In vector control of induction motors it is essential to know the parameters of the motor. Known approaches to this problem have some drawbacks. This thesis work is planned to develop solutions to the existing problems. The proposed solutions will be implemented and tested.

This thesis deals with modeling, simulation and implementation of Load Commutated SCR based current source Inverter (LCI) fed squirrel cage induction motor drive with sinusoidal voltage and sinusoidal current. In the proposed system, the induction motor is fed by an LCI. A three level diode clamped voltage source inverter (VSI) is connected at the motor terminal with ac chokes connected in series with it. The VSI currents are controlled in such a manner that it injects the reactive current demanded by the induction motor and the LCI for successful commutation of the SCRs in the LCI. Additionally, it absorbs the harmonic frequency currents to ensure that the induction motor draws sinusoidal current. As a result, the nature of the motor terminal voltage is also sinusoidal. The concept of load commutation of the SCRs in the LCI feeding an induction motor load is explained with necessary waveforms and phasor diagrams. The necessity of reactive compensation by the active filter connected at the motor terminal for the load commutation of the thyristors, is elaborated with the help of analytical equations and phasor diagrams. The requirement of harmonic compensation by the same active filter to achieve sinusoidal motor current and motor voltage, is also described. Finally, to achieve the aforementioned induction motor drive, the VA ratings of the active filter (VSI) and the CSI with respect to VA rating of the motor, are determined theoretically. The proposed drive scheme is simulated under idealized condition. Simulation results show good steady state and dynamic response of the drive system. Load commutation of the SCRs in the LCI and the sinusoidal profile of motor current and voltage, have been demonstrated. As in LCI fed synchronous motor drives, a special mode of operation is required to run up the induction motor from standstill. As the SCRs of the LCI are load commutated, they need motor terminal voltages for commutation. At standstill these voltages are zero. So, a starting strategy has been proposed and adopted to start the motor with the aid of the current controlled VSI to accelerate until the motor terminal voltages are high enough for the commutation of the SCRs in the LCI. The proposed drive is implemented on an experimental setup in the laboratory. The IGBT based three level diode clamped VSI has been fabricated following the design of the standard module in the laboratory. A generalized digital control platform is also developed using a TMS320F2407A DSP. Two, three phase thyristor bridges with necessary firing pulse circuits have been used as the phase controlled rectifier and the LCI respectively. Appropriate protection scheme for such a drive is developed and adopted to operate the drive. Relevant experimental results are presented. They are observed to be in good agreement with the simulation results. The effect of capacitors connected at the output of the LCI in the commutation process of the SCRs in the LCI is studied and analyzed. From the analysis, it is understood that the capacitors form a parallel resonating pair with filter inductor and the motor leakage inductance, which results in an undesired oscillation in the terminal voltage during each of the commutation intervals leading to commutation failure. So, in the final system, the capacitors are removed to eliminate any chance of commutation failure of the SCRs in the LCI. It is shown by experiment that the commutation of the SCRs takes place reliably in the absence of the capacitors also. The commutation process is studied and analyzed without the capacitors to understand the motor terminal voltage waveform of the experimental results.

The starting time of the three – phase asynchronous motors can be determined using the equation of the movement of the electric drive putting down into this equation the mechanical characteristics of the mechanism and motor. The mechanical characteristics of the motor often are expressed by the Kloss formula, but this formula can't be used for the up to date asynchronous motors, wich have very different mechanical characteristics. The analysis of the method letting to express the mechanical characteristics of the motor as the sum of two components: one according Kloss formula, another – as a power function, are carried out. Using this expession of the mechanical characteristics of the induction motor and the equation of the movement of the drive, the method for determination of the starting time is developed.

Disertacijoje siekiamas tikslas: sudaryti trifazio asinchroninio variklio matematinius modelius fazinėje koordinačių sistemoje, esant įvairiems variklio apvijų jungimo būdams, sukurti modelį tiesiaeigio asinchroninio variklio dinamikos tyrimui, jo pagrindu sudaryti kompiuterinius modelius dažniu valdomiems asinchroniniams varikliams tirti. / The aim of dissertation is to develop mathematical and computer models of induction motor in phase coordinate system at various ways of stator windings connection, transform this model for investigation of dynamics of linear induction motor, and carry out computer models for investigation of frequency-controlled induction motors.

