Lietuva 2004 metais tapo ES nare ir nuo to laiko mažinti regioninius skirtumus ir vystyti ekonomikai gauna paramą iš ES struktūrinių fondų. Šiuo metu fondo lėšos skirstomos pagal 2007-2013 metų patvirtintą paramos planą. Šiame darbe buvo analizuojama ar ES parama skirta įvairiems projektams turi įtakos Lietuvos regionų socialinei ir ekonominei plėtrai. Atlikti palyginamieji makroekonominių rodiklių tyrimai parodė, kad skirtumai tarp regionų nesumažėjo. / In 2004 year Lithuania became a member of Europe uninion and began to get support from EU foundations. The main EU foundations goal is to decrease the differences of regions in economical and social aspects. The problem is that it is very hard to decide and to check if this support in real helps to decrease the difference of regions, maybe it has no influence or even has the adverse influence. In my paper work I tried to find out the EU foundations influence for decreasing social and econimical differences between Lithuanian‘ regions. The results are so that Lithuanian government consist with a lot of problems regarding EU foundations, it has confirmed region policy, but there is not fully checked if the support is really used for projects which can help to decreased the social and economical differences between Lithuanian regions. Besides there are more and more research made which shows that if the country do not have strong control of how is making its regional policy, the use of ES foundatios suport can make huge adverse influence for long period.

This thesis presents results of theoretical modeling of x-ray and vibrational spectroscopies applied to liquid water and to CO adsorbed on a Ni(100) surface. The Reverse Monte Carlo method is used to search for  water structures that reproduce diffraction, IR/Raman and x-ray absorption by fitting them to experimental data and imposed constraints. Some of the structures are created to have a large fraction of broken hydrogen bonds because recent x-ray absorption and emission studies have been seen to support the existence of such structures. In the fitting procedure a fast way of computing the IR/Raman spectrum for an isolated OH stretch is used, where the frequency is represented by the electric field projected in the direction of the stretch coordinate. This method is critically evaluated by comparing it to quantum chemical cluster calculations. Furthermore, the x-ray emission spectrum of water is investigated, the modeling of which is complicated by the necessity of including vibrational effects in the spectrum calculations due to a dissociative intermediate state. Based on the Kramers-Heisenberg formula a new semi-classical method is developed to include vibrational effects in x-ray emission calculations. The method is seen to work very well for a one-dimensional test system. Moreover, x-ray absorption and emission are implemented in a periodic Density Functional Theory code which is applied to ice and to the surface adsorbate system CO on Ni(100). / Den här avhandlingen presenterar resultat av teoretisk modellering av röntgen- och vibrationella spektroskopier applicerade på flytande vatten och på CO adsorberat på en Ni(100) -yta. Reverse Monte Carlo-metoden används till att söka efter vattenstrukturer som reproducerar diffraktion, IR/Raman, röntgenabsorption och emission genom att anpassa strukturerna till experimentella data samt till pålagda restriktionsvillkor. Vissa av strukturerna är skapade så att de har en stor andel brutna vätebindningar eftersom nya röntgenabsorptions- och emissionsexperiment har setts stödja förekomsten av sådana strukturer. I anpassningsprocessen används en metod för att snabbt beräkna IR/Raman-spektrum för en isolerad OH-stretch, där frekvensen representeras av det elektriska fältet projicerat i stretch-koordinatens riktning.Vi utvärderar kritiskt denna metod genom att jämföra den med kvantkemiska klusterberäkningar. Vidare undersöks vattens röntgenemissionsspektrum, vars modellering kompliceras av nödvändigheten att inkludera vibrationella effekter i spektrumberäkningarna på grund av ett dissociativt intermediärt tillstånd. Baserat på Kramers-Heisenbergformeln utvecklas en ny semiklassisk metod som inkluderar vibrationella effekter. Metoden visar sig fungera mycket väl för ett endimensionellt testsystem. Dessutom implementerar vi röntgenabsorption och emission i en periodisk Täthetsfunktionalteorikod som vi sedan applicerar  på is och på ett ytadsorbatsystem: CO på Ni(100). / At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript. Paper 6: Manuscript.

Most information retrieval (IR) systems respond to users' representation of their information needs (queries) with a ranked list of relevant results, usually text documents. XML documents di er from traditional text documents by explicitly separating structure and content. XML-IR systems aim to exploit this separation by searching and retrieving relevant components of documents (called elements) rather than entire documents thereby, better ful lling users' information needs. Despite the potential bene t of XML-IR systems, most research in this area has not been centered on the needs of users. In particular, current XML-IR query formation interfaces, namely keywords-only and formal language, are not able to optimally address the needs of users. Keywords-only interfaces are too unsophisticated to fully capture the users' complex information needs that contain both content and structural requirements. In contrast, while formal languages are able to capture users' content and structural requirements they are too di cult to use, even for experts, and are too closely tied to the physical structure of the collection. This thesis presents a solution to these problems by presenting NLPX, a natural language interface for XML-IR systems. NLPX allows users to enter XML-IR queries in natural language and translates them into a formal language (NEXI) to be processed by existing XML retrieval systems. When evaluated by system testing, NLPX outperformed alternative translation approaches. When tested in a user-based experiment, NLPX performed comparably to a query-by-template interface, the baseline user-oriented interface for formulating structured queries. It is hoped that the outcomes of this thesis will help to refocus the eld of XML-IR around the user. This will lead to the development of more useful XML-IR systems, which will hopefully result in the more widespread use of XML-IR systems.

Zugl.: Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2005

Frankfurt (Main), Univ., Diss., 2009

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2009. / Title from screen (viewed on August 26, 2009). Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Mark Kaplan. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-125).

Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2000.

Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2002.

Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2007.

Augsburg, Univ., Diss., 2009.