Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Australia, 2007.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Göttingen.

In praktyk word daar talle probleme met die rekeningkundige verantwoording van ontasbare bates ervaar. Hierdie probleme kan in vier hoof kategorieë verdeel word naamlik die identifikasie, erkenning, tydsgaping en meting van ontasbare bates (sien hoofstuk 2). Van al hierdie probleme is die metingsprobleem die grootste, m.a.w behoort ontasbare bates teen koste of teen billike waarde gemeet en in die state ingesluit te word? Daar is talle argumente teen die gebruik van beide en díe word in detail in hoofstuk 2 uiteengesit. Dit is die skrywer se mening dat billike waarde ‘n baie beter maatstaf vir sodaninge bates is, omdat koste gebaseerde maatstawwe nie altyd relevant is nie. Die grootste kritiek teen die gebruik van billike waarde -maatstawwe is egter dat dit onbetroubaar, ingewikkeld, duur en wisselvallig kan wees. Daar is ook vrese dat die openbaarmaking daarvan nadelig vir maatskappye se kompeterende voordeel kan wees.Die probleem wat rekeningkundiges in die gesig staar is dus eerstens om die kwalitatiewe eienskappe van relevantheid en betroubaarheid teen mekaar op te weeg. Indien hulle tot die gevolgtrekking kom dat relevantheid in hierdie geval belangriker is as betroubaarheid moet die kwessies van koste, ingewikkeldheid en wisselvalligheid steeds aangespreek word. Hierdie studie bestudeer benaderings en metodes om ontasbare bates teen hulle billike waarde te meet, ten einde te bepaal of sodanige metodes wel die kritiek daarteen kan oorkom, m.a.w. kan sodanige billike waarde -metodes wel ‘n betroubare, koste-effektiewe, verstaanbare en stabiele aanwysing van waarde verskaf? / Prof. D Coetsee

This thesis was conducted in the field of Environmental technology for the Sustainability & Technology Assessment group, at Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology. Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology is a research institute, striving to contribute to Singapore’s industrial capital through use-inspired research. The manufacturing industry contributes to a significant portion of the world´s total energy and resource consumption. This resource consumption could be reduced significantly through sustainable initiatives and technologies already available today. The reasons why companies choose not to invest in such technologies are often not due to technical factors, but rather due to financial factors. Financial barriers exist because investments are made on the basis of cost based value systems, which seldom justify investments in sustainable technology. When investments are made, the primary reason is to reduce costs while intangible benefits are ignored. However, this study shows that sustainability creates intangible value that current value systems cannot account for. Understanding the true value of sustainability would help decision makers realize that sustainable manufacturing is a viable business opportunity. This thesis studies the effect sustainable attributes has on a company’s ability to generate value. A value system is proposed, linking 40 sustainable attributes to value domains of intangible value. The value of sustainable attributes is quantified using the Sustainable Value approach. The study shows that social indicators, deemed by others to be unsuitable, can be used when proper adjustments to the Sustainable Value approach are made. A case study was performed on the Swedish manufacturing company Finess Hygiene AB to investigate the applicability of the model. The case study showed that the value system was applicable using data that already exists within the company, but the main challenge lies in collecting good and reliable benchmark data. Benchmark data is significantly easier to obtain in Sweden than Singapore for users wishing to apply the proposed value system. A follow up study should be performed to study the potential of a large scale adoption of the value system in Singapore.

Abstract Intangible Assets Pricing Model in Biotech industry In the era of knowledge-based economic, the revenue creation model of companies are transiting from conventional fixed-assets focus to new intellectual assets, brand names, and customer needs focus. Taiwan industries also jumped into this wagon and are gradually switching from the equipment manufacturers (OEM) model focused on production to a new type of model concentrated on the conjunction of technology, brand, and services. After the revision of corporation law in 2001 to stipulate that companies are allow to capitalization of their technology or goodwill, it is becomes a must to establish a well accepted pricing model for these intangible assets to the banks or industry-wide. The key of the pricing model is how to apply the valuation rules, which are commonly for the tangible assets, to the intangible assets. The pricing model will be able to act as a start point for the traders to negotiation, and decrease the transaction costs related to information non-transparence or information gathering. This paper tried to survey all the possible pricing models, regardless of theoretical and empirical ones, and make a comparison among these models. In addition, there is an analysis of market information in biotech development. At last, this paper explored some current applied pricing models by interviewing the people in the industries and using cases studies. Although there is no wide-accepted valuation l to apply, the searching as many models as possible may provide various ways to re-evaluate pricing models, and in the hope to come up a result reflected closer to the reality.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-115).