Disertacijoje keliamas tikslas - sudaryti trifazio asinchroninio variklio matematinį modelį, kuris ne tik adekvačiai aprašo nesimetriškų asinchroninių variklių dinamiką, bet ir kurio greitaveika būtų didesnė už universalaus elektrodinaminio modelio greitaveiką, ši modelį pritaikyti įvairiems variklio apvijų jungimo būdams, jo pagrindu sudaryti kompiuterinius modelius dažniu valdomiems asinchroniniams varikliams tirti. Pirmajame skyriuje aptariami šiuo metu dažniausiai naudojami asinchroninių variklių modeliai, aptariami jų privalumai ir trūkumai. Nesimetriško asinchroninio variklio matematinio modelio fazinėje koordinačių sistemoje lygtys išvestos antrajame skyriuje. Trečiasis skyrius skirtas kompiuteriniams asinchroninio variklio modeliams. Sudarytas universalus, t. y. visiems variklio apvijų jungimo atvejams tinkamas, programinis asinchroninio variklio modelis. Sudarytas Simulink paketui tinkamas objektinis asinchroninio variklio modelis. Ketvirtasis skyrius skirtas valdomų elektros pavarų modeliams. Sudaryti algoritmai inverterio-variklio ir lygintuvo-inverterio-variklio sistemų imitavimui. Pateikti šių sistemų imitavimo rezultatai. Sudarytas Simulink paketui tinkamas srovės kanalo metodu valdomos dažninės pavaros modelis. Darbo pabaigoje pateiktos išvados. / The aim of dissertation is to develop mathematical and computer models of induction motor in phase coordinate system at various ways of stator windings connection, transform this model for investigation of dynamics of linear induction motor, and carry out computer models for investigation of frequency-controlled induction motors. Chapter 1 discusses mathematical models of induction motors, their advantages and shortcomings. Mathematical model of induction motor in phase coordinate system applicable to consider non-symmetry of motors is derived in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 is devoted for computer models of induction motors. Universal algorithm of programmed motor model is elaborated and presented. Objective Simulink motor model is developed. Chapter 4 is devoted for models of controlled electric drives. Algorithm to simulate system inverter-motor is carried out and results of simulation are presented. Model of system rectifier-inverter-motor with changeable structure was proposed and simulations of transients are discussed. Model of drive, controlled by current channel is developed. General conclusions of the research are made.

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High dynamic performance, which is obtained from dc motors, became achievable from induction motors with the recent advances in power semiconductors, digital signal processors and development in control techniques. By using field oriented control, torque and flux of the induction motors can be controlled independently as in dc motors. The control performance of field oriented induction motor drive greatly depends on the correct stator flux estimation. In this thesis voltage model is used for the flux estimation. Stator winding resistance is used in the voltage model. Also leakage inductance, mutual inductance and referred rotor resistance values are used in vector control calculations. Motor control algorithms use motor models, which depend on motor parameters, so motor parameters should be measured accurately. Induction motor parameters may be measured by conventional no load and locked rotor test. However, an intelligent induction motor drive should be capable of identifying motor parameters itself. In this study parameter estimation algorithms are implemented and motor parameters are calculated. Then these parameters are used and rotor flux oriented vector control is implemented. Test results are presented.

Cette thèse porte sur l’étude des performances du moteur linéaire de référence par la méthode d’analyse éléments finis, et la conception optimale sur un modèle lourd en temps de calcul. La méthode éléments finis est utilisée pour étudier les performances du moteur linéaire de référence, car le modèle analytique d’un moteur linéaire est difficile à construire dû aux effets d’extrémités. Le modèle éléments finis (MEF) 2D permet de prendre en compte l’effet d’extrémité de longueur finie. L’effet d’extrémité de largeur finie est intégré au modèle 2D en faisant varier la conductivité du secondaire et en ajoutant une inductance de tête de bobines. Ensuite, le couplage entre le MEF 3D magnétique et thermique permet de prendre en compte tous les effets d’extrémité et de l’influence de la température. Un banc d’essais est construit pour valider les modélisations éléments finis. La comparaison entre les différents modèles montre l’importance du modèle couplé. L’optimisation directe sur un MEF est très couteuse en temps de calcul. Les stratégies d’intégrer un modèle de substitution au lieu d’un MEF sont étudiées. L’optimisation directe sur un modèle de substitution et l’algorithme Efficient Global Optimisation (EGO) sont comparés. Un algorithme Space Mapping (SM) 3 niveaux est proposé. Les résultats des cas tests montrent que le SM 3 niveaux est plus efficace par rapport à l’algorithme SM 2 niveaux. Une nouvelle stratégie d’optimisation avec un faible budget d’évaluation du MEF est proposée et testée dans le contexte d’une modélisation difficile. La stratégie proposée permet d’évaluer les MEF en parallèle, ainsi permet un gain considérable de réduction du temps d’optimisation. / This thesis focuses on studying the performance of the linear induction motor using the method of finite element analysis, and the optimal design on a time-costly model. The finite element method is used to study the performance of the linear induction motor. Firstly, the 2D finite element model (FEM) is constructed, which allows taking into account the longitudinal end effects. The transverse edge effects are taken into account within 2D model by varying the conductivity of the secondary and by adding the inductance of the winding overhang. Secondly, a coupled model between the magnetic and thermal 3D FEM is built which allows taking into account both the end effects and the temperature influence. Finally, a test bench is realized to validate the models. The comparison between the different models shows the importance of the coupled model. Optimal design using finite element modeling tools is a complex task and also time-costly. The surrogate model-assisted optimization strategies are studied. The direct surrogate model-assisted optimization and the Efficient Global Optimization are compared. A three-level output space-mapping technique is proposed to reduce the computation time. The optimization results show that the proposed algorithm allows saving a substantial computation time compared to the classical two level output space-mapping. Using the 3D FEM, a multi-objective optimization with a progressive improvement of a surrogate model is proposed. The proposed strategy evaluates the FEM in parallel. A 3D Pareto front composed of the finite element model evaluation results is obtained, which allows taking the decision for the engineering design.

