The aim of this study is to explore different graders¡¦ concept of unknown and performance in solving equations in concrete situations. In recent years of early algebra research in the United States (Carraher, Schliemann, & Schwartz, in press), it was found that through systematic teaching, low and middle graders¡¦ algebra performance was better than the same or even higher graders without teaching. Therefore, semi-structured interview was adopted to collect data on three cases: a second-grader, a fifth-grader and a seventh-grader who were using textbooks that follow Grade one-nine Integrated Coordinate Curriculum in SY89. The interview questions included addition and subtraction CHANGE problems, as well as multiplication and division EQUAL GROUPS problems; with natural numbers below 20, and given in four types: one-step, two-steps mixed, relating two unknowns and comparing two unknowns. Data analysis was conducted by referring to three sources of data: protocols from interviews, children¡¦s problem-solving records and interviewer¡¦s observation records. Research findings were: all three cases that received guidance could use equations to express problems; ¡§Undoing¡¨ was the most frequently used problem-solving strategy; both second and fifth graders could simplify expressions by number properties in concrete situations; both fifth and seventh graders could check if answers were reasonable; the meaning of equal sign developed from ¡§finding the results of¡¨ to ¡§equality in measures¡¨; and, individual differences in ¡§trial and error substitution¡¨ among three cases. Such results were consistent to that of Carraher. It is suggested that, introducing early algebra in the elementary school is helpful to children¡¦s learning of formal algebra in the junior high school.

With the dominance of service industry and the membership of WTO for Taiwan, the farming and fishing industries are facing fierce competition from globalization. Traditional agricultural society has thus largely perished, its population aged and young people moving to cities, productivity being low. Farming and fishing industries are no longer able to support livelihood of local communities. It is highly trumpeted for these industries to be transformed to leisure-purposed farming and fishing. Tourism is now almost seen as a panacea for the future. However, there are many problems. The current study uses a ¡¥mediocre¡¦ case of Shi-Tsao area of Tainan as an example, to study the normal pattern of development of traditional communities into tourism destinations. The research focuses on the issues that this area has faced, the ecological functions and environmental attributes of its coastal area, including the carrying capacity; an environmental analysis of the community is also executed. Adopting a qualitative approach, the research is based on in-depth interviews, literature evidence, and a case study of Tao-Mi Community. The purpose is to study the issues that Shi-Tsao faces during its transit to a new industry. SWOT analysis is used, and cross-analyses of the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat are executed to find out the priorities of the related issues. Suggestions are given as how to make the transition more smooth and plausible. The ultimate purpose is to help understand the whole situation that Taiwanese rural area faces nowadays. The conclusions include issues in ecology, land use, investment and professional planning from outside and legal problems; it is also found that social and political issues such as resource distributions and partisan are detrimental to development.

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Environmental testing industry is a kind of knowledge industry, also a kind of technical service industry. People who engaged in environmental testing services are all knowledge workers. A knowledge worker¡¦s benefit to a company could be in the form of developing business intelligence or variety of other important gains in knowledge that aid the business. It is necessary for a company to build up its human resource management system(HRMS) in such competitive market nowadays. Peter Drucker(1989) pointed that the quality, performance, and achievement of management people is the critical issue for deciding the fate of a company. Management people is the key to success, so how to strengthen and develop the competence of management people is very important. Human resource is the intellectual capital of knowledge industry. It also could be the capital of technical service industry. Purpose of the study is to realize what should be the competence of management people and how will it be of help to the HRMS within the case environmental laboratory. It could maximize the effectiveness of human resource investment and enhance the selecting, cultivating, retaining, and positioning people in an innovation way. People who take the advantage of their management competence will positively bring in sustainable growth in profitability. Through reviewing of the essays and theses, induction of the interview information, the writer found that the conceptual difference is existence in reality of training and promotion sub-system between management people and its existing HRMS. Management people need an integrated training sub-system for developing their management competence. And, they need a clear, definite, and quantitative sub-system for promotion appraisal. Most of the interviewee were sure these two sub-system could encourage and retain good people for the company. If the case company could improve these two sub-system of the whole HRMS, it will acquire the consistency of both people and company as well as the synergistic effects. The results and suggestions of the study is wishing to benefit environmental testing industry by enhancing the management competence. Furthermore, it is wishing to benefit all other testing related industries as well.

The Cheng Ching Lake is a reservoir. It functions not only as a water supplier, but also as a scenic spot. It used to be one of the top three scenic spots in Taiwan. However, it has gradually lost its competitiveness with environmental change. And its tourists has also decreased with year, which has resulted in deficits of earning and prosperity. This study probes into the competitive advantage of the Cheng Ching Lake scenic spot according to the Resource-Based Theory. The unique competitiveness of general enterprises comes from two complementary sources-- the resources and the competencies in the enterprises. Since it is easier for an enterprise to control and manage its resources and competencies, the two factors are more suitable being as references and indicators for a company to decide on its tactics of development. Therefore, an enterprise should make good use of its resources in advantage and even its core resources in order to make profits and maintain its substainable competitive advantage. This thesis adopted qualitative methods and conducted in-depth interviews with the administrator of the Cheng Ching Lake scenic spot, superiors in authorities concerned, scholars, and experts. After discussing with them the effects that tangible assets, intangible assets, human resources and capabilities have on competitive advantage, the results¡GThe core resource of the Cheng Ching Lake scenic spot is ¡§its water resource and ecology¡¨ that is unique, specific, and imperfectly imitable, which shape the Cheng Ching Lake¡¦s competitiveness. As for the core competence, the management ability, age, quality, professional training, adjustment ability of its employees lack in competitiveness, the Cheng Ching Lake scenic spot does not have core competence . Based on the above findings, this study gets some suggest to development strategies for the Cheng Ching Lake senic spot as follows: 1.Using the differentiation to separate the market. 2.Selecting a specific theme for further development. 3.Modifying after a whole plan, and to run the business with each section separated for different usage. 4.Adopting alliance strategy to promote its competitiveness. 5.Collecting cleaning fees from people doing morning exercise to compensate for the loss in profits.

Interview mit Peter Matzke

Interview mit Alfred Pompe

Zugl.: München, Univ., Diss., 2008

Zugl.: München, Univ., Diss., 2009

Humboldt-Universiẗat, Diplomarbeit--Berlin, 2007.