visits and expensive diagnostic procedures. The development of non-surgical and non-pharmaceutical treatments of functional dyspepsia would not only make economic sense but would also provide a means to improve patients’ quality of life in the least invasive way possible. Although not traditionally seen to be within the chiropractic scope of practice, anecdotal evidence suggests that chiropractic care and management may have the ability to alleviate visceral symptomatology. Objectives The purpose of this placebo controlled pilot study was to evaluate the preliminary effects of chiropractic manipulation versus inactive laser in the treatment of adult patients suffering from functional dyspepsia. Due to the small sample size, time and budgetary constraints it was hypothesised that the dyspepsia symptoms of participants treated with active chiropractic manipulation would not respond more favourably to the treatment, nor would these patients experience a greater improvement in terms of quality of life, compared to those participants receiving placebo treatment. Method Thirty participants with pre-diagnosed functional dyspepsia were selected after being screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria identified by the researcher. These participants were then divided into two groups using consecutive sampling. Data was collected at the Chiropractic Day Clinic at the Durban University of Technology. Group A received an active chiropractic manipulation using diversified technique to pre-identified levels in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine. Group B received inactive laser to pre-identified levels in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine. Both groups received one treatment a week for three weeks. The fourth and final consultation consisted only of data capturing. At each visit both groups of participants filled in three validated questionnaires: The numerical pain rating scale; PAGI-SYM physical symptom assessment; Results Results were statistically analysed using IBM SPSS version 20 and a p value ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Repeated measures ANOVA testing was used to assess the effect of each of the treatments separately and to assess the comparative effects of the spinal manipulation vs the placebo. Conclusion and Recommendations The gathered results and analysis were statistically insignificant. Clinical improvement in their symptomotology was however noted within both groups over the trial period in terms of treatment received and their perceived quality of life, symptomatology and pain levels. Both groups tended to have reduced pain and discomfort over time, improved: emotional distress, sleep disturbance, food problems, vitality, post-prandial fullness and abdominal pain. This study should be repeated with selected outcome measurements, and perhaps objective outcome measurements, and a larger sample size in order to determine any benefit.

Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for Master’s degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Department of Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2015. / Background Functional dyspepsia is a chronic pain/discomfort centred in the upper abdomen in the absence of any known structural cause. Epidemiological studies have shown that functional dyspepsia is a common complaint affecting all population groups that over time places considerable financial strain on public and private resources due to frequent doctors’ visits and expensive diagnostic procedures. The development of non-surgical and non-pharmaceutical treatments of functional dyspepsia would not only make economic sense but would also provide a means to improve patients’ quality of life in the least invasive way possible. Although not traditionally seen to be within the chiropractic scope of practice, anecdotal evidence suggests that chiropractic care and management may have the ability to alleviate visceral symptomatology. Objectives The purpose of this placebo controlled pilot study was to evaluate the preliminary effects of chiropractic manipulation versus inactive laser in the treatment of adult patients suffering from functional dyspepsia. Due to the small sample size, time and budgetary constraints it was hypothesised that the dyspepsia symptoms of participants treated with active chiropractic manipulation would not respond more favourably to the treatment, nor would these patients experience a greater improvement in terms of quality of life, compared to those participants receiving placebo treatment. Method Thirty participants with pre-diagnosed functional dyspepsia were selected after being screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria identified by the researcher. These participants were then divided into two groups using consecutive sampling. Data was collected at the Chiropractic Day Clinic at the Durban University of Technology. Group A received an active chiropractic manipulation using diversified technique to pre-identified levels in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine. Group B received inactive laser to pre-identified levels in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine. Both groups received one treatment a week for three weeks. The fourth and final consultation consisted only of data capturing. At each visit both groups of participants filled in three validated questionnaires: The numerical pain rating scale; PAGI-SYM physical symptom assessment; Results Results were statistically analysed using IBM SPSS version 20 and a p value ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Repeated measures ANOVA testing was used to assess the effect of each of the treatments separately and to assess the comparative effects of the spinal manipulation vs the placebo. Conclusion and Recommendations The gathered results and analysis were statistically insignificant. Clinical improvement in their symptomotology was however noted within both groups over the trial period in terms of treatment received and their perceived quality of life, symptomatology and pain levels. Both groups tended to have reduced pain and discomfort over time, improved: emotional distress, sleep disturbance, food problems, vitality, post-prandial fullness and abdominal pain. This study should be repeated with selected outcome measurements, and perhaps objective outcome measurements, and a larger sample size in order to determine any benefit. / M

