The main objective of this research is to analyze the thermal performance of housing units submitted to a climate environment classified as Bioclimatic Zone 8, established by norm NBR 15220-3 from The Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT), with the purpose of providing indoor thermal comfort to those housing units occupants. The Brazilian locations selected were the following estate capitals: Belém, PA; Fortaleza, CE; Maceió, AL; Salvador, BA and Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Four different types of graphical modeling for computer simulations were determined, in which: one of them was a reference type, two others were modified according to the standards for the climatic context being analyzed and the fourth type was incremented with a shading device. The study has analyzed the solar radiation exposure in facade areas of four different types of solar orientation and three different time periods, in both summer and winter solstices. In order to evaluate the thermal performance of the building units, Design Builder was the computer simulation software chosen for this study case. Also, a comparative analysis of the final results obtained from the comfort limit based on neutral temperatures, considered acceptable for housing units on hot and humid climate zones, has been carried out. The computer simulations of the thermal performance has confirmed that the increase of the effective areas of the openings for ventilation in accordance with NBR 15220-3 and NBR15575, showed, in most cases, reduction in the indoor air temperature in the simulation models, although none model has shown 100% comfortable hours. Confirming that, though the cities belonging to the same bioclimatic zone, the design strategies are important characteristics to achieve a favorable thermal performance, and consequently, the thermal comfort of its users. Though the cities belonging to the same bioclimatic zone, there are important features for design strategies that are important to achieve a favorable thermal performance, and consequently, the thermal comfort of its users. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o desempenho térmico de unidades habitacionais submetidas ao contexto climático classificado na Zona Bioclimática 8 estabelecido pela norma NBR 15220-3 da ABNT, com vistas ao conforto térmico de seus usuários. As localidades brasileiras escolhidas foram as capitais: Belém PA; Fortaleza CE; Maceió AL; Salvador BA e Rio de Janeiro RJ. Foram definidos quatro modelos de habitações para as simulações computacionais, sendo um de referência; dois modificados de acordo com prescrições das normas vigentes para o contexto estudado, e o quarto com o acréscimo de protetor solar. Foram analisadas as condições de insolação de fachadas para quatro diferentes condições de orientação e três horários nos solstícios de inverno e verão. Para a avaliação do desempenho térmico dos modelos estudados, foi utilizado o programa computacional Design Builder. Foi realizada, ainda, uma análise comparativa dos resultados obtidos com limites de conforto baseados em temperaturas de neutralidade, consideradas aceitáveis para edificações residenciais de clima quente e úmido. Os resultados das simulações do desempenho térmico confirmaram que o aumento das áreas das aberturas efetivas para ventilação em conformidade com as normas NBR 15220-3 e NBR 15575 significou, na maioria dos casos, em redução de temperatura do ar interno nos modelos simulados, embora nenhum modelo tenha apresentado 100% de horas confortáveis. Confirmando que, apesar de as cidades pertencerem a uma mesma zona bioclimática, as estratégias de projeto têm especificidades importantes para se alcançar um desempenho térmico favorável, e consequentemente, o conforto térmico de seus usuários.

