Although many commercial chemicals can dissociate, the study of the biological and environmental fate of ionogenic organic chemicals (IOCs) is still in its infancy. Uptake of the veterinary drug diclofenac in vultures and cattle was successfully simulated with a newly developed physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for IOCs, lending credence to diclofenac’s proposed role in South Asian vulture population declines. Proteins and phospholipids rather than total lipids control the tissue distribution of diclofenac. A method was developed to simultaneously extract neutral and acidic pesticides and benzotriazoles from water samples with recoveries ranging 70-100%. This method was applied to samples from a laboratory calibration experiment of the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler. The sampler had higher uptake for neutral and acidic pesticides when filled with triphasic sorbent admixture and OASIS MAS sorbent, respectively. While either sorbent can also be applied for methylated benzotriazoles, neither is capable of quantitatively sampling all three compound groups.

Although many commercial chemicals can dissociate, the study of the biological and environmental fate of ionogenic organic chemicals (IOCs) is still in its infancy. Uptake of the veterinary drug diclofenac in vultures and cattle was successfully simulated with a newly developed physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for IOCs, lending credence to diclofenac’s proposed role in South Asian vulture population declines. Proteins and phospholipids rather than total lipids control the tissue distribution of diclofenac. A method was developed to simultaneously extract neutral and acidic pesticides and benzotriazoles from water samples with recoveries ranging 70-100%. This method was applied to samples from a laboratory calibration experiment of the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler. The sampler had higher uptake for neutral and acidic pesticides when filled with triphasic sorbent admixture and OASIS MAS sorbent, respectively. While either sorbent can also be applied for methylated benzotriazoles, neither is capable of quantitatively sampling all three compound groups.

Palyginus gelių gamybos metodus nustatyta, kad gamybos laikas naudojant magnetinę maišyklę yra 7,5 karto ilgesnis nei naudojant neutralizatorių. Pastebėta, kad gelio gamybos metodas reikšmingai įtakoja klampą. Nustatyta, kad gelio formavimosi laikui hidroksietiloceliuliozės koncentracija įtakos neturi ir visų tirtų koncentracijų geliai susiformuoja per tą patį laiką. Išmatavus 1,5, 2 ir 3 proc. koncentracijų hidroksietilceliuliozės gelių klampas pastebėta, kad didėjant polimero koncentracijai, reikšmingai didėja gelių klampa. Nustatyta, kad maišymo trukmė neturi įtakos gelių klampai ir fiziniam stabilumui. Tiriant temperatūros įtaką gelių klampai ir stabilumui nustatyta, kad didžiausia klampa pasižymi geliai, kurie gaminami aukščiausioje 100 °C temperatūroje. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad temperatūrinis rėžimas neturi įtakos gelių stabilumui. Tiriant gelinių pagrindų sąveiką su hidrofilinėmis/hidrofobinėmis medžiagomis pastebėta, kad geliai išlaiko savo pradinį fizinį stabilumą sąveikaujant su natrio chloridu, etanoliu, pieno rūgštimi, cinko oksidu, mentoliu ir kamparu. Nustatyta, kad 1 % pieno rūgšties užtikrina visišką gelio stabilumą. Ištyrus hidroksietilceliuliozės gelinio pagrindo sąveika su cinko oksidu nustatyta, kad norint užtikrinti geresnį cinko oksido dalelių pasiskirstymą ir lėtesnę sedimentaciją, gelis turėtų būti maišomas 5 min. 400 aps/min greičiu. / The study showed that gel production method using neutralizer is simplier than using magnetic stirrer. It was found that the gel production method significantly influences the viscosity. However, In order to reduce time, it is recommended to produce gel using the neutralizer. The study showed that the gel formation time is not affected by different hydroxyethylcellulose concentrations. By increasing concentration of hydroxyethylcellulose, viscosity increased. 1,5% gel viscosity without neutralizer is 49,70% higher compared with the gel, which is neutralized by 1 percent 10% trolamine solution. It was found that gel mixing time does not affect gel viscosity and physical stability. Furthemore, the results showed that gels, which were produced at 100° C temperature, are more viscous, than gels, which were produced at 40 °C temperature. Thus, it is recommended to produce gel by using higher temperature. The further study showed that the interaction between hydroxyethylcellulose and hydrophilic / hydrophobic materials does not affect the stability of gels. It was found that 1 % 90 percent lactic acid ensures complete stability of gel. The study showed that in order to ensure slower sedimentation and better distribution of zinc oxide particles, gel should be mixed 5 minutes 400 r/min.

Under the framework of this PhD project, a study on chromatographic behaviour of selected azaarenes on octadecylsilica stationary phases during their separation by reversed phase liquid chromatography was developed. The main goal was aimed at an application of the basic RPLC principles on the retention behaviour of azaarenes including the effects such as peak tailing, peak broadening, irreproducible retention or strong retention on a stationary phase. This study was particularly focused on basic azaarenes, also called acridines, which belong to a group of persistent organic pollutants providing mutagenic and/or carcinogenic activity. The retention patterns were studied on a group of eight acridines that are often present in environmental samples polluted with polycyclic aromatic compounds. The mixture of acridines was separated under isocratic elution conditions on three octadecylsilica stationary phases using two different binary mixtures as a mobile phase. Evaluation of the surface properties of the selected stationary phases was firstly performed, followed by the separation experiments. The structure of the experiments was designed to evaluate the effect of three different factors on the retention behaviour of acridines: properties of a stationary phase, composition of a mobile phase and physical-chemical properties of acridines. The treatment of the results was based on the capacity factor values providing the best fitting and repeatability of data, but other parameters that evaluate thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the separation process were also given. Simple correlations between the three factors and a character of retention mechanism of acridines on the given separation system were found. Application of this knowledge simplifies an optimisation process and helps to solve common separation problems for acridines, but also for other basic analytes displaying similar physical-chemical properties (Mr and pKa).