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Psychological stress in early childhood has been implicated in the pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia but the mechanism is unclear. This study investigates the effect of early psychological stress on the regulation of satiety function in adulthood using an animal model of neonatal maternal separation stress (NMSS). / CONCLUSIONS: Psychological stress in early life leads to aberrant ghrelin profile and dysregulation of feeding behavior in response to acute psychological or physiological stress in adulthood. / METHODS: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats underwent 3-hour daily maternal separation (MS) from postnatal day 2 to 22 and were weaned. The rats with no MS served as non-handling controls. Three experiments were conducted on these rats on day 60: (1) Water avoidance stress (WAS); (2): Feeding after overnight fasting and (3) Feeding after overnight fasting and WAS. Serial blood samples were collected for acylated ghrelin (AG) assay. In experiments (1) and (2), tissues from the stomach and hypothalamus were harvested additionally for evaluation of ghrelin expression. In experiments (2) and (3), calorie intake was also monitored at regular time intervals. / RESULTS: Experiment (1): MS rats had significantly higher mRNA ghrelin in hypothalamus (1.012 +/- 0.098 vs 0.618 +/- 0.071, P = 0.009) and plasma AG level (141.6 +/- 28.92 pg/mL vs 97.69 +/- 38.21 pg/mL, P = 0.014) in baseline non-stressed conditions. After WAS, MS rats had further increase in plasma AG level and gastric ghrelin expression. Experiment (2): After overnight fasting, the initial calorie intake was significantly higher in MS rats (at 3 mins: 1.303 +/- 0.293 kcal vs 0.319 +/- 0.159 kcal, P= .011; at 8 mins: 2.578 +/- 0.207 kcal vs 1.299 +/- 0.416 kcal, p = 0.019) but it dropped abruptly afterward and no difference in overall calorie intake over 28 minutes was found. The postprandial plasma AG level and gastric mRNA ghrelin were significantly lower in MS rats (95.92 +/- 12.71 pg/mL vs 154.01 +/- 14.53 pg/mL, p = 0.010). Experiment (3): After both fasting and WAS, the MS rats had significantly higher calorie intake in the first hour (17.24 +/- 1.10 kcal vs 11.95 +/- 1.20 kcal, P= 0.006) but it dropped substantially afterward with significantly lower cumulative calorie intake at 3 hours (at 3 hr: 19.44 +/- 1.50 kcal vs 26.49 +/- 2.25 kcal, P = 0.023). The calorie intake in MS rats remained significantly lower than that of controls up to 48 hours (168.1 +/- 4.76 kcal vs 220.8 +/- 8.27 kcal, P< 0.001). / Cheung, Kwan Yui Cynthia. / Adviser: Justin C.Y. Wu. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-06, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-154). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

The pattern of mucosal blood flow in normal human stomachs, and benign gastric ulcers was assesed with laser Doppler flowmetry and the relationship between a single determination of ulcer blood flow and the systemic level of growth factors was investigated. A significant ascending gradient in mucosal blood flow from the antrum to fundus was demonstrated. Different levels of cellular activity in the regions of the stomach may explain this gradient. In the gastric ulcers that healed on standard medical therapy mucosal blood flow was significantly increased in comparison to normal stomachs. In the ulcers that were refractory to standard medical therapy mucosal blood flow was significantly lower than in normal stomachs and healing ulcers. Higher systemic levels of the growth factor bFGF were demonstrated in healing ulcers compared to non-healing ulcers. Gastric mucosal blood flow can increase in response to the increased metabolic demands of healing, however impairment of this response may be an important factor preventing healing of benign gastric ulcers. It would appear that non-healing of gastric ulcers can be predicted at initial diagnosis by reduced peri-ulcer gastric mucosal blood flow and low blood levels of bFGF. / Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1999.