Dans le cadre de la recherche de solutions visant à réduire les consommations d’énergie liées au rafraîchissement des bâtiments, une plateforme d’essais a été mise en place en 2012 à l’I2M et installée sur le site de l’IUT de l’Université de Bordeaux. Cette plateforme est issue d’un prototype de bâtiment BEPos, dénommée Sumbiosi, réalisée par un consortium rassemblé autour du campus de Bordeaux dans le cadre de sa participation à la compétition interuniversitaire du Solar Decathlon Europe 2012. Elle a notamment été conçue de façon à favoriser le stockage passif d’énergie diurne en hiver et le déstockage semi-passif d’énergie nocturne en été. Deux éléments principaux permettent a priori ces fonctions de stockage et déstockage passifs d’énergie : une dalle de forte masse thermique située du côté de la façade Sud vitrée du bâtiment, et des protections solaires et ouvertures pilotables sur les façades Sud, Nord et en lanterneau du bâtiment ; ces dernières assurent les trois principes fondamentaux en ventilation naturelle qui ont lieu grâce aux effets du tirage thermique et de la force du vent. L’objet des travaux menés actuellement ont pour objectif initial d’appréhender qualitativement le stockage-déstockage d’énergie dans la dalle, celle-ci étant soumise à des échanges radiatifs (extérieur et d’intérieur) et convectifs (générés par convection naturelle, forcée ou mixte). Ils visent par la suite à caractériser précisément et quantitativement le couplage entre ce stockage-déstockage, et les circulations d’air et apports radiatifs constatés. La mise en place d’une modélisation, reliant l’ensemble de ces paramètres est envisagée, dans le but d’avancer vers une loi de pilotage de ces éléments mobiles amenant à des conditions de confort internes au bâtiment optimales. Cette dernière doit nous permettre de montrer qu’un choix adéquat de stratégie de ventilation permet une minimisation de consommations électrique en évitant autant que possible le recours à la climatisation. Pour atteindre cet objectif, la démarche scientifique adoptée a consisté à mettre en évidence le rôle de la dalle en béton dans stockage/déstockage d’énergie thermique, sous l’effet de différents scénarii de ventilation naturelle de la plateforme. Cette dalle a été instrumentée, de façon discrète sur l’ensemble de sa surface, en termes de capteurs de flux de chaleur (Peltier et Captec), de températures (thermocouples T), et de la vitesse d’air proche de la dalle. Les premiers résultats, obtenus en période estivale, mettent clairement en évidence le couplage entre les phénomènes de stockage et déstockage d’énergie quotidiens et le cycle météorologique correspondant, ceci pour divers scénarii de pilotage des éléments mobiles de l’enveloppe du bâtiment (persiennes, ouvertures). / As part of the search for solutions to reduce the energy consumption related to the refreshment of buildings, a test platform was set up in 2012 at the I2M and installed on the IUT site of the " University of Bordeaux. This platform is the result of a prototype of a PEHs building called Sumbiosi, carried out by a consortium gathered around the Bordeaux campus as part of its participation in the inter-university competition of the Solar Decathlon Europe 2012. It was conceived in such a way as to favor the passive storage of diurnal energy in winter and the semi-passive destocking of nighttime energy in summer. Two main elements allow a priori these functions of passive storage and retrieval of energy: a slab of high thermal mass located on the side of the glazed south facade of the building, and solar protections and openings controllable on the facades South, North and skylight of the building ; the latter provide the three fundamental principles of natural ventilation, which take place through the effects of thermal draft and wind force. The object of the work currently carried out has the initial objective of qualitatively understanding the storage and de-stocking of energy in the slab, the latter being subjected to radiative (external and internal) and convective exchanges (generated by natural convection, forced or mixed). They are intended to characterize precisely and quantitatively the coupling between this storage and release, and the circulations of air and radiative contributions observed. The implementation of a modeling, linking all these parameters is envisaged, with the aim of advancing towards a law controlling these mobile elements leading to optimum internal comfort conditions for building. The latter must enable us to show that an adequate choice of ventilation strategy allows a minimization of electrical consumption by avoiding the use of air conditioning as much as possible. To achieve this objective, the scientific approach adopted consisted in highlighting the role of the concrete slab in the storage / destocking of thermal energy, under the effect of different scenarios of natural ventilation of the platform. This slab was instrumented, discretely over its entire surface, in terms of heat flux sensors (Peltier and Captec), temperatures (T thermocouples), and air speed close to the slab. The first results, obtained during the summer period, clearly show the coupling between the phenomena of daily energy storage and destocking and the corresponding meteorological cycle for various scenarios controlling the moving elements of the building envelope (shutters, openings).