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Orientador: Pascoal José Giglio Pagliuso / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T00:52:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosa_PriscilaFerrariSilveira_D.pdf: 147107080 bytes, checksum: e6ecb488eaabaaa03a84f0aa02f1bec0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O entendimento microscópico da intrincada relação entre magnetismo e supercondutividade não-convencional e atualmente um dos grandes problemas em aberto em física da matéria condensada. Em especial, compostos com estrutura cristalina tetragonal parecem favorecer a emergência de tal fenômeno. Os compostos intermetálicos tetragonais BaFe2As2 e EuFe2As2 cristalizam na estrutura tetragonal ThCr2Si2 (I 4/mmm) com camadas de FeAs separadas por átomos de bario/europio. Ambos os compostos apresentam uma distorção estrutural (tetragonal para ortorrômbica) acompanhada for uma transição de fase magnética do tipo onda de densidade de spin (ou SDW, na sigla em inglês) em TSDW = 140 K e TSDW = 190 K, respectivamente. E notável que esta fase magnética pode ser suprimida em direção ao estado supercondutor através de substituição quica ou pressão aplicada. Neste trabalho, apresentamos o estudo sistemático das propriedades do composto intermetálico tetragonal BaFe2As2 em função de tr^es parâmetros: substituição de Eu no sitio cristalográfico do Ba; substituição de metais de transição TM = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu e Ru no sitio cristalográfico do Fe e/ou pressão hidrostática. Para tal proposito, primeiramente sintetizamos amostras de alta qualidade através do método alternativo de fluxo metálico de In. A caracterização macroscópica dos compostos foi realizada através das técnicas experimentais de medidas de susceptibilidade magnética, calor especifico, resistividade elétrica em pressão ambiente e sob pressão hidrostática, além da caraterização estrutural através da difração de pó de raios-X. No que diz respeito a caracterização microscópica, a investigação experimental foi realizada através da técnica de ressonância de spin eletrônico (RSE) utilizando como provas os ons paramagnéticos de Eu2+ e Mn2+/Cu2+, além do estudo de absorção de raios-X (EXAFS) tanto na borda K do As quanto na borda do Fe. Dessa forma, foi possível investigar a dinâmica de spins no plano e fora do plano de FeAs e sua relação com as distorções locais do material. Nossos resultados evidenciam que a diminuição da distância Fe-As esta intimamente ligada a supressão da fase SDW e a localização das bandas 3d do Fe no plano Fe-As. O aumento do caráter orbital planar xy/x2 - y2 na superfície de Fermi parece ser um ingrediente propício para a emergência da supercondutividade nessa classe de compostos / Abstract: The microscopic understanding of the intricate interplay between magnetism and unconventional superconductivity is currently one of the great open questions in condensed matter physics. In particular, compounds with a tetragonal crystal structure seems to be favorable to the emergence of such phenomena. The intermetallic compounds BaFe2As2 and EuFe2As2 crystallize in the tetragonal ThCr2Si2-type structure (I 4/mmm) with FeAs sheets separated by barium/europium layers. Both compounds exhibit a structural distortion accompanied by a magnetic spin-density wave (SDW) phase transition at TSDW = 140 K and TSDW = 190 K, respectively. Remarkably, this SDW phase can be tuned toward a superconducting state by substitution and applied pressure. In this thesis, we will present a systematic study of the intermetallic tetragonal compound BaFe2As2 as a function of three parameters: Eu substitution in the Ba crystallographic site, transition metal (TM) substitution (TM = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Ru) in the Fe site, and/or applied hydrostatic pressure. For this purpose, we have grown high-quality single crystals by the alternative In-ux method. The macroscopic characterization has been made by measurements of magnetic susceptibility, specic heat and electrical resistivity at ambient pressure and under hydrostatic pressure. Concerning the microscopic investigation, the experimental approach consists in using electron spin resonance (ESR) technique employing paramagnetic ions of Eu2+ and Mn2+/Cu2+ as probes in the Ba and FeAs planes, respectively and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS) in both As and Fe K edges. In this manner, it was possible to study the site specific spin dynamics and its relation with local distortions in the material. Our results evidentiate that the decrease in the Fe-As distance is intimately related to the SDW phase suppression and to a localization of the Fe 3d bands in the FeAs plane. This increase in the planar xy/x2 - y2 orbital character at the Fermi surface appears to be a propitious ingredient to the emergence of superconductivity in this class of materials / Doutorado / Física / Doutora em Ciências

