The paper is concerned with algorithms for transforming hexahedral finite element meshes into tetrahedral meshes without introducing new nodes. Known algorithms use only the topological structure of the hexahedral mesh but no geometry information. The paper provides another algorithm which can be extented such that quality criteria for the splitting of faces are respected.

A singularly perturbed reaction diffusion problem is considered. The small diffusion coefficient generically leads to solutions with boundary layers. The problem is discretized by a vertex-centered finite volume method. The anisotropy of the solution is reflected by using \emph{anisotropic meshes} which can improve the accuracy of the discretization considerably. The main focus is on \emph{a posteriori} error estimation. A residual type error estimator is proposed and rigorously analysed. It is shown to be robust with respect to the small perturbation parameter. The estimator is also robust with respect to the mesh anisotropy as long as the anisotropic mesh sufficiently reflects the anisotropy of the solution (which is almost always the case for sensible discretizations). Altogether, reliable and efficient \emph{a posteriori} error estimation is achieved for the finite volume method on anisotropic meshes.

This paper presents the investigation of the nonlinear eigenvalue problem describing free vibrations of plates with elastically attached masses. We study properties of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions and prove the existence theorem. Theoretical results are illustrated by numerical experiments.

The preprint delivers an efficient solution technique for the numerical simulation of crack propagation of 2D linear elastic formulations based on finite elements together with the conjugate gradient method in order to solve the corresponding linear equation systems. The developed iterative numerical approach using hierarchical preconditioners comprehends the interesting feature that the hierarchical data structure will not be destroyed during crack propagation. Thus, one gets the possibility to simulate crack advance in a very effective numerical manner including adaptive mesh refinement and mesh coarsening. Test examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the given approach. Numerical simulations of crack propagation are compared with experimental data.

The present paper is devoted to the fast solution of boundary integral equations on unstructured meshes by the Galerkin scheme. On the given mesh we construct a wavelet basis providing vanishing moments with respect to the traces of polynomials in the space. With this basis at hand, the system matrix in wavelet coordinates can be compressed to $\mathcal{O}(N\log N)$ relevant matrix coefficients, where $N$ denotes the number of unknowns. The compressed system matrix can be computed within suboptimal complexity by using techniques from the fast multipole method or panel clustering. Numerical results prove that we succeeded in developing a fast wavelet Galerkin scheme for solving the considered class of problems.

This is a documentation of the software package COCOS. The purpose of COCOS is the computation of corner singularities of elliptic equations in polyhedral corners and crack tips. COCOS provides a self-contained library for the generation of structured 2D finite element meshes, including various routines for mesh manipulation, as well as several algorithms for the solution of quadratic eigenvalue problems with Hamiltonian structure. These and further features will be described in this documentation.

A new preconditioner for the quick solution of a crack growth problem in 2D adaptive finite element analysis is proposed. Numerical experiments demonstrate the power of the method.

Die Dissertation behandelt zwei Gebiete der Geometrie endlichdimensionaler Banach-Räume (Minkowski-Geometrie). Der erste Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf Winkelmassen und Winkelhalbierenden. Dafür gibt es verschiedene Verallgemeinerungen dieser Euklidischen Konzepte, die im allgemeinen in Minkowski-Räumen verschieden sind. Es werden alle Minkowski-Räume charakterisiert, in welchen zwei dieser Konzepte für alle möglichen Winkel das selbe Maß oder die selben Winkelhalbierenden liefern. Der zweite Teil der Dissertation behandelt die Einbettung von metrischen Räumen in Minkowski-Räume. Dabei steht die Einbettung in beliebige geeignete Minkowski-Räume fester Dimension im Mittelpunkt. Hauptergebnis ist hier die vollständige Klassifikation aller 2-Abstands-Mengen in Minkowski-Ebenen, d.h., aller möglichen Mengen von Punkten einer Minkowski-Ebene, so dass zwischen diesen Punkten nur zwei verschiedene positive Abstandswerte auftreten. / This dissertation deals with two geometric subjects in finite dimensional Banach spaces (Minkowski geometry). The first topics are angle measures and angular bisectors. There are several possibilities to generalize these Euclidean concepts, which yield in general distinct geometrical objects in Minkowski spaces. A characterization is given for Minkowski spaces, for which two such concepts yield for all possible angles the same angular measure or the same angular bisector. The second part of the dissertation deals with embeddings of metric spaces into Minkowski spaces. It focuses on embeddings into some arbitrary suitable Minkowski space of prescribed dimension. The major result is the complete classification of all 2-distance sets in Minkowski planes, i.e., of all subsets of points of a Minkowski plane such that there are only two different positive distance values between these points.

In dieser Arbeit wird das asymptotische Verhalten der Approximationszahlen für Operatorfolgen aus einer speziellen Klasse von Banachalgebren untersucht. Es werden bemerkenswerte Eigenschaften der Folgen und der Approximationszahlen ihrer Operatoren gezeigt, darunter die so genannte splitting-Eigenschaft. Ein typisches Beispiel solcher Operatorfolgen stellen die Finite Sections von Toeplitzoperatoren dar, die exemplarisch behandelt werden. Dabei werden hier auch die Folgenräume l1 und l-unendlich betrachtet.

Ausgehend von bekannten Grundlagen zu Rotationssymmetrie und linearer Elektromechanik, wird eine Vorlage für die Simulation piezoelektrischer Probleme mit FEM im rotationssymmetrischen Fall hergeleitet. Dabei wird insbesondere die Berechnung der Integrale in den Bilinearformen mittels erweiterter 2D-Methoden beschrieben. Außerdem wird kurz auf notwendige Modifikationen am Fehlerschätzer sowie auf die Behandlung der Randbedingungen eingegangen. Ein Experimentalprogramm mit einigen gerechneten Testbeispielen zeigt die prinzipielle Umsetzbarkeit der vorgestellten Theorie und ermöglicht den Abgleich mit anderen Methoden.