Title: A Study on the Innovation Behavior of Information Infused Instruction for Elementary School Teachers School: National Sun Yat-Sen University Department: Institute of Education Time: May,2007 Degree: Master Advisor: Yang, Shu-Ching Researcher: Wu, Tasi-Jung The purpose of this study was as follows: (1) to develop the scales of the innovation climate, the pedagogical literacy, the innovation motivation and the innovation behavior of information infused instruction; (2) to analyze the status quo for teacher¡¦s innovation behavior of information infused instruction; (3) to compare teachers¡¦ different background factors so as to know the difference in teachers¡¦ performance of the innovation climate, the pedagogical literacy, the innovation motivation and the innovation behavior of information infused instruction; (4) to construct a structural equation model of the innovation behavior of information infused instruction for elementary school teachers. To achieve the purpose of the study, self-constructed questionnaire-¡§The investigation questionnaire on the innovation behavior of information infused instruction for elementary school teacher¡¨ was used in this study. The sample of the study was composed of 823 elementary school teachers in Kaohsiung City. The data was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, multivariate analysis of variance and structural equation modeling. Major findings of the study was as follows: (1) The reliability and validity of the scales of elementary school teachers¡¦ innovation climate, pedagogical literacy, innovation motivation and innovation behavior of infusing information into instruction was acceptable. (2) The status quo in elementary school teachers¡¦ innovation climate and motivation of infusing information into instruction was higher than the median on the six-point scale ; however, the status quo in elementary school teachers¡¦ pedagogical literacy and innovation behavior of infusing information into instruction was lower than the median on the six-point scale. (3) There was small anticipation-effect size in elementary school teachers¡¦ innovation climate of infusing information into instruction in term of the gender, information-seeded teachers,age, seniority, appointment, the time of taking information technology related training, the time of using information technology each week, the experience of creative teaching competition, the experience of information infused instructional competition, the experience of helping students participate competition, and the experience of helping students participate information related competition. (4) There was medium to large anticipation-effect size in elementary school teachers'pedagogical literacy of infusing information into instruction in term of the gender, information-seeded teachers, the time of using information technology each week, the experience of individual competition, the experience of information infused instructional competition, the experience of helping students participate competition, and the experience of helping students participate information related competition. (5) There was medium anticipation-effect size in elementary school teachers¡¦ innovation motivation of infusing information into instruction in term of the gender, information-seeded teachers, the time of using information technology each week, the experience of individual competition, the experience of creative teaching competition, the experience of information infused instructional competition, the experience of helping students participate competition, and the experience of helping students participate information related competition. (6) There was medium to large anticipation-effect size in elementary school teachers¡¦ innovation behavior of infusing information into instruction in term of the gender, information-seeded teachers, the time of using information technology each week, the experience of individual competition, the experience of teaching project design, the experience of creative teaching competition, the experience of information infused instructional competition, the experience of helping students participate competition, and the experience of helping students participate information related competition. (7) The model, ¡§innovation climate, pedagogical literacy and innovation motivation had direct effects on innovation behavior¡¨ , was better for the innovation behavior of information infused instruction for elementary school teachers. According to the research results mentioned above, this research had proposed specific recommendation to the educational administration agency, elementary schools and follow-up researchers .

Thesis (Th. M.)--Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-145).

