Mutual cell communication in the human body ensures the proper functioning of the essential mechanisms necessary for the life of the individual and preserving the homeostasis of the whole organism. Such communication is established by various types of signal transmission from the recipient cell to the donor cell, depending on the location and type of communicating cells. One such type is signalization through receptor molecules found on the surface or within the cell receiving the signal. These receptors receive the signal molecule in the form of a ligand and bind it to themselves, while activating the receptor and then triggering the intracellular signaling pathways. The most widely represented receptors in the eukaryotic organism include G-protein-coupled receptors, which represent signaling ensured by activation of the intracellular G-protein complex, and one of the main mechanisms occurring in neuronal signaling and signal transmission in the form of a neurotransmitter. Regulation of the amount of receptors on the surface of the cell and transport of the signal molecule into the intracellular spaces of the cell is ensured by the mechanism of endocytosis, whereby internalization of the ligand- bound receptor in the cytoplasm occurs. One of the most researched mechanisms is clatharin-mediated...

This paper is about introduction of congestion toll in centre of Prague. I look at the toll as an internalization of externalities instrument. Car transport causes high externalities in centres of cities, so there exists a tendency to solve this problem by different arrangements. Altough particular congestion toll project in Prague brings internalization of automobile externalities, this project is not profitable for the society because of high costs.

The graduation thesis concerns on questions of financial management of municipal waste in municipality Dacice. Profits and costs, related to waste management, are analyzed. Relevant economic theories are presented in the first chapter. Consequent chapters describe economic instruments and legislative regulation of waste policy in Czech Republic. The practical application of the theoretical findings is presented in the final chapter. Pursuant to analysis of waste management the deficiencies are mentioned and recommendations are given.

I will bend at a negative impact of transportation to the environment and present alternatives and opportunities to solve actual bad condition.

v anglickém jazyce Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Student: Bc. Jakub Gajdoš Supervisor: Mgr. Pavel Bárta, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Radiolabeling of ramucirumab followed with the study of its internalization in vitro. The process of angiogenesis ensures the formation of the bloodstream at the site of its increased need. Therefore, it is not surprising that angiogenesis is often included in the tumor production process, because it provides the tumor cells nutrition supply and metabolite removal. The targeting of angiogenesis has become a key topic of some scientific research. The process of tumor blood supply formation provides a family of vascular endothelial factors (VEGFs) and their respective receptors, which have become the target of the angiogenesis attenuation in a cancer treatment. One of many therapeutics is the monoclonal antibody ramucirumab targeted against VEGF receptor type 2 (VEGFR-2). Radioactive labeling of ramucirumab with a suitable radionuclide could bring benefits in either radiotherapy or radiodiagnostics. The aim of this diploma thesis was the indirect radioactive labeling of monoclonal antibody ramucirumab using 99m Tc as radiodiagnostic nuclide via the chelation agent succinimidyl-6-...

This thesis deals with the municipal infrastructure and its connected externalities in municipalities Lásenice, Lodhéřov and Stráž nad Nežárkou. Infrastructure in municipalities is a factor of their development. Municipalities are therefore generally trying to improve infrastructure and to internalize the externalities, which are connected with the infrastructure. It is because it leads to the development of municipality.

This thesis answers the question how big is the negative externality associated with driving under the influence of alcohol in crowns per kilometer driven by the driver with alcohol in blood. The calculation includes the economic consequences of accidents, specifically, loss of production, the cost of health care, administration and social expenditures, included are also the values of lost human lives and values for heavy and light injuries. Calculation of externality is used to determine the fine that internalizes this externality.

The cells are communicating with each other using membrane-bound receptors. These receptors can recognize various ligands. Signalling via receptors allows the cell to control energy homeostasis, cell growth, differentiation, signalling and migration. Many of membrane-bound receptors are dynamically exchanged between plasma membrane and internal endosomal compartments by exo- and endocytosis. The most studied mechanism of endocytosis is clathrin-mediated endocytosis. There are many proteins involved in the sophisticated endocytic machinery. So called adaptor proteins allow and/or facilitate proper selection of cargo, which should be internalized. Some of them help to curve the membrane and form a vesicle, some of them may have opposite effect. "Src Homology 3-Domain Growth Factor Receptor-Bound 2-Like (Endophilin) Interacting Protein 1" (SGIP1) might fall in this category. This protein influences endocannabinoid signalling probably via its effect on cannabinoid receptors endocytosis. SGIP1 was recently identified as a gene involved in regulation of energy metabolism with overexpression leading to obesity. The aim of this work is structural and functional analysis of SGIP1 membrane phospholipid-binding domain (MP-domain). This domain shares no sequence homology with any of known proteins. In this...

This diploma thesis deals with the changes of toll taxes and their implication in the Czech Republic between years 2007 -- 2015. The research was done using a dynamic regression analysis of monthly data provided by the web portal MYTO CZ. Based on the available data it was shown that the increase in average prices of toll transactions of ecologically unfavorable EURO groups leads to a decline in the share of total realized transactions. As a result carriers are most likely motivated to vehicle fleet renewal, which is reflected in the increase in the share of cars with lower environmental load.

Increased trends towards globalisation, optimization of the value chain, outsourcing of activities and focus on core competentencies result in increased importance of procurement's role, in that it causes high attention from top management.The focus from top management is based on the change of the cost structure, i.e. lowering internal value chain and an increase of material and purchasing costs above 50 %. The core objectives of the worldwide procurement are internationalization, strategic focus and costs reduction. There are high expectations towards procurement. First, to generate procurement savings on a global scale, to identify the best procurement markets, finding the best supplier and to determine the world class price level. The study has been targeted to analyze the configuration of worldwide procurement organizations and the impact of international production network on procurement. Furthermore, to benchmark international sourcing activities on a global scale, resulting in identification of critical success factors for improving the procurement quality and effectiveness.