Orientador: Antonio José Ramirez Londono / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T13:37:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TorresLopez_EdwarAndres_D.pdf: 14707024 bytes, checksum: 982b5dbc99d5f7bbef2ea2c34019eea4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Neste trabalho foram realizadas juntas soldadas dissimilares de aço carbono AISI SAE 1020 e a liga de alumínio AA6063-T5, com 2 mm de espessura, empregando o processo de soldagem por atrito com pino não consumível (SAPNC). As juntas soldadas a topo foram realizadas empregando ferramenta de WC-14Co, com diâmetro de ombro e pino de 25,0 e 5,7 mm, respectivamente, e comprimento de pino de 1,35 mm. Foram empregadas velocidades de rotação e avanço de 300 RPM e 150 mm.min-1, respectivamente, para três deslocamentos da ferramenta: +0,5, +1,0 e +1,5 mm. A caracterização microestrutural foi realizada por meio de microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura e de transmissão, difração de elétrons retroespalhados (EBSD), espectrometria de raios X dispersiva em energia (X-EDS) e difração de raios X (DRX). Para relacionar os parâmetros de soldagem com a microestrutura das juntas soldadas, foram elaborados os perfis da história térmica durante a soldagem. Juntas soldadas consolidadas foram obtidas para deslocamentos tangenciais da ferramenta (DT) de +1,0 e +1,5 mm, sendo descartado o DT de +0,5 mm por resultarem em penetração heterogênea ao longo da junta. As juntas realizadas no presente trabalho podem ser consideradas como de baixo aporte térmico. Esta condição evitou a formação da denominada zona de menor dureza na zona termicamente afetada (ZTA) do lado do alumínio e de compostos intermetálicos AlxFey na interface alumínio-aço. Na zona misturada, foram obtidas evidências da presença de dois mecanismos de recristalização dinâmica diferentes. No lado de avanço da zona misturada foi identificado o mecanismo de recristalização dinâmica geométrica, enquanto no lado de retrocesso o mecanismo ativo foi recristalização dinâmica continua / Abstract: In this work dissimilar AISI SAE 1020 mild steel and aluminum alloy AA6063-T5 joints, with 2 mm thickness, were friction stir welded (FSW). The welded joints were conducted employing WC-14Co tools, with shoulder and pin diameter of 25.0 and 5.7 mm respectively, and pin length of 1.35 mm. Rotation and weld speeds of 300 RPM and 150 mm.min-1 were employed, for three tool offsets: 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm. The microstructural characterization was performed through optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (X-EDS) and x-ray diffraction (DRX). In order to correlate the welding parameters with the final microstructure of the joints, thermal history profiles were collected during welding. Consolidated welded joints were obtained for tool offsets (DT) of +1.0 and +1.5 mm, being discarded the +0.5 mm offset by to produce heterogeneous penetration along the welded joint. The joints made in this work can be considered as low-heat input. This condition prevented the formation of the so-called low hardness zone in heat affected zone (HAZ) aluminum side, and the formation of intermetallic compounds AlxFey in the aluminum-steel interface. In the stir zone evidences of the presence of two different dynamic recrystallization mechanisms were observed. In the advance side of the stir zone, the geometric dynamic recrystallization was identify as working mechanism, while in retreating side of the stir zone, the active mechanism is the so-called continuous dynamic recrystallization / Doutorado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

No description available.