Non-wetting surfaces mainly categorized into superhydrophobic (SHS), lubricant-infused (LIS) and solid-infused surfaces (SIS), by virtue of their superior water repellant properties have wide applications in several energy and environmental systems. In this dissertation, the role of non-wetting surfaces toward the enhancement of condensation effectiveness is analyzed by taking into consideration the tube side and shell side individual interfacial energy transport processes namely, drag reduction, convection heat transfer enhancement, fouling mitigation and dropwise condensation heat transfer. First, an analytical solution is developed for effective slip length and, in turn, drag reduction and friction factor on structured non-wetting surfaces. Secondly, by combining the solution for effective slip length on structured non-wetting surfaces and the fractal characterization of generic multiscale rough surfaces, a theoretical analysis of drag reduction, friction factor, and convection heat transfer enhancement is conducted for scalable non-wetting surfaces. Next, fractal representation of rough surfaces is used to theoretical derive the dropwise condensation heat transfer performance on SHS and novel SIS surfaces. The aspect of dynamic fouling mitigation properties of non-wetting surfaces is explored by conducting systematic experiments. Using Taguchi design of experiments, this work for the first time presents a closed formed relationship of fouling mitigation quantified in terms of asymptotic fouling resistance with Reynolds number, foulant concentration and viscosity of the infusion material that represents the different surface types in a unified manner. Furthermore, it was observed that LIS and SIS offer excellent fouling mitigation compared to SHS and conventional smooth surfaces, however only SIS owing to the presence of solid-like infusion materials is observed to be robust for practical applications. / Doctor of Philosophy / Inspired by the naturally occurring water repellant lotus leaf and pitcher plant, metallic surfaces have undergone engineering modifications to their native wetting properties. By generating roughness features ranging from nanometer to micrometer length scales, subjecting them to low surface energy treatments and by choosing an appropriate water repellant infusion material, the water repellant properties seen on lotus leaf and pitcher plant can be engineered. Such water repellant (non-wetting) surface fabrication methods are widely available in the literature however very few are scalable to surface types (e.g. copper, aluminum etc.), surface size (millimeters to meters) and shape (plain, curved, inside of tubes etc.). In this work, considering scalable fabrication methods such as electrodeposition and chemical etching, a systematic analysis is conducted on enhancement of four interfacial processes that are a part of many industrial applications. First, the extent of water repellency by structured non-wetting surfaces for the flow of fluid (water) quantified in terms of effective slip length of flow is analytically derived. Using this theory and a self-similar (fractal) nature of the more generic rough surface designs, a theoretical analysis into the drag reduction, convection heat transfer enhancement on non-wetting surfaces is conducted. Next, using the fractal nature of the rough superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) a theoretical investigation into dropwise condensation performance is used to derive bounds on condensation heat transfer enhancement. Through systematic experimental investigations, it is shown that a solid-infused surface (SIS) and lubricant-infused surfaces (LIS) which, respectively, incorporate a polymer and a slippery lubricant in the interstitial region of metallic asperities, exhibit superior dynamic mineral fouling mitigation performance compared to SHS and conventional smooth surfaces. In addition, it is demonstrated that SIS is a far robust and durable choice when compared to LIS for use in the long run.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and density of resin infused alumina, to investigate effect of sintering temperature and curing pressure on flexural strength, surface roughness, Young’s modulus, hardness and fracture toughness of resin infused alumina. MATERIALS: Alumina infused polymer and Vita In-ceram alumina. METHODS: Alumina powders were dry-pressed in a stainless steel mold to produce cylindrical alumina blocks. Blocks were divided into four different groups sintered at four different temperatures (1050ºC,1150ºC,1200ºC,1250ºC). The density of each block was measured. They were silane treated, and then infused with a UDMA mixture under vacuum condition. Infused alumina blocks were cured with an Isopress machine at two different pressures (20,001 psi and 23,187 psi) then cut into discs 1.5 mm thick x 14 mm diameter, n=8 for each group. Biaxial flexural strength was measured using an Instron Universal Testing machine at 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. Surface roughness was measured with a Mitotoyu profilometer. Hardness was measured using a Vickers hardness test using Instron-produced indentations at 15 newton load for 30 seconds. Young’s modulus was measured by compressive Young’s modulus method using the Instron machine at 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. Fracture toughness was measured using the Vickers indentation fracture toughness test. Microstructure of each group was investigated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS: Data were analyzed with One-way ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer HSD for comparison of all pairs at p<0.05 was used to determine statistical difference between groups. CONCLUSION: The biaxial flexural strength, surface toughness, hardness, Young’s modulus and fracture toughness increase as density of resin infused alumina increases. Interpenetrating phase material provides greater biaxial flexural strength and fracture toughness than single-phase alumina ceramics. Curing pressure has a significant effect on the biaxial flexural strength of polymer infused alumina blocks. / 2019-09-26T00:00:00Z

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2004. / Thesis directed by Alfred Freddoso for the Department of Philosophy. "April 2004." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 200-204).