Neste trabalho são propostos métodos para a estimação de parâmetros de motores de indução através do método dos Mínimos Quadrados com medição apenas de tensões, correntes e resistência do estator em um ensaio de partida em vazio. São detalhados os procedimentos para o tratamento dos sinais medidos, além das estimações do fluxo magnético e da velocidade mecânica do motor. Para a estimação dos parâmetros elétricos, são propostos métodos que diferem nos requisitos e no tratamento dos parâmetros como invariantes ou variantes no tempo. Em relação a esse último caso, é empregado um método de estimação de parâmetros por janelas de dados, aplicando um modelo com parâmetros invariantes no tempo localmente em diversas partes do ensaio. São feitas simulações para validar os métodos propostos, e dados de ensaio de três motores de diferentes potências são utilizados para analisar a escala de variação paramétrica durante a partida. É feita uma comparação entre os resultados obtidos com e sem consideração de variação nos parâmetros. / In this work, methods are proposed to estimate the parameters of induction motors through the Least Squares method with the measurement of only voltages, currents and resistance of the stator in a no-load startup test. Procedures are detailed to process the measured signals, as well as to estimate magnetic flux and rotor mechanical speed. In order to estimate the electrical parameters, methods are proposed which differ in their requisites and in the treatment of parameters as time invariant or time-varying. For the latter, a methodology for parameter estimation through data windows is used, applying a model with time invariant parameters locally to different parts of the test. Simulations are made to validate the proposed methodology, and data from tests of three motors with different powers are used to analyze the scale of parameter variation during startup. A comparison is made between the results obtained with and without the consideration of variation in the parameters.

Neste trabalho é abordada a estimação de parâmetros de motores de indução trifásicos através de métodos diferentes daqueles normalizados por normas técnicas. Inicialmente é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica dos principais métodos alternativos encontrados na literatura, onde são discutidas as vantagens e desvantagens de cada um deles. Também é abordado o problema da variação dos parâmetros durante a operação do motor devido a fenômenos como o efeito pelicular e a saturação no ferro. São propostos três métodos de estimação dos parâmetros da máquina de indução trifásica que utilizam apenas medições de tensões e correntes do estator. O primeiro método utiliza a impedância instantânea vista dos terminais do estator na estimação dos parâmetros. O segundo é baseado em ensaios de decaimento, visando a obtenção do valor de regime permanente da constante de tempo do rotor. Já o terceiro método proposto envolve a aplicação do primeiro método em segmentos do conjunto de dados, denominados de janelas móveis, a fim de se obter a variação dos parâmetros com a frequência das tensões e correntes induzidas no rotor. Esta variação ocorre principalmente devido ao efeito pelicular. São apresentados algoritmos para a estimação das grandezas não medidas porém necessárias nos métodos propostos, tais como a velocidade do rotor, fluxo do estator e torque eletromagnético. Também é realizada a estimação dos parâmetros mecânicos do motor. Os três métodos são validados através de simulações e experimentos envolvendo motores de diferentes potências, onde é possível observar os efeitos da variação dos parâmetros. Por fim, a eficácia dos métodos é avaliada através de comparações entre as correntes obtidas da simulação do motor com os parâmetros estimados e as correntes efetivamente medidas durante os ensaios. Observa-se que no caso do motor de baixa potência, admitir a variação dos parâmetros não melhora os resultados. Por outro lado, no caso dos motores de maior potência os erros envolvidos quando se admite variação nos parâmetros com a frequência do rotor é consideravelmente menor do que os erros obtidos através da simulação com parâmetros constantes. / In this work, the estimation of the parameters of three phase induction motor is approached through alternative methods. Firstly, it is presented a literature review of the commonly used methods, where the advantages and disadvantages of each one are discussed. The problem of parameter variation during the motor operation due to phenomena as skin-effect and iron saturation is also discussed. Three methods aiming at the estimation of the induction motors parameters are presented, where only stator voltages and currents measurements are required. The first method uses the instantaneous impedance as seen from the stator terminals for the parameter estimation. The second one is based on deceleration tests, aiming to obtain the steady-state value of the rotor time constant. The third method involves the application of the first method to segments of the data, named moving windows. The objective is to assess the parameter variation with the rotor frequency, mainly due to skin-effect. Algorithms for estimation of quantities such as rotor speed, stator flux and electromagnetic torque are presented. A method to estimate mechanical parameters is also presented. The three methods are validated through simulation and experimental tests with motors of different power. Using the proposed methods, it is possible to observe the parameter variation effects. Finally, the accuracy of the methods is evaluated through comparisons between the stator currents simulated with the estimated parameters and the measured currents. In the case of low power motor, no significant improvement in the results were observed when varying parameters are assumed. On the other hand, in the case of high power motors the errors considering varying parameters with the rotor frequency are considerably lower than those obtained through simulation with constant parameters.