Friction joining techniques, such as Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW) and high power Ultrasonic Welding (USW), could offer a solution for joining dissimilar materials combinations, such as aluminium (Al) to magnesium (Mg), where high intermetallic reaction rates make the use of conventional joining techniques problematic. Ultrasonic welds have been produced between 1 mm gauge Al 6111-T4 and Mg AZ31-H24 sheets, and the interfacial reaction has been studied as a function of welding time. For this welding system, the mechanical properties of the joints were optimised when a double reed welding system was employed to join materials that had been prepared using 800 grit SiC paper under a clamping force of 1.9 kN, and when the materials were oriented with the rolling direction parallel to the vibration direction. Welds produced between Al and Mg achieved similar peak lap shear strengths to those produced between Mg and Mg at welding times of 0.4 s, but the failure energy of the Al-Mg welds was less than half that of the parent material. In addition, the Al-Mg welds always failed at the interface between the sheets, rather than the desirable, and more energy intensive, pullout mechanism. The inferior mechanical properties were attributed to the rapid formation of a brittle intermetallic layer that initially formed as islands of the γ-Al12Mg17 phase. These islands rapidly spread and became continuous within 0.3 s of welding time, at which point a second sublayer of the β-Al3Mg2 phase began to form on the Al side of the intermetallic reaction layer. The combined layers reached a total thickness of 20 µm within 0.9 s of welding time, with the β-Al3Mg2 sublayer becoming the thicker of the two by this point. At longer welding times, interface liquation was observed at temperatures below the recognised lowest temperature eutectic reaction in the Al-Mg binary phase diagram. This was the result of the alloying elements present in the system and there was no depression in the melting point as a result of the high strain rate associated with this process, as has been proposed elsewhere. The rate of growth of the intermetallic layer during welding was higher than in static heat treatments, which was most likely due to the deformation causing microcracking in the brittle intermetallic layer, allowing short circuit diffusion to occur, and enhancing the growth rate by a factor of approximately 2. Finally, attempts were made to limit the rate of intermetallic compound (IMC) formation by applying coatings to the Mg sheet. The effect of the coatings was to reduce the overall IMC layer thickness by 50 %.

Orientador: Pascoal José Giglio Pagliuso / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-31T09:11:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jesus_CamiloBrunoRamosde_D.pdf: 5302284 bytes, checksum: 324e3103dff95287aa0b4d19f9ce5a4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Resumo: Neste trabalho investigamos as propriedades estruturais e magnéticas da família de compostos intermetálicos RTBi2 (R = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd; T = Cu, Au) além do composto CeCd0,7Sb2. As amostras foram crescidas pelo método de fluxo metálico, a maioria delas de forma inédita. Medidas macroscópicas de resistividade elétrica, susceptibilidade magnética e calor específico foram realizadas, além de medidas de espectroscopia de raios X de energia dispersiva ¿ EDS e difração de raios X. Medidas microscópicas de difração magnética de raios X e ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) foram realizadas, com ajuda de colaboradores, no composto CeCuBi2. Um modelo de campo médio que inclui uma interação de troca isotrópica entre primeiros vizinhos e efeitos de campo cristalino tetragonal foi utilizado para ajustar as medidas de magnetização e calor específico. Esses ajustes forneceram os parâmetros e esquemas de campo cristalino e os valores das constantes da interação de troca. A partir dessas análises encontramos como que efeitos de campo cristalino e a competição entre interações magnéticas, ferromagnética e antiferromagnética, governam as propriedades magnéticas desses compostos / Abstract: In this work we have investigated the structural and magnetic properties of the family of intermetallic compounds RTBi2 (R = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, T = Cu, Au) and, additionally, the CeCd0.7Sb2 compound. The samples were grown by Bi metallic flux method, most of them for the first time. Macroscopic measurements of electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat were carried out with supplementary measurements of Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction. Microscopic measurements of magnetic X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were carried out with the help of collaborators in the CeCuBi2 compound. A mean-field model that includes an anisotropic exchange interaction between nearest neighbors and tetragonal crystal field effects was used to fit the magnetization and specific heat data. The best fits yield the crystal field parameters and schemes of level and the values of the constants of exchange interaction for each compound in the RTBi2 series. From these analyzes, we have described how the crystal field effects and the competition between magnetic interactions, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic, govern the magnetic properties of these compounds / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências / 1141235/2012 / CAPES

No description available.

<p>The morphologies and growth behavior of Cu₆Sn₅ intermetallic compound (IMC) formed between Sn-based solder and large-grain polycrystalline Cu substrate were systematically investigated. Hexagonal Cu₆Sn₅ grains were observed to form at certain reflow condition, which matches well with the literature results for IMC growing on single crystal substrate. The kinetics of IMC growth was also investigated and different mechanisms were proposed for different evolution stages. It was observed that facet formation should be a growth shape rather than an equilibrium shape, and the orientation relationship between Cu and Cu₆Sn₅ was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and were visualized on inverse pole figure. </p>

Not available until OCRd / Master of Science

No description available.