No description available.

Medical implants constitute an essential advancement in modern medicine, often restoring or replacing functionality to failed organs. Whether a medical implant is temporary or permanent, medical implants carry the risk of implant failure due to an infection. Implant-associated infections (IAI) are challenging to treat and often result in increased medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, implant failure, and, in some instances, severe infections that can lead to amputations, sepsis, or mortality. Eradicating an IAI can be challenging since bacteria can form biofilms on the implant’s surface. The biofilms comprise an extracellular matrix protecting the bacterial cells against systemic antibiotics and the host’s immune system. Treating an IAI usually entails a broad range of antibiotic treatment and surgical procedures for tissue debridement or implant replacement. For the reasons stated above, scientists and engineers continue to develop technologies to protect the surface of medical implants against infections. Amongst the new technologies, Liquid-Infused Surfaces (LIS) are renowned for their repellent and anti-fouling properties created by tethering a stable liquid layer onto the surface. However, many challenges remain to adopt this technology for implantable devices. For instance, the high repellent properties can hinder implant-tissue interaction and discourage proper integration with the body. Furthermore, the stable liquid layer is contingent on the surface properties of the coated material. In other words, the long-term stability of these coatings may be compromised if the surface chemistry is covered by biological processes such as biofilm formation from adherent bacteria. This thesis aims to expand on the applications of LIS coatings and enhance their properties for implantable materials. This thesis reviews different types of antibiotic surface coatings and further examines LIS technologies as a viable antibacterial coating for medical implants. Then, three novel multifunctional LIS coatings are presented. The first developed coating enhanced the antibacterial properties of the coating by adding bactericidal agents within the LIS coating. The developed antibiotic liquid-infused coating not only repelled bacteria but also lysed bacteria upon contact. The second coating was designed to promote tissue integration. This multifunctional coating promoted cell deposition and proliferation while remaining repellent toward bacteria, while the conventional LIS coating displayed poor cell availability. Lastly, a collagen-bacteriophage conjugated liquid-infused coating was developed to promote tissue integration while having a two-tier layer of antibacterial protection. This coating was tested in a mouse sepsis model and prevented mortality of all mice, with other groups as high as 90% mortality. These coatings constitute essential steppingstones to bring LIS technology to medical implants. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Implant-associated infections (IAI) remain a significant problem in modern medicine. IAIs are challenging to treat and often result in increased medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, implant failure, and, in some instances, severe infections that can lead to sepsis or mortality. For these reasons, new technologies have been developed to protect the surface of medical implants against infections. Amongst the new technologies, Liquid-Infused Surfaces (LIS) are renowned for their repellent and anti-fouling properties created by tethering a stable liquid layer onto the surface. This thesis aims to expand on the applications of LIS coatings and enhance their properties for implantable materials. This thesis reviews different types of antibiotic surface coatings, examines LIS technologies, and presents three novel multifunctional LIS coatings. The newly developed coatings enhance the LIS coatings through the addition of antibacterial properties and biomolecules to promote tissue integration.

Polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS)-basierte Materialien finden Verwendung als Schirmmaterial für Verbundisolatoren in der Hochspannungstechnik. Diese Schirmmaterialen benötigen im Außeneinsatz eine herausragende Hydrophobie, um Spannungsüberschläge durch leitfähige Elektrolytfilme zu vermeiden. Im Außeneinsatz widerfährt ein Schirmmaterial unterschiedliche Witterungsbedingungen wie z.B.: Regen oder Betauungsvorgänge. Unter Wirkung hoher elektrischer Felder können dann auf der Oberfläche Tropfenteilentladungen auftreten, die zu einer Hydrophilisierung der Oberfläche führen. Ziel der Arbeit ist es die Materialparameter zu beleuchten, die einen Einfluss auf die Hydrophobiebeständigkeit von Schirmmaterialien besitzen. Kommerziell erhältliche Silikon-Komposite besitzen neben dem eigentlichen Silikonnetzwerk auch Füllstoffe in unbekannter Art und Konzentration, wodurch eine Ursachenfindung für den Hydrophobieverlust erschwert ist. Aus diesem Grund wurde auf eigens synthetisierte Silikonelastomere zurückgegriffen. Diese wurden durch platinkatalysierte Hydrosilylierungsreaktion aus vinylterminierten PDMS (vPDMS) und dem tetrafunktionalem Vernetzer Tetrakis(dimethylsiloxysilan) (TDSS) hergestellt. Durch Variation der Kettenlängen des vPDMS und durch Variation des stöchiometrischen Verhältnisses konnte ein vPDMS-TDSS-Modell-Silikonsystem entwickelt werden, worin Netzwerkparameter (Netzwerkdichte und Sol-Anteil) gezielt justiert werden konnten. Die hergestellten Silikonelastomere wurden anschließend hinsichtlich ihrer Hydrophobie untersucht und im Anschluss gegenüber ihrer Beständigkeit gegenüber Tropfenteilentladungen getestet. Zur Simulation der kombinierten elektrischen und elektrolytischen Beanspruchung wurden dynamische Tropfentests durchgeführt, um die Hydrophobiebeständigkeit zu untersuchen. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurde festgestellt, dass insbesondere die Steifigkeit der Materialien einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Hydrophobiebeständigkeit von Silikonen hat. Zusätzlich beeinflusst die Rauheit eines Materials die Ausfallzeiten im dynamischen Tropfentest maßgeblich. Darüber hinaus führt ein überlagerter Ölfilm auf der strukturierten Oberfläche dazu, dass sich das Abgleitverhalten von Wassertropfen im Laufe der Zeit verändert.

The goal of this study is to quantify the transient performance of microfabricated superhydrophobic surfaces when used in underwater applications. A mathematical framework is developed and used to predict the stability, longevity, and drag reduction benefits of submerged superhydrophobic surfaces with two- or three-dimensional micro-textures. In addition, a novel design is proposed to improve the drag-reduction benefits of lubricant-infused surfaces, by placing a layer of trapped air underneath the lubricant layer. The new design is referred to as lubricant–infused surfaces with trapped air, and it is designed to eliminate the long-lasting longevity problem of submerged superhydrophobic surfaces. The effectiveness of liquid-infused surface with trapped air design was examined via numerical simulation, and it was found to outperform its liquid-infused surface counterpart by about 37%.

Lorsqu'un liquide mouillant touche un solide, on observe un ménisque de taille millimétrique. Si le solide est rugueux à une échelle submillimétrique, le liquide peut progresser le long des aspérités sur une distance qui est potentiellement illimitée si le solide est horizontal. Nous modélisons la rugosité avec des piliers cylindriques et montrons que quelques cylindres seulement suffisent à transporter et guider précisément un liquide. Nous étudions la dynamique macroscopique et microscopique de l'invasion. Nous examinons ensuite combien de liquide s'accumule dans une variété de textures et proposons un nouveau type de détergence pour extraire le liquide de la rugosité. Nous prenons aussi la gravité en compte et l'utilisons d'abord pour démontrer que plusieurs fronts liquides peuvent être observés simultanément dans des porosités multi-échelles. Nous nous intéressons enfin aux ponts capillaires millimétriques et nous dédions notre dernier chapitre à leur dynamique de croissance radiale. / When a wetting liquid contacts a solid, we observe a liquid meniscus of millimetric size. If the solid is rough at a submillimetric scale, the liquid may progress along the asperities for a potentially unlimited distance if the solid is horizontal. We model the roughness with a regular texture and show that a low number of surface features is sufficient to transport and precisely guide a liquid. We study the macroscopic and microscopic dynamics of the invasion. We examine then how much liquid accumulates in a variety of texture and propose a new kind of detergency to remove the liquid from the roughness. We also consider the influence of gravity and use it to demonstrate that multiple liquid fronts can be observed simultaneously in porosities of different scales. Then we turn our attention to millimetric capillary bridges and dedicate our last chapter to explain their dynamics of radial growth with the Cox-Voinov model.