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Texas at Arlington, 2009.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009 / Title from PDF (viewed on 19 August 2009) Department of Accounting Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center

This thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of the overall magnitude of intangible investment and the impact of this intangible investment on the behavior of the capital stock and on the value of capital goods. I begin by constructing a data set to document firms’ expenditures on an identi- fiable list of intangible items in Canada. I then examine the implications of treating intangible spending as the acquisition of final (investment) goods on estimates of GDP growth for Canada. I find that investment in intangible capital by 2002 is almost as large as the investment in physical capital. Furthermore, the growth in GDP and labor productivity may be underestimated by as much as 0.1 percentage point per year during this same period. I proceed by measuring the size of the stock of the intangible capital in Canada using newly released data on the market value of all securities in the economy. The approach taken relies on a quantitative application of the q-theory of investment to generate the quantity of capital owned by firms. I find that the intangible capital stock accounted for approximately 30% of overall capital since 1994. Of this, the R&D reported by national accounts makes up only 23%. These results imply that official Canadian statistics failed to account for 26% of the value of the capital stock in their 2005 quarterly data collection. Finally, I extend the q-theory of investment to model explicitly the decision of firms to invest in intangibles. I then use the model to measure the contribution of intangible goods to the overall capital stock in the U.S. The model departs from the one mentioned earlier in that it highlights the embodiment of intangible goods in tangibles and the role of relative price movements in the measurement of the contribution of each type of investment to the overall capital stock. I find that the growth in the overall capital stock from the late-80s until 2000 was driven mainly by an increase in the contribution of intangibles. However, the contribution of intangibles fell consistently after 2000. These results underscore the importance of accounting for the movements in the price of intangibles rather than focusing only on their rising share in overall investment. / Thesis (Ph.D, Economics) -- Queen's University, 2008-06-26 09:32:06.389

A firm�s relationships with its customers contribute to its organizational capital and represent an important part of its shareholder value, so the nature of the value in these relationships needs to be understood well and managed carefully. Marketing managers therefore require techniques that will assess relationship value comprehensively in order to manage their portfolio of customer relationships effectively and in order to argue for a sufficient share of the firm�s resources to develop these market based assets for competitive advantage. At present, there is a well-established technique for assessing customer profitability analysis which assigns revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities to customers and algebraically sums their value to reach a profitability figure for each customer. However, even in its more sophisticated forms, the primary focus of customer profitability analysis as it is currently used tends to be the management of profitability by way of the management of existing situations, and particularly of cost, rather than the management of the value that is potentially available in the future from the intangible aspects of a relationship. Without knowledge of the dimensions of intangible value in the relationship, the technique is restricted to assessing those relationship aspects that can be easily quantified in dollar terms by the modification of existing accounting information. This leaves a gap in the available toolbox for managers in assessing relationship value, because much of the value of a relationship may be in its intangible aspects, which at present can not be readily assessed other than by a manager�s experience and intuition. In order to develop techniques specifically for intangible value assessment, it is necessary to understand the dimensions of this intangible value. Development of scales to measure the dimensions of this intangible relationship value and development of an understanding of its structure is thus a useful research goal, which is supported by calls in the literature for the quantification of market-based assets and their value Elucidation of the dimensions and structure of intangible relationship value is therefore the goal of this thesis. Although there are recent reports in the literature of studies that include the intangible aspects of relationship value, most of those that have been conducted in a business-to-business context appear to be primarily concerned with investigating the drivers of value rather than its dimensions, and those that deal with the business-to-consumer context describe techniques to assess the aggregated value of many consumers, rather than an individual buyer as is required for business-to-business applications. The thesis therefore proposes a conceptual framework, synthesised from the intellectual capital literature, which provides a set of six dimensions and a structure of intangible business-to-business buyer-seller value. The six proposed dimensions are unique in that they cover the human aspects of the relationship extensively. The thesis describes the testing of the proposed conceptual framework. This was achieved primarily by the use of the structural equation modelling technique on survey data that was collected from managers in the New Zealand manufacturing industry, following qualitatively analysed interviews with managers. The tests support the framework and its value dimensions. The thesis therefore concludes that this research provides a contribution to the literature on value assessment and that future research should be conducted to validate its findings.